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Editorial Reviews. Review. `There are many general insights into Italian politics to be gleaned from this study, not least the revealing and often fascinating.
Table of contents

Political parties in Italy are numerous and since World War II no party has ever gained enough support to govern alone. Parties thus form political alliances and coalition governments.

Italian PM raises hopes of coalition government by end of the week

In the general election three groupings obtained most of the votes and most of the seats in the two houses of the Italian Parliament : a centre-right coalition , composed of the League , Forza Italia , the Brothers of Italy and minor allies; the anti-establishment Five Star Movement ; a centre-left coalition , composed of the Democratic Party and minor allies. Between and , Italian politics was dominated by two major parties: Christian Democracy , the main party of government, and the Italian Communist Party , the main opposition party. The other opposition party was the post-fascist Italian Social Movement.

For 46 consecutive years, the Christian Democrats led the government except for five years. Between and , they led a coalition government with the Socialists, the Republicans, the Democratic Socialists and the Liberals.

That was the time when several northern regional parties demanding autonomy organised themselves at the regional level. In they federated themselves into the Northern League , which became the country's fourth largest party in the general election. In —94, the political system was shaken by a series of corruption scandals known collectively as Tangentopoli. These events led to the disappearance of the five parties of government. Consequently, the Communists, who had evolved to become Democratic Party of the Left in , and the post-fascists, who launched National Alliance in , gained strength.

Following the general election , media tycoon Silvio Berlusconi became Prime Minister at the head of a coalition composed mainly of three parties: his brand-new party Forza Italia joined by several members of the former mainstream parties , National Alliance and the Northern League. Between and , Italian political parties were organised into two big coalitions, the centre-right Pole for Freedoms which was renamed House of Freedoms after the re-entry of the Northern League in and The Olive Tree part of the new, broader coalition The Union in on the centre-left.

The latter governed from to and again between and , while the House of Freedoms was in government between and In The Union ceased to exist as the newly-founded Democratic Party decided to break the alliance with its left-wing partners, notably including the Communist Refoundation Party. On the centre-right, Forza Italia and National Alliance merged to form The People of Freedom , which continued the alliance with the Northern League and won the general election.

In the general election the party system was fragmented in four groupings: the centre-left composed of the Democratic Party and Left Ecology Freedom ; the traditional centre-right alliance between The People of Freedom and the Northern League; Beppe Grillo 's Five Star Movement ; and a new centrist coalition around Mario Monti 's Civic Choice.

In the general election the major groupings were reduced to three: the centre-right composed of the Northern League which was the coalition's largest party for the first time , Forza Italia, Brothers of Italy and minor allies; the Five Star Movement which was the most voted party ; the centre-left composed of the Democratic Party and minor allies.

Free and Equal , a new left-wing joint list whose main members were Article One and Italian Left, came a distant fourth. Parliamentary groups not directly connected to a political party or coalition of political parties:. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Italian Republic. Head of state. President list Sergio Mattarella.

In regional elections, voters cast two ballots. The first is cast in a contest for 80 percent of the seats in the regional council , which are awarded on a proportional basis. The second ballot is employed in a plurality vote; the regional coalition that wins a plurality is awarded all the remaining seats as well as the presidency of the regional government.

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Split voting is allowed. In provincial elections, only one vote is cast. If a single provincial list wins more than 50 percent of the votes, seats are divided among all the lists according to their proportion of the vote, and the presidency goes to the head of the winning list.

What Is the Five Star Movement?

Otherwise, a runoff election must take place between the two most successful lists, with the winner taking 60 percent of the seats. A similar system is employed in municipal elections in cities with more than 15, inhabitants. In this case, however, two ballots are cast, one for mayor and one for the council. Split voting is permitted. In smaller cities only one ballot is cast; the winning list is awarded two-thirds of the seats as well as the mayoralty. The DC, in various alliances with smaller parties of the centre and left, was the dominant governing party, and the principal opposition parties were the PCI and the MSI.

Politics of Italy

The postwar party system described above was radically altered by the fall of communism in the Soviet bloc in , by a wave of judicial prosecutions of corrupt officials that involved most Italian political parties, and finally by the electoral reforms of the s. Thus, the Italian political spectrum, which had previously been dominated by parties of the centre, became polarized between parties of the right and left. The political centre was left to be divided by various short-lived multiparty alliances—for example, at the turn of the 21st century, the centre-right House of Freedoms and the centre-left Olive Tree.

In a new centre-left party, known simply as the Democratic Party Partito Democratico , emerged when the DS merged with the centrist Daisy Margherita party. All citizens 18 years and older may vote. The turnout for elections in Italy is high, often reaching well over 80 percent of the electorate for parliamentary elections. Citizens may also subscribe to national referenda or petitions designed to abrogate a law or an executive order; such a petition must be signed by , members of the electorate or sponsored by five regional councils.