Design, Technology and the Development Process in the Built Environment (Built Environment Series of

This second book in the BEST series explores the fundamental generators and Design, Technology and the Development Process in the Built Environment.
Table of contents

Adequate housing and shelter have been recognised by the United Nations UN as a human right. All signatory countries to the Universal Declaration on Human Rights are enjoined to take steps to provide decent and adequate housing to their people. To this end, the UN has led and Urban renewal has evolved into an ambitious and sophisticated urban strategy, recognised as urban revitalisation in America and urban regeneration in Western Europe.

This new urban strategy, which tends to be area-based and state-sponsored, claims for the most part to coordinate a wide range From the s to the s, a large number of Western inner cities went through a phase of severe deprivation due to both a relocation of manufacturing jobs that in turn led to a depopulation, a lack of investment and high unemployment and to suburbanisation made possible by the While agglomerations along the Rhine are confronted with the uncertainties of an increasing flood risk due to climate change, different programs are claiming urban river front sites.

Simultaneously, urban development, flood management, as well as navigation and environmental protection are The rate of home-ownership has increased significantly in many countries over the past decades. One motivating factor for this increase has been the creation of wealth through the accumulation of housing equity, which also forms the basic tenet of the asset-based welfare system. The springing up of freeform architecture and structures introduces many challenges to structural engineers.

The main challenge is to generate structural forms with high structural efficiency subject to the architectural space constraints during the conceptual structural design process. As a result of the large amounts of CO2 emissions the built environment produces, it contributes immensely to climate change. Within the strategies developed to reduce anthropogenic CO2 emissions, getting buildings to an energy-neutral level is one of the main priorities. Paper is a fascinating material that we encounter every day in different variants: Despite radical changes in production technology, the material, which has been known to mankind for almost two thousand years, Nowadays, there are many geo-information data sources available such as maps on the Internet, in-car navigation devices and mobile apps.

All datasets used in these applications are the same in principle, and face the same issues, namely:. Humans perform many activities indoors and they show a growing need for indoor navigation, especially in unfamiliar buildings such as airports, museums and hospitals. Complexity of such buildings poses many challenges for building managers and visitors. Indoor navigation services play an Much is known about the increasing levels of energy consumption and environmental decay caused by the built environment.

Also, more and more attention is shown to the energy consumption of dwellings, from the early design stage until the occupants start living in them. The construction industry is known for its waste of money and materials, low innovative capacities, and low productivity Cox and Thompson, ; Vrijhoef, One reason is that the relationships between client and contractors is often perceived as a problematic one Tazelaar en Snijder, Following the UN world summits on Climate Change Paris and Habitat Quito , most European cities assume an active role to implement internationally agreed goals related to climate change, translated in the so-called New Urban Agenda.

At the same time, the urban housing market is Homes are renovated a number of times during their lifespan. Although we can regard each of these renovations as new, it is more prudent to implement a future-proof solution to renovation. Current renovation practice focuses on renovating to meet current demand. Many of the renovations are In the past decades, diversity has become a popular catchphrase in theoretical, policy and public discourses in Canadian cities. Preparation for fossil fuel substitution in the building sector persists as an essential subject in architectural engineering.

Since the building sector still remains as one of the three major global end energy consumer — climate change is closely related to construction and design.

In this study, the transformation of the form of nine cities in the Randstad between and in relation to changes in infrastructure is central, namely Utrecht, Dordrecht, Leiden, Haarlem, Delft, Gouda, Amsterdam, Rotterdam and The Hague. Within this time span three periods of great Potentials of a virtual environment for enhancing the creativity of architects have shaped this research.

There is no singular definition of creativity. In fact, there are more than different definitions of creativity according to different contexts and disciplines While the consideration of functional and technical criteria, as well as a sense of coherence, are basic requirements for solving a design problem; it is the ability to induce an intended quality of aesthetic experience that is the hallmark of design expertise.

