The Protestant; a tale of the reign of Queen Mary V3

Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December – 8 February ), also known as Mary Stuart, reigned over Scotland from 14 December to 24 July A popular legend, first recorded by John Knox, states that James, hearing on his deathbed . Scotland was torn between Catholic and Protestant factions, and Mary's.
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Religious persecution lasted nearly four years, in which scores of Protestant leaders were executed. Others were forced into exile, while about remained in the country. Some of those who were executed include: Detail of an illustration from the "Book of Martyrs" by John Fox, depicting the preparations prior to the burning at the stake of Hugh Latimer and Nicholas Ridley. But Mary stood firm and on July 25, , just two days after they met, Mary and Philip were wed. At the time Phillip was 26 and Mary 37 years old. For him it was a mere marriage of state, but she really loved him.

On her chest you can see the famous pearl "La Peregrina" on the necklace that Philip II gave her in on the occasion of their marriage. The parliament could only be convened under their joint authority as well. Coins with the effigy of both were also made. Three months after their wedding, Mary began to suspect she was pregnant and her belly began to grow.

The Baldwin Project: The Tudors and the Stuarts by M. B. Synge

However, doctors attributed this to an inflammation due to the retention of liquids. Subsequently she suffered yet another false pregnancy, which was speculated to be due to the pressure to produce an heir, even though her symptoms - which included the secretion of breast milk and vision-loss, seem to suggest some kind of hormonal disorder, motivated possibly by a tumor of the pituitary gland. The couple lived alone for about 15 months. Thus the Church accepted the link between the kingdoms of England and Ireland.

Mary I (1516 - 1558)

Mary and would never see him again. But in January , the French captured the city in a surprise attack.

Then the Protestant faction, given that she had violated the marriage contract for the declaration of war on France at the request of Philip II , launched a campaign opposing the Queen - filling the streets with pamphlets that ignited anger against the Spaniards. The loss of Calais, famine caused by a series of poor harvests, and a new flu epidemic ravaging the country did not bode well for Mary. The French take Calais in Spanish jealously guarded their income, and because of her marriage to Philip, Mary could not approve piracy against the Spanish vessels.

In addition, persistent rains and floods caused a famine that devastated the country. That is, the absence of duties on imports neglected a key source of income. To solve this problem, Mary drew up plans to carry out a monetary reform, but it was not put into practice until after her death.

Her health gradually worsened and it became necessary to think about succession. Ruling that her husband would never have agreed to take the reins of England, preferences were then given to her sister Elizabeth to succeed her.

Mary I: Early Life

In it she appointed her sister Elizabeth as her successor, with the fervent hope that she would abandon Protestantism. Also in her will she expressed her desire to be buried next to her mother, Catherine of Aragon. Years later, her sister Elizabeth who restored Protestantism in England upon taking the throne, would rest beside her. Some have argued that the Protestant Queen Elizabeth I only became queen due to her older sister, the Catholic Mary, who despite remarkable ideological differences eventually protected the inheritance rights of her sister to the throne of England.

Detail of Portrait of Mary Tudor. Oil on panel by Antonio Moro.

A Rapid Loss of Popularity Due to Religious Reform

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Bloody Mary: The Marriage, Reign, and Death of a Queen of England

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Notify me when new comments are posted. Replies to my comment. More information about text formats. Mary, however, remained a devout Catholic. When it became clear that Edward was dying, Northumberland made plans for his daughter-in-law, Lady Jane Grey, to take the throne in Mary's place. On Edward's death in , Jane was briefly acclaimed queen. But Mary had widespread popular support and within days made a triumphal entry into London.

Reign - Mary Stuart's execution

Neither policy was popular. Philip was Spanish and therefore distrusted, and many in England now had a vested interest in the prosperity of the Protestant church, having received church lands and money after Henry dissolved the monasteries. In , Mary crushed a rebellion led by Sir Thomas Wyatt. Making the most of her advantage, she married Philip, pressed on with the restoration of Catholicism and revived the laws against heresy. Over the next three years, hundreds of Protestants were burned at the stake. This provoked disillusionment with Mary, deepened by an unsuccessful war against France which led to the loss of Calais, England's last possession in France, in January Childless, sick and deserted by Philip, Mary died on 17 November Her hopes for a Catholic England died with her.

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