Eugene ONeill and the Emergence of American Drama (Costerus NS 75) (Costerus New Series)

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John Ash, Countess of Northumberland, H. Hope, George Huddesford and J. Portraits on India paper. A very extensive and complete collection of Portraits and Views gathered during the past 20 years for the extra-illustration of the Life of Long- fellow. This collection has been given Mr. Manson's earnest attention as regards completeness ; every en- graved portrait or place mentioned has been secured, if possible.

In many cases he has been able to obtain only a wood-engraved portrait or view. All the differ- ent portraits of Longfellow, his family, ancestors, places of residence, etc. In all a grand collection; it would take years to get the same material together. It has been left in rough state as collected; no attempt being made to get it ready for binding, except an alphabeti- cal arrangement of both portraits and views.

Nothing like an adequate list could be given that would convey an idea of the prints in this collection. Among them are many rare plates, some of minor personages whose portraits are only to be found in privately printed genealogies, or memoirs. Also a number of India proofs, mezzotints and rare old copperplates of cele- brated personages of ancient times. Among the views are many rare ones too numerous to mention. The wood engravings not only include portraits that exist in no other form, but interior views of the Longfellow houses, or proof engravings published to illustrate his Poems and Prose.

The collection comprises en- graved portraits and 31 different engraved portraits of Longfellow; also a large photograph, a phototype por- trait, 8 woodcut portraits, 11 etched or engraved views, and 53 woodcuts of the various Longfellow houses at Cambridge, Portland and Nahant, engraved views on steel or copper, 11 proof wood engravings, 4 0 size, smaller woodcuts, 54 woodcut portraits, 17 full- page, or proof woodcut portraits.

Together pieces, to be sold as one lot. A grand collection, and a chance for a Longfellow collector, or any one, to still further extend, or bind. Woodcuts and pages from the large edi- tion of Longfellow's Prose and Poetical Works. Autograph letter 3 pages 4 0 , Portland, Jan. Whitefield of Longfellow's Birthplace at Portland, Me.

All mounted on 4 0 cards for portfolio use. Memoir and Correspondence of. Cutler 2 , Rufus G.

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Daveis, Levi Woodbury, A. History of New England. Boston, Palfrey. Choice Collection of Portraits and Views to illustrate the above work. Includes portraits, 90 views, 15 lithograph views of historic houses by Edwin Whitefield, 8 engraved maps, 55 wood-engravings, either mounted as India proofs or full page and a lot of unmounted woodcuts. Includes many India proofs, some inlaid and very few need inlay- ing, most of them being large enough to cut to the proper size. There are many fine old copperplates from the early English maga- zines, curious Dutch plates, many private plates or etched portraits of limited edition.

Among the great number only a few can be mentioned: Thomas Arundel, etched, Sam'l Adams, proof, Gen. Abercrombie, Earl of Anglesey, Rev. Lord Viscount Howe, Adm. Juxton, Chief Justice Jeffreys, Wm. James Lane, George Lisle, Gen. John Morris, Montcalm, by Varin ; Gen. Phips, Father Peters, Col. Penruddock, Hugh Peters 2 , Adm. Dunkarton, Marechal de Turenne, by Ogborne; Gen. Townshend, Charles Town- shend, Wm. White ; Charles and Dorothy Townshend, by E.

George Whitefield, by Brocas ; Gen. Cromwell, General Dalyell, mezzotint by C. John Lambert, Ezra Stiles, by S. Vernon, Duke of York, etc. Among the engraved views are: Defeat of the Spanish Armada, Boston, Eng. Public Men and Events, from the commencement of Mr. Monroe's Administration, in , to the close of Mr. Fillmore's Administration in Includes portraits, 76 engraved views, 35 woodcuts and 4 autograph letters.

Blair, mezzotint by Sartain 2 t Francis Baylies, Edm. Dallas, by Leney ; John H. Elliott, by Edwin; Hon.


  • Small Worlds: A Novel.
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Gates, Stephen Girard, W. John Knox, Richard A. Otis 2 , Osceola, James L. Polk 3 , Princess Matoaka, William C. Santa Anna 2 , Stephen Simpson, lith. Sprague, lith-; John Sergeant, lith. Scott 3 , Com. Tyler 2 , Pres. Taylor 3 , Martin Van Buren 5 , S. Van Rensslaer, G, C. Attention is called to the number of rare lithographic portraits col- lected here, many of them being the only portraits known, and very difficult to find ; also many rare Western views.

Portrait, map and 2 folding plates. Republished at the Franklin Press: Richmond, Fine, uncut copy. Cook, Columbus, by P. Van der Moulon ; Sebastian Cabot, by D. Steel plates by the best engravers, reproducing great paint- ings of American Scenery by the most distinguished American Artists, selected to illustrate Tuckerman's Book of the Artists.

All on 4 0 cards, brilliant impres- sions. Shattuck, De Haas, J. Haseltine, Henry Fenn, F. Life of the Rev. Albany, Extra Illustrated: With portraits and 37 views inserted. They include mezzotint of Whitefield, printed for Robert Sayer, fine impression ; Rev. Hamilton, William Cowper, by P. Maverick ; 12 Views of Gloucester, Eng.

John Murry, by S. Hill ; Newbury Bridge, from Massachusetts Magazine. Norman, size x7 inches. This book contains 38 different portraits of Whitefield, nearly all steel or copperplates ; an extremely fine collection. Proof wood en- gravings, with wide margins, engraved by Andrews. Lorimer, Cotton and Increase Mather, A. Miner 3 , W. Murray, John Murray, mezzotint by W. Randall, Daniel Sharpe, M. Griffin 2 , etc. Another lot, all different. Newsam ; John P. Moore ; Mather Byles, by S. Etched portrait, not signed, wide margins. John Rodgers, New York, ; — Rev.

Clergymen, engraved by D. Baury; — William White 2 ; — A. Griswold 2 ; — W. Stone; — James Madison; — R. Hobart; — Samuel Provoost 2 ; — T. The only portrait of him made. Chaplain at Castle William. Litho- graphs by B. Fine, brilliant im- pression. Another lot, few duplicates. Perry; — John Peak; — W. Payson; — John Rogers; — A. Ashbel Green; — Dr. Judson 2 ; — J. Bucking- ham; — George M. Thayer;— De Witt Talmadge; — N. Stephen Williams; — J. Wood; — Thomas T. Waterman; — Thomas Prince, etc. Proof wood engrav- ings for Winsor's History, engraved by Andrews, wide margins.

Spottswood ; Gurdon Saltonstall, Jere. Banks; — Elihu Winchester; — Ira D. Cobb; — William C. Hanscom; — Jotham Sewall. Portraits of Presidents and Views. Moore; — Edward Hitch- cock 2 ; — Amherst College in 1 and , lithos. Portraits of Edwards A. Park ; — R. Jesse Appleton 2 ; — Calvin E. Stowe; — John D. Lincoln; — Leonard Woods; — Thomas C. Abbott ; — William Allen ; — Henry W.

Longfellow; — View of College, engraved by J. Portrait of John Brown, T. Wright Smith; — F. Freeman; — Large Woodcut View, engraved by B. Barnard; — Professor Lorenzo Da Ponte. Eleazar Wheelock, by A. Wood - man and eight heliotype portraits. Lithographic View by Pendleton, N. Views engraved by B. Tanner 2 and F. Jones 2 ;— Rev.

Newsam; — Richard S. Sar- tain; — 4 views of Colleges. Three Views; — Pres. Felton, James Walker, Benj. John Winthrop, proof wood engraving. John Langdon Sibley; — Justin Winsor. View of the Ancient Buildings be- longing to Harvard College, Pendleton's lithography; — Harvard College, , steel plate before letters.

Buildings and Historical Places in Cambridge adjacent to the college. Series of heliotype views printed 20 years ago, before the yard fence was erected. Phillips Academy, 2 lith. Kershaw ; University of Michigan, by R. Three Views; — Jno. View eng'd by W. Livingston 2 ; — Philip Milledoler. Lee, Washington and Lee Uni. Mary's; — Count Zinzendorf, established schools at Nazareth, Pa.

Wright Smith; — View of college, woodcut by Lossing. Norton; — William D. Kingsbury; — Chauncey A. Goodrich 2 ;— Eli Ives;— Eleazar T. Taylor 2 ;— Theodore D. Larned; — James D. Willard; Yale College, , etc. Series of Bible Prints on wood. Woodcut Portrait, aged 90, eng'd by Elias J. Whitney; — Another, eng'd by himself, with long biographical notice by B. Lossing; — Defeat of Gen. Tarleton and Wil- liam Franklin, etc.

Portraits of Napoleon Bonaparte; — Col. Tarleton; — William Franklin, Gov. Woodcut Portraits, Proofs on large paper. Steel plates from Annuals. History of the New Testament. Illus- trated by numerous copperplate engravings. New Haven, Contains numerous copperplates engraved by J. Barber, and colored by hand by his daughter ; a fine specimen of work of this class. John Murray; — Rev. Ed- ward Everett; — L. Gaylord Clark; — H. Wisner ; — P. Jackson; — Daniel Webster; — W. Channing, 2 different portraits; — Fanny Kemble.

Gaylord Clark 2 ;— Fitz-Greene Halleck. Probably an early effort of Cheney on stone. Vignette Heads and Plates for Annuals. Portraits of Ephraim Pea- body; — William B. Book Illustrations from Telemachus, pub. Gurdon Salton- stall, Gov. This and the two following portraits by Amos Doolittle were en- graved for Trumbull's History of Conn. First Minister of New Haven, until Steel plates from Byron.

Proofs on large paper, printed in blue ink. Engraved for the Ana- lectic Magazine. Freeman, May 1, Brilliant impression, much larger head than usually engraved by Edwin. Not in Clark Collection. Engraved for the Analectic Magazine. Johnson Darley, Mrs. Edwin from a painting by J. First state, original impres- sion.

Guerard, pinxt , Vienna, Edwin, sc. M Engraved for the Mirror of Taste. Modern impression, wide margins. Author of the American Ornithology. Title-pages designed and en- graved for the Analectic Magazine. Bible Prints on wood. Title-page to Delaplaine's Repository. En- graved by J. Portraits of Justice Black- stone; — Rev. John Clarke; — Ezra Stiles; — 4 illus- trations from Spectator. Portrait of Earl of Chatham and a book illustration.

John Lindsey ; — S. Osgood Wright; — Rev. Bedell 2 ; — Cherub ; — Two title-pages. Portrait of Josephus; — Title-page to Analectic and two book illustrations. Portraits of Napoleon and James Beattie and a frontispiece. Philip Dodd- ridge; — Rev. Samuel Buell; — Rev. John Flavel; — Rev. Gardner Thurston; — Rev. Eleazar Wheelock; — Rev. Samuel Hopkins; — Rev. Portraits of Oliver Wolcott; — Nehemiah R.

Knight; — View of Yale College. Four mezzotint plates for Annuals. Winterbotham ; — Victor Moreau ; — Rev. Steel plates for Annuals. Hills; — Pelton; — Durand; — A. Ellis; — Sartain; — J. Forrest; — Darley; — - S. Meriwether Lewis, after St. Engraved for Analectic Magazine.

Portrait of Thomas Jefferson. Portrait of John Howard, LL. Four book illustrations after Thomas Stothard; — View of Ballston. Portraits of Robert Burns fine ; — Rev. John Stanford; — The Lion and Horse. Portrait of John Trumbull; — R. Jesse Apple- ton, after J. Moring, engraved by G. Fisher of Yale, by S. Elias Smith, by H. Wright; — Sam'l Prentiss by G. John Flavel, by R. Smith;— Robert Burns, by Wm. Stan- ley, by Snyder. The Hon'ble Samuel Adams, Esq. First dele- gate to Congress for Mass.

Not in Clark sale. Three quarter length seated. Full bust to right. Portraits of, engraved by G. Croll; — and published by G. Political writer, and publisher. Portraits engraved by D. Mardon; — Sketch after Malbone, heliotype. Portraits of, engraved by E. Scriven, Welmore, John Sartain; — J. Forrest; — Otsego Hall, etc. Portraits of, engraved by H. India proof by O. Upham, private plate; — Old Manse, etched by E. Portraits of, engraved by J. Three portraits; — The Old Manse; — Birthplace.

Jack- man; — H. Smith and two others; — Holmes House, Cambridge, tinted lithgoraph. James Jarvis, , J. Portraits of, engraved by Danforth, John Sartain, G. Hall 2 , Chappel, J. Irving; — Views of Sunnyside, etc. Full bust to front. Sully, eng'd by Samuel Sartain. Eicholtz, ;— JacobS. Waln brother of Robert.

Painted by Henry Inman. Engraved by Samuel Sartain. India proof before letters, half length. Proof on India paper, 4 0 , with wide margins. Three different portraits; — Birthplace of J. Whittier, Haverhill, lithograph; — Another view, woodcut, proof. Thaddeus Mason Harris, proof; — Gov. Ken- nedy 4 ;— Orpheus C. Kimball 2 ; — Alonzo Lewis 2 ; — Jona. Leonard ; — Mary A. Liver- more; — Gov. Fisher Ames; — R.

Arthur;— John Allen ; — F. Browne; — Park Benja- min; — E. Burnham; — Sam'l Bowles; — J. Brain- erd; — H. John Neal, etched by C. Whipple, proof ; —Peter Whitney;— R. Wirt 2 ;— Eli Whitney 2 ; — Mr. Winn of Woburn, private plate; — Woburn Library, etching; — Sam. Williams; — Noah Webster; — Geo. Smith; — Bishop Cheverus; — Samuel Willard. John Lovell, Boston Schoolmaster, only portrait engraved; — Rev. Means, proof; — Henry Morris; — Geo.

Moore; — Horace Mann 2 ; — Sam'l F. Muhlenburg; — Valentine Mott; — Jos. May; — Robert Morris; — Alex. McKenzie; — John Mitchell; — Geo.

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Morris 2 ; — Joseph C. Hayne; — Brett Harte; — W. Howells; — Mark Hopkins; — D. Humphreys 2 ; — Fitz Greene Halleck 3 ; — C. Hoffman; — Francis Hopkinson; — J. Holland 2 ; — Joseph Henry; — Prof. Horsford 2 private plates ; — S. Cox; — Mathew Carey; — C. Curtis 2 ;— Jere. Griswold 2 ; — Nath. Greene 2 — W.

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Goodrich 4 ; — S. Bene- dict;— Horace Bushnell;— J. Bell; Henry Barnard ; — J. Barlow 3 ; — J. Duyckinck ; — G. Duyckinck; — Timothy Dwight 2 ; — Capt. Amasa Delano; — R. Dana 2 ; — George L. Cozzens 3 ; — George H. Clark ;— William Cliffton 2 ; — J. Cush- ing; — Joseph Cook; — W. Crosby; — George W. Childs 2 ; — Henry C. Felton 2 ; — James T. Fields; — John W. Francis; — Philip Freneau; — Sumner L. Forney; — Calvin Fairbanks; — Theo- dore S. Fay; — Charles L.

The Princeton Handbook of Poetic Terms: Third Edition by Roland Greene,Stephen Cushman PDF

Flint; — George R. Gough 2 ;— G. It is putatively encoded by a single gene, and the protein has been identified as a putative porin. Protein modeling revealed the existence of several domains sharing similarity to different porins , such as a transmembrane beta-barrel. The protein has been designated BLpp, for Bradyrhizobium sp. Lupinus putative porin , and would be the first porin described in Bradyrhizobium sp. In addition, a putative conserved domain of porins has been identified which consists of 87 amino acids, located in the BLpp sequence 30 amino acids downstream of the N-terminal region.

In bacteroids, mRNA of the BLpp gene shows a basal constitutive expression that increases under glyphosate treatment, and the expression of the gene is seemingly regulated at the transcriptional level. By contrast, in free-living bacteria glyphosate treatment leads to an inhibition of BLpp mRNA accumulation, indicating a different effect of glyphosate on BLpp gene expression in bacteroids and free-living bacteria. The possible role of BLpp in a metabolite interchange between Bradyrhizobium and lupin is discussed. Treatment options for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae CRE are limited.

Resistance gene profiles and presence of major porin gene disruptions were ascertained by whole genome sequencing. Amide side chain amphiphilic polymers disrupt surface established bacterial bio-films and protect mice from chronic Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Bacterial biofilms represent the root-cause of chronic or persistent infections in humans. Gram-negative bacterial infections due to nosocomial and opportunistic pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii are more difficult to treat because of their inherent and rapidly acquiring resistance to antibiotics.

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Due to biofilm formation, A. Here we report, maleic anhydride based novel cationic polymers appended with amide side chains that disrupt surface established multi-drug resistant A. The polymers also show potent antibacterial efficacy against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA , vancomycin resistant Enterococci VRE and multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of A.

We observe that optimal hydrophobicity dependent on the side chain chemical structure of these polymers dictate the selective toxicity to bacteria. Polymers interact with the bacterial cell membranes by causing membrane depolarization, permeabilization and energy depletion. Bacteria develop rapid resistance to erythromycin and colistin whereas no detectable development of resistance occurs against these polymers even after several passages. These results suggest the potential use of these polymeric biomaterials in disinfecting biomedical device surfaces after the infection has become established and also for the topical treatment of chronic bacterial infections.

Disruption of bacterial balance in the gut of Portunus trituberculatus induced by Vibrio alginolyticus infection. Gut microbiota impacts the health of crustaceans. Vibrio alginolyticus is a main causative pathogen that induces the vibriosis in farmed swimming crabs, Portunus trituberculatus. However, it remains unknown whether gut bacteria perform functions during the progression of vibriosis. In this study, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to investigate temporal alteration of gut bacterial community in swimming crabs in response to h V.

Our results show that V. Such changes were highlighted by the overwhelming overabundance of Vibrio and a signifi cant fluctuation in the gut bacteria including the bacteria with high relative abundance and especially those with low relative abundance. These findings reveal that crab vibriosis gradually develops with the infection time of V.

This work contributes to our appreciation of the importance of the balance of gut bacterial community structure in maintaining the health of crustaceans. The results of this study demonstrate that heterologous expression of Bacillus sp. AiiA lactonases in B. Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumococcal meningitis is a common bacterial infection of the brain.

The cholesterol-dependent cytolysin pneumolysin represents a key factor, determining the neuropathogenic potential of the pneumococci. Here, we demonstrate selective synaptic loss within the superficial layers of the frontal neocortex of post-mortem brain samples from individuals with pneumococcal meningitis. A similar effect was observed in mice with pneumococcal meningitis only when the bacteria expressed the pore-forming cholesterol-dependent cytolysin pneumolysin. Exposure of acute mouse brain slices to only pore-competent pneumolysin at disease-relevant, non-lytic concentrations caused permanent dendritic swelling, dendritic spine elimination and synaptic loss.

Pneumolysin increased glutamate levels within the mouse brain slices. In mouse astrocytes, pneumolysin initiated the release of glutamate in a calcium-dependent manner. We propose that pneumolysin plays a significant synapto- and dendritotoxic role in pneumococcal meningitis by initiating glutamate release from astrocytes, leading to subsequent glutamate-dependent synaptic damage. We outline for the first time the occurrence of synaptic pathology in pneumococcal meningitis and demonstrate that a bacterial cytolysin can dysregulate the control of glutamate in the brain, inducing excitotoxic damage.

Surface-grown bacteria and production of an extracellular polymeric matrix modulate the assembly of highly cohesive and firmly attached biofilms, making them difficult to remove from solid surfaces. Inhibition of cell growth and inactivation of matrix-producing bacteria can impair biofilm formation and facilitate removal.

Here, we developed a novel nonleachable antibacterial composite with potent antibiofilm activity by directly incorporating polymerizable imidazolium-containing resin antibacterial resin with carbonate linkage; ABR-C into a methacrylate-based scaffold ABR-modified composite; ABR-MC using an efficient yet simplified chemistry. The antibiofilm properties of ABR-MC were assessed using an exopolysaccharide-matrix-producing EPS-matrix-producing oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans in an experimental biofilm model.

Using high-resolution confocal fluorescence imaging and biophysical methods, we observed remarkable disruption of bacterial accumulation and defective 3D matrix structure on the surface of ABR-MC. Specifically, the antibacterial composite impaired the ability of S. Biofilm topology analyses on the control composite revealed a highly organized and weblike EPS structure that tethers the bacterial clusters to each other and to the surface, forming a highly cohesive unit.

In contrast, such a structured matrix was absent on the surface of ABR-MC with mostly sparse and amorphous EPS, indicating disruption in the biofilm physical stability. Consistent with lack of structural organization, the defective biofilm on the surface of ABR-MC was readily detached when subjected to low shear. In Gram-negative bacteria, the lack or quenching of antibiotic translocation across the outer membrane is one of the main factors for acquiring antibiotic resistance.

An atomic-level comprehension of the key features governing the transport of drugs by outer-membrane protein channels would be very helpful in developing the next generation of antibiotics. In a previous study [ J. Here, we evaluate the diffusion route through the OmpC porin for a similar fluoroquinolone, that is, the enrofloxacin molecule, using the previously developed protocol. As a result, it was found that the lowest-energy pathway was similar to that for ciprofloxacin; namely, a reorientation was required on the extracellular side with the carboxyl group ahead before enrofloxacin reached the constriction region.

In turn, the free-energy basins for both antibiotics are located at similar positions in the space defined by selected reaction coordinates, and their affinity sites share a wide number of porin residues. However, there are some important deviations due to the chemical differences of these two drugs. On the one hand, a slower diffusion process is expected for enrofloxacin, as the permeation pathway exhibits higher overall energy barriers, mainly in the constriction region.

On the other hand, enrofloxacin needs to replace some polar interactions in its affinity sites with nonpolar ones. This study demonstrates how minor chemical modifications can qualitatively affect the translocation mechanism of an antibiotic molecule. Since the banning of several families of compounds in antifouling AF coatings, the search for environmentally friendly AF compounds has intensified.

Natural sources of AF compounds have been identified in marine organisms and can be used to create analogues in laboratory. In a previous study, we identified that dibromohemibastadin-1 DBHB is a promising AF molecule, leading to the inhibition of the activity of phenoloxidase, an enzyme involved in the attachment of mussels to surfaces. This paper describes the activity of the DBHB on biofilm formation and its detachment and on bacterial adhesion and communication: This compound is a promising environmentally friendly molecule potentially useful for the inhibition of microfouling.

Molecular characterization of a 40 kDa OmpC-like porin from Serratia marcescens. An oligonucleotide that encodes the N-terminal portion of a 41 kDa porin of Serratia marcescens was used to probe S. An 11 kb EcoRI fragment which hybridized with the oligonucleotide was subcloned into Escherichia coli, examined for expression, and sequenced. The product expressed by the cloned gene was 40 kDa.

The nucleotide sequence has an ORF of 1. When the deduced amino acid sequence was aligned and compared to other enterobacterial porins the cloned S. Although we did not detect osmoregulation or thermoregulation of any porins in S. We examined the regulation of the S. A micF gene, whose transcriptional product functions to inhibit synthesis of OmpF by hybridizing with the ompF transcript, was also seen upstream of the S.

An alignment with the E. Based on the results obtained we have determined that S. Can Antibiotic Combinations Overcome Resistance? Using 10 isolates of KPC-possessing Klebsiella pneumoniae, we assessed the relationship between imipenem-relebactam minimum inhibitory concentrations MICs and mechanisms known to contribute to antimicrobial resistance. The effect of adding a second agent was assessed by time-kill experiments. Time-kill studies were performed using combinations of imipenem-relebactam with polymyxin B, amikacin, or tigecycline.

Seven isolates having a disruption in a single porin , or in neither porin , remained susceptible to imipenem-relebactam. The addition of a second agent did not improve the activity of imipenem-relebactam for these isolates, although the addition of tigecycline was antagonistic for three isolates. These isolates were also resistant to polymyxin B and amikacin. The addition of amikacin provided both synergistic and bactericidal activity for the two more resistant isolates. The activity of imipenem-relebactam against K. Combining imipenem-relebactam with an aminoglycoside may be a promising approach for isolates with reduced susceptibility to imipenem-relebactam.

Exchangeability of N termini in the ligand-gated porins of Escherichia coli. The ferric siderophore transporters of the Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane manifest a unique architecture: Their N termini fold into a globular domain that lodges within, and physically obstructs, a transmembrane porin beta-barrel formed by their C termini.

We exchanged and deleted the N termini of two such siderophore receptors, FepA and FhuA, which recognize and transport ferric enterobactin and ferrichrome, respectively. The resultant chimeric proteins and empty beta-barrels avidly bound appropriate ligands, including iron complexes, protein toxins, and viruses. Thus, the ability to recognize and discriminate these molecules fully originates in the transmembrane beta-barrel domain.


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Both the hybrid and the deletion proteins also transported the ferric siderophore that they bound. The FepA constructs showed less transport activity than wild type receptor protein, but the FhuA constructs functioned with turnover numbers that were equivalent to wild type. The mutant proteins displayed the full range of transport functionalities, despite their aberrant or missing N termini, confirming Braun, M. These and other data suggest a transport process in which siderophore receptors undergo multiple conformational states that ultimately expel the N terminus from the channel concomitant with solute internalization.

Enlightening mineral iron sensing in Pseudomonas fluorescens by surface active maghemite nanoparticles: Involvement of the OprF porin. Mineral iron III recognition by bacteria is considered a matter of debate. Culture broths and nano-bio-conjugates were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

The whole heritage of a membrane porin OprF of P. The binding of nanoparticles to OprF porin was correlated to a drastic inhibition of a siderophore pyoverdine biosynthesis and to the stimulation of the production and rate of formation of a secondary siderophore. The analysis of metabolic pathways, based on P. In the scenario of an adhesion mechanism, it is plausible to consider OprF as the biological component deputed to the mineral iron sensing in P.

The present work sheds light on mineral iron sensing in microorganisms. Peculiar colloidal naked iron oxide nanoparticles offer a useful approach for probing the adhesion of bacterial surface on mineral iron for the identification of the specific recognition site for this iron uptake regulation in microorganisms. A trans-outer membrane porin -cytochrome protein complex for extracellular electron transfer by Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA.

The multiheme, outer membrane c-type cytochrome c-Cyt OmcB of Geobacter sulfurreducens was previously proposed to mediate electron transfer across the outer membrane. However, the underlying mechanism has remained uncharacterized. The pcc clusters were found in all eight sequenced Geobacter and 11 other bacterial genomes from six different phyla, demonstrating a widespread distribution of Pcc protein complexes in phylogenetically diverse bacteria.

Finally, complementation with the ombB-omaB-omcB gene cluster restored the ability of G. Lysozymes are enzymes that break down the bacterial cell wall…. An adaptive response of Enterobacter aerogenes to imipenem: Imipenem IPM is a carbapenem antibiotic frequently used in severe hospital infections. Several reports have mentioned the emergence of resistant isolates exhibiting membrane modifications. A study was conducted between September and August to survey infections due to Enterobacter aerogenes in patients hospitalised in a French university hospital.

Among the patients infected with E. The isolates from these 17 patients presented TEM and basal efflux expression. Finally, a porin deficiency Omp35 and Omp36 absence was detected in IPM-R isolates associated with efflux pump expression. This study indicates that the alteration in porin expression, including the shift of porin expression and lack of porins , contribute to the E. Biophysical characterization of OprB, a glucose-inducible porin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. OprB, a glucose-inducible porin of P. Values obtained from black lipid bilayer analysis were compared to those previously obtained for OprB of P.

Immunological and amino terminal sequence analysis revealed a high degree of homology. Of the first 14 amino terminal residues, 12 were identical. A major difference between the two porins was found in their ion selectivity. Electron crystallography of PhoE porin , an outer membrane, channel- forming protein from E.

One approach to studying the structure of membrane proteins is the use of electron crystallography. Bing Jap has crystallized PhoE pore-forming protein porin from the outer membrane of escherichia coli E. The findings of this research and those of Jap , have determined these crystals to be highly ordered, yielding structural information to a resolution of better than 2. The task of this thesis has been to collect and process the electron diffraction patterns necessary to generate a complete three-dimensional set of high resolution structure factor amplitudes of PhoE porin.

The OprB porin plays a central role in carbohydrate uptake in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using interposon mutagenesis, we have generated strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which lack or overexpress the substrate-selective OprB porin of this species. A marked decrease or increase in the initial uptake of glucose by these strains verified the role of OprB in facilitating the diffusion of glucose across the outer membrane of P.

However, we also demonstrated that the loss or overexpression of OprB had a similar effect on the uptake of three other sugars able to support the growth of this bacterium mannitol, glycerol, and fructose. This effect was restricted to carbohydrate transport; arginine uptake was identical in mutant and wild-type strains. These results indicated that OprB cannot be considered strictly a glucose-selective porin ; rather, it acts as a central component of carbohydrate transport and is more accurately described as a carbohydrate-selective porin.

A halotolerant thermostable lipase from the marine bacterium Oceanobacillus sp. PUMB02 with an ability to disrupt bacterial biofilms. A halotolerant thermostable lipase was purified and characterized from the marine bacterium Oceanobacillus sp. This lipase displayed a high degree of stability over a wide range of conditions including pH, salinity, and temperature. Conditions for enhanced production of lipase by Oceanobacillus sp. PUMB02 were attained in response surface method-guided optimization with factors such as olive oil, sucrose, potassium chromate, and NaCl being evaluated, resulting in levels of The biofilm disruption potential of the PUMB02 lipase was evaluated and compared with a marine sponge metagenome derived halotolerant lipase Lpc53E1.

Good biofilm disruption activity was observed with both lipases against potential food pathogens such as Bacillus cereus MTCC, Listeria sp. Phase contrast microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy showed very effective disruption of pathogenic biofilms. This study reveals that marine derived hydrolytic enzymes such as lipases may have potential utility in inhibiting biofilm formation in a food processing environment and is the first report of the potential application of lipases from the genus Oceanobacillus in biofilm disruption strategies.

On the targeting and membrane assembly of the Escherichia coli outer membrane porin , PhoE. Within gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, the outer membrane porins provide a relatively non-specific uptake route which is utilised by a wide range of solutes including many antibiotics.

Understanding the targeting and membrane assembly of these proteins is therefore of importance and this mini review aims to discuss this process in light of present knowledge. The outer membrane protein PorB of Neisseria meningitidis is a pore-forming protein which has various effects on eukaryotic cells.

As an outer membrane protein, its native trimeric form isolation is complicated by its insoluble nature, requiring the presence of detergent throughout the whole procedure, and by its tight association with other outer membrane components, such as neisserial LOS or lipoproteins. In this study, an improved chromatographic purification method to obtain an homogeneous product free of endotoxin and lipoprotein is described, without loss of any of the above-mentioned properties of the porin.

Furthermore, we have investigated the requirement of the native trimeric structure for the porin 's activity. Inactivation of functional PorB trimers into non-functional monomers was achieved by incubation on ice. Thus, routine long- and medium-term storage at low temperature may be a cause of porin inactivation. Channel specificity and secondary structure of the glucose-inducible porins of Pseudomonas spp.

The OprB porin -mediated glucose transport system was investigated in Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Burkholderia cepacia, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Kinetic studies of [UC]glucose uptake revealed an inducible system of low Km values 0. OprB homologs were purified and reconstituted into proteoliposomes. The porin function and channel preference for glucose were demonstrated by liposome swelling assays. Examination of the periplasmic glucose-binding protein GBP components by Western immunoblotting using P.

These findings suggest that the high-affinity glucose transport system is primarily specific for glucose and well conserved in the genus Pseudomonas although its outer membrane component may differ in channel architecture and specificity for other carbohydrates. Characterization of the porins of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli and implications for antibiotic susceptibility. This heat-modifiable protein was shown to have pore-forming activity in black lipid bilayers. There was no evidence of oligomer formation, which suggested that each protein monomer formed a pore.

Pore-forming activity of the C. These results confirmed the cation selectivity of both pores. A review of the literature concerning in vitro screening of antimicrobial agents tended to confirm the low permeability of the C. The porins of C. Plant innate immunity is composed of two layers. In addition, effector-triggered immunity ETI linked with programmed cell death and cytoskeletal reorganization can be induced by pathogen-derived factors, such as the Harpin proteins originating from phytopathogenic bacteria.

To get insight into the link between cytoskeleton and PTI or ETI, this study followed the responses of actin filaments and microtubules to flg22 and HrpZ in vivo by spinning-disc confocal microscopy in GFP-tagged marker lines of tobacco BY At a concentration that clearly impairs mitosis, flg22 can induce only subtle cytoskeletal responses. Riemerella anatipestifer is an important pathogen that causes septicemia anserum exsudativa in ducks.

Lipopolysaccharide LPS is considered to be a major virulence factor of R. To identify genes involved in LPS biosynthesis, we screened a library of random Tn transposon mutants using a monoclonal antibody against R. In addition, RA showed higher susceptibility to complement-dependent killing, more than fold attenuated virulence based on the median lethal dose determination, increased bacterial adhesion and invasion capacities to Vero cells and significantly decreased blood bacterial loads in RA infected ducks, when compared to the CH3.

An animal experiment indicated that inactivated RA cells was effective in cross-protecting of the ducks from challenging with R. Antibiofilm activity of several human defensin analogs that have the ability to kill planktonic bacteria, against pre-established biofilms of Escherichia coli MG and Staphylococcus aureus NCTC were examined. Linear and linear fatty acylated analogs did not show any activity while disulfide constrained analogs disrupted pre-established S.

Among the analogs tested, only the d-enantiomer [d]hBTD-1 showed activity against E. Our study provides insights into the structural requirements for the eradication of pre-established biofilms in defensin analogs. The OmpL porin does not modulate redox potential in the periplasmic space of Escherichia coli. The Escherichia coli DsbA protein is the major oxidative catalyst in the periplasm. They showed that OmpL is a porin and hypothesized that ompL null mutations exert their suppressive effect by preventing efflux of a putative oxidizing-reducing compound into the medium.

We have repeated these experiments using two different ompL null alleles in at least three different E. Also, we show that, contrary to earlier results, ompL null mutations alone do not result in partial DTT sensitivity or partial motility, nor do they appreciably affect bacterial growth rates or block propagation of the male-specific bacteriophage M Thus, our findings clearly demonstrate that ompL plays no perceptible role in modulating redox potential in the periplasm of E.

Large-scale purification and biochemical characterization of crystallization-grade porin protein P from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A large-scale purification scheme was developed for lipopolysaccharide-free protein P, the phosphate-starvation-inducible outer-membrane porin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This highly purified protein P was used to successfully form hexagonal crystals in the presence of n-octyl-beta-glucopyranoside. The amino-terminal sequence of this protein, although not homologous to either outer membrane protein, PhoE or OmpF, of Escherichia coli, was found to have an analogous protein-folding pattern.

Protein P in the native trimer form was capable of maintaining a stable functional trimer after proteinase cleavage. This suggested the existence of a strongly associated tertiary and quaternary structure. Circular dichroism studies confirmed these results in that a large proportion of the protein structure was determined to be beta-sheet and resistant to acid pH and heating in 0.

Copper Cu is an essential micronutrient for all aerobic forms of life. In gram-negative bacteria, Cu uptake is an unexplored component of a finely regulated trafficking network, mediated by protein-protein interactions that deliver Cu to target proteins and efflux surplus metal to avoid toxicity. Rhizobium etliCFN42 is a facultative symbiotic diazotroph that must ensure its appropriate Cu supply for living either free in the soil or as an intracellular symbiont of leguminous plants.

In crop fields, rhizobia have to contend with copper-based fungicides. In support of this hypothesis, the functional characterization of ropAe revealed that: I gene disruption increased copper tolerance of the mutant, and its complementation with the wild-type gene restored its wild-type copper sensitivity; II the ropAe gene maintains a low basal transcription level in copper overload, but is upregulated when copper is scarce; III disruption of ropAe in an actP copA mutant background, defective in copper efflux, partially reduced its copper sensitivity phenotype.

Orthologs of RopAe are highly conserved in the Rhizobiales order, poorly conserved in other alpha proteobacteria and phylogenetically unrelated to characterized porins involved in Cu or Mn uptake. Transposon-mediated random gene disruption with moderate halophilic bacteria and its application for halophilic bacterial siderophore analysis. Analytical conditions using chromo azurol S was validated for quantification of siderophore in aqueous samples, followed by the characterization of siderophore derived from newly isolated moderately halophilic bacteria. Of the halophilic bacteria isolated from Tunisian soil, Halomonas sp.

The strain produced siderophore significantly in the absence of iron in minimal medium.

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Siderophore-deficient mutant, namely IIa10, of the strain 21a was obtained from gene disruptant library constructed using transposon complex by electroporation. Genomic sequence analysis of the mutant IIa10 revealed that the transposon-inserted gene was TonB-dependent receptor. An outer membrane protein porin as an eliciting antigen for delayed-type hypersensitivity in murine salmonellosis. The porin , an outer membrane protein of Salmonella typhimurium, was found to be a suitable antigen for eliciting delayed-type hypersensitivity in mouse salmonellosis.

Histological examination of the reaction site revealed that the porin was superior to other antigenic preparations in eliciting a typical delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction consisting of mononuclear cell infiltration without polymorphonuclear cell contamination. This study indicates the importance of using a suitable protein antigen from S. Structure of the membrane channel porin from Rhodopseudomonas blastica at 2. The crystal structure of a membrane channel, homotrimeric porin from Rhodopseudomonas blastica has been determined at 2. The current model has an R-factor of The partial protein sequence and subsequently the complete DNA sequence were determined.

The general architecture is similar to those of the structurally known porins. As a particular feature there are 3 adjacent binding sites for n-alkyl chains at the molecular 3-fold axis. The side chain arrangement in the channel indicates a transverse electric field across each of the 3 pore eyelets, which may explain the discrimination against nonpolar solutes. Possibly, these residues shield the polypeptide conformation against adverse membrane fluctuations. Direct observation of gold nanoparticle assemblies with the porin MspA on mica.

The octameric porin MspA from Mycobacterium smegmatis is sufficiently stable to form a nonmembrane-supported stand-alone porin on mica surfaces. These experiments demonstrate that gold nanoparticles can be positioned at different, well-defined distances from the underlying surface using the MspA pore as a template.

These findings represent a significant step toward the use of electrically insulating stable proteins in combination with metal nanoparticles in nanodevices. The octameric porin MspA from Mycobacterium smegmatis is sufficiently stable to form a non-membrane-supported stand-alone porin on Mica surfaces. These findings represent a significant step towards the use of electrically insulating stable proteins in combination with metal nanoparticles in nanodevices. A22 disrupts the bacterial actin cytoskeleton by directly binding and inducing a low-affinity state in MreB.

S- 3,4-Dichlorobenzyl isothiourea A22 disrupts the actin cytoskeleton of bacteria, causing defects of morphology and chromosome segregation. Previous studies have suggested that the actin homologue MreB itself is the target of A22, but there has been no direct observation of A22 binding to MreB and no mechanistic explanation of its mode of action. We show that A22 binds MreB with at least micromolar affinity in its nucleotide-binding pocket in a manner that is sterically incompatible with simultaneous ATP binding.

A22 negatively affects both the time course and extent of MreB polymerization in vitro in the presence of ATP. A22 prevents assembly of MreB into long, rigid polymers, as determined by both fluorescence microscopy and sedimentation assays. Abound MreB is capable of polymerization, but with assembly properties that more closely resemble those of the ADP-bound state. Because the cellular concentration of MreB is in the low micromolar range, this mechanism explains the ability of A22 to largely disassemble the actin cytoskeleton in bacterial cells. It also represents a novel mode of action for a cytoskeletal drug and the first biochemical characterization of the interaction between a small molecule inhibitor of the bacterial cytoskeleton and its target.

Assessing the efficacy of vesicle fusion with planar membrane arrays using a mitochondrial porin as reporter. Reconstitution of functionally active membrane protein into artificially made lipid bilayers is a challenge that must be overcome to create a membrane-based biomimetic sensor and separation device. In this study we address the efficacy of proteoliposome fusion with planar membrane arrays. We use electrical conductance measurements and fluorescence microscopy to characterize proteoliposome fusion with an array of planar membranes.

We show that protein reconstitution in biomimetic membrane arrays may be quantified using the developed FomA assay. Specifically, we show that FomA vesicles are inherently fusigenic. This novel assay for quantifying protein delivery into lipid bilayers may be a useful tool in developing biomimetic membrane applications. Clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to carbapenems and essentially all other antibiotics multidrug resistant are being isolated from some hospitals in New York City with increasing frequency. A highly related pair of K. Both isolates contained an identical class 1 integron encoding resistance to aminoglycosides and chloramphenicol.

They each had identical insertions in ompK35 and ompK36, resulting in disruption of these key porin genes. No changes were detected between the isolates except for a significant down-regulation of ompK37, phoB, and phoE in KP-2 as deduced from reverse transcription-PCR analysis of mRNA and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separation of outer membrane proteins.