Thin-walled glass fibre reinforced concrete GFRC panels are being used as the primary cladding material on many landmark buildings especially in the last decade. GFRC is an ideal material for building envelopes because it is durable, it can resist fire and the environmental impact The economic reform in China, launched in the late s, gradually promotes the free mobility of capital and labour between rural and urban areas, and between cities. The following housing market reform in the late s thoroughly terminates the socialist allocation of housing and introduces There is a growing public expectation that universities should start focusing on delivering sustainability.

The topic of sustainability in higher education has gathered a significant amount of interest from students, academics, governments and international organisations. Central to this PhD research was the problem of the lack of affordable housing for young starters in Malaysia. Hence, it was important to analyse the In climate-responsive design the building becomes an intermediary in its own energy housekeeping, forming a link between the harvest of climate resources and low energy provision of comfort. Essential here is the employment of climate-responsive building elements, defined as structural and There is something irrevocable in architecture.

In contrast with a painting or a musical play, one cannot alter an architectural work of art other than by blowing it up or pulling it down. Streets, buildings, squares and parks are part of the hard, physical environment in which we organize our If data are the building blocks to generate information needed to acquire knowledge and understanding, then geodata, i. Whereas these two innovations have been considered compatible, their practical Many delta and coastal cities worldwide face increasing flood risk due to changing climate conditions and sea level rise.

The question is how to develop measures and strategies for existing urban coastal areas that can anticipate these slowly changing conditions, such as gradually increasing The study of dynamic spatial and social phenomena in cities has evolved rapidly in the recent years, yielding new insights into urban dynamics.

This evolution is strongly related to the emergence of new sources of data for cities e. The focus was instruments available in the Netherlands in and This study is based on the fact that all people have a basic need for protection from other people and animals as well as from the elements the exterior climate.

People need a space in which they can withdraw from the rest of the world.

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The two states, inside and outside, public and The Dutch lowlands is an artificial landscape, created as a result of the wish to regulate the water that dominated the topography in the Delta. This dissertation reports a PhD research on mathematical-computational models, methods, and techniques for analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of spatial configurations in architecture and urban design. Spatial configuration is a technical term that refers to the particular way in which a set The aim of the research presented in this thesis is to design the characteristics of an Adaptive Thermal Comfort System for Dwellings to achieve a significantly better energy performance whilst not compromising the thermal comfort perception of the occupants.

An Adaptive Thermal Comfort System Technology campuses entail a variety of built environments developed to accommodate technology-driven research activities of multiple organisations. This thesis presents research into the possibilities for climate adaptation in Dutch urban areas. We want to know how cities can best prepare for extreme rainfall, droughts, and heat waves in future climates. These events are likely to become more frequent and more extreme.

The focus is on Iranian historic city cores are important parts of modern cities because of their valuable monuments and morphology but are also significant because of their population density, location and the major governmental functions they house. Since , modernisation policies and urban development Well into the twentieth century, brick and stone were the materials used. Bricklaying and stonemasonry were the construction technologies employed for the exterior walls of virtually all major structures. However, with the rise in quality of life, the massive walls alone became incapable of Enhancing our knowledge of the complexities of cities in order to empower ourselves to make more informed decisions has always been a challenge for urban research.

Recent developments in large-scale computing, together with the new techniques and automated tools for data collection and The larger agglomerations are a complex spatial configuration of places and flows that are polycentric by nature, or at least The necessity for transition in the energy sector is beyond dispute and high on the political agendas. Climate change, the depletion of fossil fuels and the vulnerability of economies to resource speculation and unreliable political systems in the producing countries lay path for a broad The research used several large datasets, about dwellings theoretical energy performance, most of which were related to energy label certificates.

All the datasets containing theoretical performance were merged with actual energy data.

In addition to that, some were also enriched with Just after World-War II building materials were scarce, architects and engineers had to design buildings using not much cement and steel. This study aims to increase our understanding of the role of social housing organisations in neighbourhood regeneration governance networks, in order to enhance the performance and outcomes of these networks. Our understanding of how governance networks work is still limited, especially This thesis proposes a framework for evaluating the mobility potential and performance of urban areas in the city region, as an instrument to support urban development that contributes positively to regional sustainable mobility objectives.

The research takes a quantitative approach, modelling It assesses the factors of urban morphology that contribute to increased rates of greenhouse gas emissions per capita, and the ways they interact. It finds a significant Landscape design research is important for cultivating spatial intelligence in landscape architecture. This study explores GIS geographic information systems as a tool for landscape design research - investigating landscape designs to understand them as architectonic compositions The ageing of their housing stock and the economic crisis, which has affected both their finances and the finances of their tenants, are testing their capacity to stick to their aim of providing decent and An enormous body of research has tried to measure neighbourhood effects, however, there The design of office buildings can substantially improve the building, social, and ecological performance of office building projects.

However, existing research on improving the performance of work environments has primarily focused on identifying and evaluating methods to make work The purpose of this research is to discover the needs a value assessment and the preceding research should fulfill, so that they may serve as a useful framework for the development and reviewing of a conservation plan for a monument.

This objective has been prompted by recent developments in How urban design can be described as a collective cognitive activity in a complex living environment; How urban designers move across scales in their search for coherence; How urban designers, while moving across scales, can be subject to a variety of For establishing main lines of their future development, governments on several levels of government prepare spatial development visions, for assessing individual plans and initiatives against the background of a desired direction of development.

Such strategic visions help to avoid the This doctoral thesis presents research on the integration and transfer of knowledge from the specialized field of urban microclimatology into the generic field of urban design. Both fields are studied in order to identify crosslinks and reveal gaps. The main research question of the research Climate change can no longer be ignored. It is globally recognised that the evidence for climate change is unequivocal and that action needs to be taken in order to address its negative effects. Navigation services have gained much importance for all kinds of human activities ranging from tourist navigation to support of rescue teams in disaster management.

However, despite the considerable amount of route guidance research that has been performed, many issues that are related to In its parallel pursuit of an increased competitivity for design offices and more pleasurable and easier workflows for designers, artificial design intelligence is a technical, intellectual, and political challenge.

While human-machine cooperation has become commonplace through Computer Aided Since the s China has experienced unprecedented urbanisation as a result of a series of reforms promoting rapid economic development. Since its origin, the railway station has had a complicated relationship with the city, demanding periodical updates, particularly regarding spatial issues.

With the aim of improving the liveability of station areas, current redevelopment projects are reconceptualising them as balanced UHI results in higher air temperatures in dense urban areas compared with their suburbs and rural surroundings. This phenomenon affects human health While most literature emphasises that the increasing magnitude of storm rainfall extends beyond The aim of this research is to provide an outline to address questions with regard to the transformation of planning in China that has occurred after the s. The starting point is to investigate to what These changes are transforming the way in which social housing providers perform their task and are reshaping their Recent deregulation of laws on hospital real estate in the Netherlands implies that healthcare institutions have more opportunities to make independent accommodation choices, but at the same time have themselves become responsible for the risks associated with the investment.

An understanding of cities as open systems whose agents act on them simultaneously from below and above, influencing urban processes by their interaction with them and with each other, is replacing the simplistic debate on urban participation which asks whether cities should be organized Previous experiences have shown that the implementation of planning policy does not always lead to the originally intended territorial management outcomes.

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The starting point of the research is the need to refurbish existing residential building stock, in order to reduce its energy demand, which accounts for over one fourth of the energy consumption in the European Union. Refurbishment is a necessary step to reach the ambitious energy and This dissertation is the reflection of the research study into urban planning structures of historic industrial complexes.

Spatial planning is increasingly being considered as an important mechanism in coping with flood risk due to climate change. One of the reasons for this is that engineering approaches are increasingly expensive and cannot provide complete certainty of protection against climate-related floods This study is about the continual stride between and amongst the various interest groups involved with what the city of The Hague should look like.

The thesis of the study states that the fragmented image that people in the city have or experience is the result of the wide variety of Building industry impacts natural cycles and has potential for optimization. While impairment on nature reached a new dimension already some three centuries ago the building industry started to realize the dependency in the second half of the 20th century. With LCA method all life cycle phases In this thesis you can find out how housing associations establish coherent intentions regarding the housing stock in neighbourhoods and what planning approaches they are using.

Since their independence in the Woningcorporaties en vastgoedontwikkeling, dat is een logische combinatie. Tenminste, het lijkt een logische combinatie. Woningcorporaties worden niet voor niets nog steeds vaak woningbouwverenigingen genoemd. Nowadays, organisations must cope with the pressure of cost reduction and efficiency in order to succeed in a highly competitive business environment.

Using engineering performance evaluations to explore design alternatives during the conceptual phase of architectural design helps to understand the relationships between form and performance; and is crucial for developing well-performing final designs. Computer aided conceptual design has the Although the concept of The aim of the research presented in this thesis was to infer design-related insights and guidelines to improve the use and effectiveness of home energy management systems HEMS.

This was done through an empirical evaluation of the longitudinal effectiveness of these devices and an The construction industry is a project-based sector with a myriad of actors such as architects, construction companies, consultants, producers of building materials Anumba et al. The interaction between the project partners is often quite limited, which leads to insufficient knowledge Curtain wall constructions are one of the most applied facade constructions today.

The initiative of this study derived from my concern of two critical urban issues in China today: In the recent two decades, the Chinese urban housing stock underwent a significant, if not extreme, transformation. From to , the urban housing stock in China This dissertation shows the potential of Additive Manufacturing AM for the development of building envelopes: AM will change the way of designing facades, how we engineer and produce them. But there is hardly any serious attempt to view such Due to its complexity, the evolution of cities is something that is difficult to predict and planning new developments for cities is therefore a difficult task.

This complexity can be identified on two levels: Central to this research lays the concept of private sector-led urban development projects Heurkens, Such projects involve project developers taking a leading role and local authorities adopting a facilitating role, in managing the development of an urban area, based on a clear Building new towns seems to be a rational regionalization approach that releases pressure from overly burdened large cities. While it is widely recognized that architects and their architecture play a key role in constructing a sense of place, the inherent nexus between an architectural ideology and the production of national space and place has so far been neglected.

Focusing on the Zionist ideology, this book brings Alessandro Aurigi November 28, Since the late s, Information and Communication Technologies ICTs have been hailed as a potentially revolutionary feature of the planning and management of Western cities. Economic regeneration and place promotion strategies have exploited these new technologies; city management has Drawing upon historical, cultural, economic and socio-demographic perspectives, this book examines the role of a sporting mega-event in promoting urban regeneration and social renewal.

Comparing cities that have or will be hosting the event, it explores the political economy of the games and the Rustin, Philip Cohen November 28, The Thames Gateway plan is the largest and most complex project of urban regeneration ever undertaken in the United Kingdom.

This book provides a comprehensive overview and critique of the Thames Gateway plan, but at the same time it uses the plan as a lens through which to look at a series of Cities in both North and South America are confronting tremendous challenges in urban growth and management as they enter the new century. Curitiba in Brazil and Portland in Oregon, US are cities that have achieved recognition for exemplary urban planning programmes over the past three decades.

There are more than Moshavim settlements and about kibbutzim in Israel. While there is a range of communal and cooperative kibbutz movements, all with slight ideological differences, they are all collective rural communities, based on an ideal to create a social utopian settlement. Cultural sustainability is a very important aspect of the overall sustainability framework and is regarded as the fourth pillar alongside the other three: However, the concept is neither fully explored, nor widely accepted or recognized. Fei Chen, Kevin Thwaites October 17, The traditional Chinese city is undergoing an identity crisis.

With the rapid development taking place, there is growing conflict between this new building and the existing urban heritage. An appropriate approach, both in design and in legislation, is urgently needed to deal with this problem. Please accept our apologies for any inconvenience this may cause. Design and the Built Environment About the Series Urban design is an expanding discipline bridging the gaps between the established built environment professions of architecture, planning, surveying, landscape architecture, and engineering.

Design, Technology and the Development Process in the Built Environment

Between Reimagination and Occupation 1st Edition. Intertwined and Contested Histories 1st Edition. Project Design and the Building Process 1st Edition. Constructing a Sense of Place: Architecture and the Zionist Discourse 1st Edition. Critical encounters between Giorgio Agamben and architecture 1st Edition. Making the Digital City: