La nueva mecánica ondulatoria y otros escritos (Clásicos del Pensamiento nº 15) (Spanish Edition)

La nueva mecánica ondulatoria y otros escritos (Clásicos del Pensamiento nº 15) (Spanish Edition) eBook: Erwin Schrödinger: leondumoulin.nl: Kindle Store.
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All this evidences that the planktonic foraminifera extinction in the Upper Eocene was a gradual and fast event, what is supported by the Factor Analysis application. La problematica de la demarcacion entre ciencia y pseudociencia y sus implicaciones en la educacion cientifica. En la sociedad prevalece una tendencia generalizada hacia la inclusion de creencias y practicas pseudocientificas. Esta investigacion responde a la necesidad de analizar como la proliferacion de las pseudociencias afecta la vision que tienen los estudiantes universitarios sobre las ciencias naturales.

A tales efectos, la investigadora describe las concepciones epistemologicas que tienen los estudiantes sobre las ciencias y las pseudociencias e identifica los criterios de demarcacion, entre un area y otra, que se derivan de estas concepciones. De igual modo, esta identifica las creencias y practicas pseudocientificas de mayor arraigo entre los estudiantes, destacando, a su vez, la razon de ser de las mismas. Por ultimo, la investigadora analiza las implicaciones educativas de la problematica de la demarcacion entre ciencia y pseudociencia.

La investigacion es de naturaleza mixta, enmarcada en los paradigmas empirico- analitico y cualitativo. El proceso investigativo se llevo a cabo mediante la administracion del cuestionario Criterios para la demarcacion entre ciencia y pseudociencia. La parte cualitativa estuvo enmarcada en el diseno de estudio de caso, recopilando informacion mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas en dos grupos focales.

La poblacion de estudio estuvo constituida por estudiantes universitarios del nivel subgraduado de la Universidad Central de Bayamon. Los resultados del estudio reflejaron las concepciones erroneas de los estudiantes sobre la naturaleza de las ciencias y las pseudociencias. Con respecto a la demarcacion entre ciencia y pseudociencia, el criterio imperante entre los universitarios es el de la verificabilidad, considerando la aplicacion del metodo cientifico como el metodo para demostrar la veracidad de las teorias cientificas.

Las creencias y practicas pseudocientificas no son muy frecuentes entre los universitarios. Estos atribuyen las mismas a la prevalencia de elementos supersticiosos y al engano a que es sometida la poblacion. A plan is provided for a lesson on disk operating systems DOS for managers. Twenty-five lesson objectives are listed, followed by suggestions for learning activities and special resources. In the presentation section, key points and content are provided for 25 instructional topics that correspond to the 25 lesson objectives.

The topics are as….

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Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center. These elementary activities cover only the DOS commands necessary to…. The playa-lake is situated above clays, marls, and gypsum, and under unaltered conditions received surface-subsurface runoff within the watershed as well as groundwater discharge from two carbonate aquifers. We have analyzed the structure of the main one, the Mollina-Camorra carbonate aquifer, by combining controlled source audio magnetotellurics CSAMT , gravity prospecting, and time-domain electromagnetic TDEM soundings.

This geophysical information, together with new structural and hydrogeological data, was gathered to develop a new conceptual hydrogeological model. This model allows the hydrological linkage of the carbonate aquifer with the playa-lake system to be established. Moreover, the intensive exploitation in the carbonate aquifer, even outside the watershed of the playa-lake, has affected the hydrological regime of the system.

This multidisciplinary work demonstrates the potential of geophysical methods for understanding wetland-aquifer interaction, having important groundwater management implications. In recent years, there is growing interest in the study of percussion scars and breakage patterns on hammerstones, cores and tools from Oldowan African and Eurasian lithic assemblages. Oldowan stone toolkits generally contain abundant small-sized flakes and their corresponding cores, and are characterized by their structural dichotomy of heavy- and light-duty tools.

Using quantitative and qualitative data from the large-sized limestone industries from these two major sites, we present a new methodology highlighting their morpho-technological features. In the light of the results, we discuss the shortfalls of extant classificatory methods for interpreting the role of percussive technology in early toolkits.

This work is rooted in an experimental program designed to reproduce the wide range of percussion marks observed on the limestone artefacts from these two sites. A visual and descriptive reference is provided as an interpretative aid for future comparative research. Further experiments using a variety of materials and gestures are still needed before the elusive traces yield the secrets of the kinds of percussive activities carried out by hominins at these, and other, Oldowan sites.

Fast interrupt platform for extended DOS. Extended DOS offers the unique combination of a simple operating system which allows direct access to the interrupt tables, 32 bit protected mode access to MByte address space, and the use of industry standard C compilers. The drawback is that fast interrupt handling requires both 32 bit and 16 bit versions of each real-time process interrupt handler to avoid mode switches on the interrupts.

A set of tools has been developed which automates the process of transforming the output of a standard 32 bit C compiler to 16 bit interrupt code which directly handles the real mode interrupts. The entire process compiles one set of source code via a make file, which boosts productivity by making the management of the compile-link cycle very simple. The software components are in the form of classes written mostly in C. A foreground process written as a conventional application which can use the standard C libraries can communicate with the background real-time classes via a message passing mechanism.

The platform thus enables the integration of high performance real-time processing into a conventional application framework. The Department's policy is to provide Fixed-price, labor-hour, and time-and-materials contracts A Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, motile, moderately halophilic, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain FP2.

It produced colonies with a light-yellow pigment. The pH range for growth was Its major fatty acids were C The type strain is FP2. Izabel dos Santos and the training of the health workers. This article discusses the career of Izabel dos Santos as a means of examining the connections between health schools and agendas in contemporary Brazil. The article highlights dos Santos's central role in the formulation and implementation of training policies for health workers, especially nursing technicians and assistants, and demonstrates how she occupies an important place in the history of Brazilian public health.

A Astronomia no Ensino Superior Brasileiro entre e Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos: Characterising flow regime and interrelation between surface-water and ground-water in the Fuente de Piedra salt lake basin by means of stable isotopes, hydrogeochemical and hydraulic data. SummaryThis research reports the characterisation of ground- and surface-water interaction in the Fuente de Piedra Salt lake basin in southern Spain by a combined approach using hydraulic, hydrogeochemical and stable isotope data.

During three sampling campaigns February , and October ground- and surface-water samples were collected for stable isotope studies 18O, D and for major and minor ion analysis. Hydraulic measurements at multilevel piezometers were carried out at four different locations around the lake edge. Conductivity logs were performed at four piezometers located along a profile at the northern lake border and at two deeper piezometers in the Miocene basin at a greater distance from the lake.

To describe processes that control the brine evolution different hydrogeochemical simulations were performed. Hydrogeochemical data show a variety of brines related to thickness variations of lacustrine evaporites around the lake. Salinity profiles in combination with stable isotope and hydraulic data indicate the existence of convection cells and recycled brines. Furthermore restricted ground-water inflow into the lake was detected. Dedolomitisation processes were identified by hydrogeochemical simulations and different brine origins were reproduced by inverse modelling approaches. The document image archive is implemented by a PC controlled bank of optical disk drives which use 12 inch WORM platters containing bitmapped images of over , pages of medical journals.

This paper describes the deficiencies of the current storage system, the design issues of modifying several modules in the system, the alternatives proposed and the tradeoffs involved. A natural product based DOS library of hybrid systems. Here we described a natural product inspired modular DOS strategy for the synthesis of a library of hybrid systems that are structurally and stereochemically disparate. The main scaffold is a pyrroloisoquinoline motif, that is synthesized from tandem Pictet-Spengler lactamization.

The structural diversity is generated via "privileged scaffolds" that are attached at the appropriate site of the motif. Um total de 5. Monte Carlo x Bootstrap. Strategies need to be developed to reduce preschool children's energy intake. Subjects were 2- to 5-year-old children 37 boys and 40 girls in a university day-care facility. In this within-subjects crossover study, children were served a test lunch once per week for 6 weeks. Each version was served to children three times. Lunch, consumed ad libitum, also included broccoli, applesauce, and milk.

Food intake and energy intake were measured. Reducing the energy density of foods may be an effective strategy to moderate children's energy intake. On the ecological context of the earliest human settlements in Europe: Here we use a mathematical approach based on Leslie matrices to quantify for the large mammal species preserved at the sites the biomass of primary consumers available, the distribution of meat resources among the secondary consumers and the competition intensity within the carnivore guild.

The results obtained show a community of large mammals with a high diversity of secondary consumers that would satisfy slightly less than half of their dietary requirements under optimal ecological conditions. In the case of Homo sp. These density estimates decrease slightly when a mixed hunting-scavenging strategy is considered and even more in the case of a strict hunting behavior.

In addition, the value of the species competition index obtained for Homo sp. These results suggest that the hominin populations that inhabited Southeast Spain during the Early Pleistocene behaved more as opportunistic scavengers than as active predators. Lunch, consumed ad libitum, also included carrots, applesauce, and milk.

Decreasing ED by incorporating more vegetables into recipes is an effective way of reducing children's EI while increasing their vegetable intake. While working as a special consultant for General Mills in , John Dos Passos wrote a report explaining the latest scientific research and technological advancements and how the postwar economy was affecting General Mills and the cereal market.

General Mills, using a real writer for a corporate freelance, profited from Dos Passos' expertise and…. DoS for the period of the vessel-to-vessel activity. Upon the vessel-to-vessel activity and prior to While the regulon requires induction in most M. In our attempts to understand the mechanistic basis for this uncoupling in the Beijing background, we previously reported the identification of two synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs within the adjacent Rvc gene.

In the present study, we have interrogated the impact of these SNPs on dos R expression in wild-type strains, as well as a range of dosR-dosS-dos T mutants, for both Beijing and non-Beijing M. In this manner, we have unequivocally determined that the CT dos R promoter SNP is the sole requirement for the dramatic shift in the pattern of Dos R regulon expression seen in this globally important lineage.

Interestingly, we also show that Dos T is completely nonfunctional within these strains. Thus, a complex series of evolutionary steps has led to the present-day Beijing Dos R phenotype that, in turn, potentially confers a fitness advantage in the face of some form of host-associated selective pressure. Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains of the Beijing lineage have been described as being of enhanced virulence compared to other lineages, and in certain regions, they are associated with the dramatic spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis TB.

In terms of trying to understand the functional basis for these broad epidemiological phenomena, it is interesting that, in contrast to the other major lineages, the Beijing strains all constitutively overexpress members of the Dos R regulon. Here, we identify the mutational events that led to the evolution of this unique phenotype.

In addition, our work highlights the fact that important phenotypic differences exist between. Both negative 48Ca and 50Ti anomalies of the Angrite Angra dos Reis was identified in this study, and the result supported previous study of correlated negative 54Cr and 50Ti anomalies in achondrites. Sensitization in 5XXX aluminum alloys is an insidious problem characterized by the gradual formation and growth of beta phase Mg 2 Al 3 at grain boundaries, which increases the susceptibility of alloys to intergranular corrosion IGC and intergranular stress-corrosion cracking IGSCC.

A fast, reliable, and non-destructive method for rapid detection and the assessment of the condition of DoS in AA5XXX aluminum alloys in the field is highly desirable. In this paper, we describe a non-destructive method for measurements of DoS in aluminum alloys with an electromagnetic acoustic transducer EMAT.


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Both ultrasonic velocity and attenuation in sensitized specimens were then measured using EMAT and the results were correlated with the DoS data. We found that the longitudinal wave velocity was almost a constant, independent of the sensitization, which suggests that the longitudinal wave can be used to determine the sample thickness. The shear wave velocity and especially the shear wave attenuation are sensitive to DoS.

Relationships between DoS and the shear velocity, as well as the shear attenuation have been established. Finally, we performed the data mining to evaluate and improve the accuracy in the measurements of DoS in aluminum alloys with EMAT. DataPlus allows the user to easily design data collection templates for DOS -based hand-held computers that mimic clipboard data sheets. The user designs and tests the application on the desktop PC and then transfers it to a DOS field computer. Frequently eating fast food has been associated with consuming a diet high in calories, and there is a public perception that fast-casual restaurants eg, Chipotle are healthier than traditional fast food eg, McDonald's.

This study was a cross-sectional analysis of secondary data. Non-invasive tissue temperature measurements based on quantitative diffuse optical spectroscopy DOS of water. We describe the development of a non-invasive method for quantitative tissue temperature measurements using Broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy DOS. Our approach is based on well-characterized opposing shifts in near-infrared NIR water absorption spectra that appear with temperature and macromolecular binding state.

Unlike conventional reflectance methods, DOS is used to generate scattering-corrected tissue water absorption spectra. This allows us to separate the macromolecular bound water contribution from the thermally induced spectral shift using the temperature isosbestic point at nm. Once validated, thermal and hemodynamic i. DOS -measured arm temperatures were consistent with previously reported invasive deep tissue temperature studies.

These results suggest that DOS can be used for non-invasive, co-registered measurements of absolute temperature and hemoglobin parameters in thick tissues, a potentially important approach for optimizing thermal diagnostics and therapeutics. A hybrid protection approaches for denial of service DoS attacks in wireless sensor networks.

Wireless sensor network WSN contains the distributed autonomous devices with the sensing capability of physical and environmental conditions. During the clustering operation, the consumption of more energy causes the draining in battery power that leads to minimum network lifetime. Hence, the WSN devices are initially operated on low-power sleep mode to maximise the lifetime. But, the attacks arrival cause the disruption in low-power operating called denial of service DoS attacks. The conventional intrusion detection ID approaches such as rule-based and anomaly-based methods effectively detect the DoS attacks.

But, the energy consumption and false detection rate are more. The absence of attack information and broadcast of its impact to the other cluster head CH leads to easy DoS attacks arrival. This article combines the isolation and routing tables to detect the attack in the specific cluster and broadcasts the information to other CH.

The intercommunication between the CHs prevents the DoS attacks effectively.


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  3. Sexing the Self: Gendered Positions in Cultural Studies;

    4. In addition, the swarm-based defence approach is proposed to migrate the fault channel to normal operating channel through frequency hop approaches. Documenting 35 years of land cover change: Lago Cachet Dos drainage, Chile. This location is one of the newest international sites in the USGS Global Fiducial Program GFP —a program which provides systematic monitoring of dynamic and environmentally critical areas with high-resolution imagery http: In , Lago Cachet Dos began experiencing glacial lake outburst floods GLOFs during which the entire pool of water about million cubic meters rapidly drains from the lake and flows south-southeast through the Colonia Glacier.

    These catastrophic events cause massive erosion of valley-fill deposits and consequent upstream expansion of Lago Cachet Dos towards Lago Cachet Uno. Panchromatic and multispectral images for , , and highlight the dramatic changes that have occurred at this site over a year period. The lake was smallest in , when the Colonia Glacier was at its maximum extent during the study period. Between and , the glacier shrank causing an increase in the surface area of the lake. The size of the lake increased substantially, from 2.

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    Ongoing studies of the Colonia Glacier and Lago Cachet Dos are focused on providing real-time monitoring of Lago Cachet Dos lake levels, understanding the history of advances and retreats of the Colonia Glacier, and determining the physical mechanisms and hazards associated with the GLOFs that come from Lago Cachet Dos.

    Modelo empirico integral de una plantacion de Eucalyptus grandis en Concordia, Entre Rios. The Argentinian Mesopotamia is the core of fast-growing tree species plantations of the country. Based on previous studies on structural and functional features, a comprehensive model is here proposed on emergence of new properties linked to matter and ecosystem The influence of portion size on children's intake and self-regulation of food has gained attention; however, few studies have examined portion sizes in school lunch.

    Plate waste was used as a proxy to measure intake. A standardized lunch of chicken nuggets, rice, green beans, applesauce, and milk was served every Tuesday for 5 consecutive weeks at a Kinder Center. All menu items and the self-selection of 2, 3, or 4 nuggets were served the first week as a pilot. In the second and fourth weeks, trained servers preportioned kindergarteners' plates with 4 nuggets. In the third and fifth weeks, kindergarteners verbally self-selected 2, 3, or 4 chicken nuggets.

    A Mann-Whitney test was used to determine a significant difference in intake between the 2 days kindergarteners were allowed to select the portion size and the 2 days they were preportioned. No significant difference was found in milk, fruit, vegetable, or rice intake between choice and nonchoice lunches.

    In this study, kindergarteners ate more chicken nuggets when they were offered a larger portion size. Further investigation is needed on the impact of letting kindergarteners self-select portion sizes, and the potential negative outcomes of larger portion sizes on children's caloric consumption in elementary schools. Cost effectiveness is considered, three types of software approaches to character recognition are explained, hardware and operation requirements are described, possible library applications are discussed, future OCR developments are suggested, and a list of OCR….

    Pretest and posttest results for 65 graduate students using the program are reported, and it is concluded that the CAI program significantly aided the students. Lago Dos Bocas reservoir was completed in to provide water for hydroelectric power generation along the northern coast of Puerto Rico. The reservoir had an original storage capacity of The Superaqueduct is supplied by controlled releases for hydroelectric power generation that replenish the public-supply raw-water intake pool located about 10 km downstream from the Lago Dos Bocas Dam fig. As of , the Superaqueduct supplies about 4. Because of the importance of the reservoir to the North Coast Superaqueduct, the U.

    The results of this survey were used to estimate the useful life and the firm yield of the reservoir, and evaluate the need to dredge the reservoir. The Lago Dos Bocas Dam, located in the municipality of Utuado in north central Puerto Rico, was constructed in for hydroelectric power generation. In , the construction of the Lago Caonillas Dam on the Rio Caonillas branch of Lago Dos Bocas reduced the natural sediment-contributing drainage area to square kilometers; therefore, the Lago Caonillas Dam is considered an effective sediment trap.

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    Sedimentation in Lago Dos Bocas reservoir has reduced the storage capacity from The long-term annual water-storage capacity loss rate remained nearly constant at about , cubic meters per year to about The inter-survey sedimentation rate between and , however, is higher than the long-term rate at about 1. Between and the rate is lower than the long-term rate at about 0. The Lago Dos Bocas effective sediment-contributing drainage area had an average sediment yield of about 1, cubic meters per square kilometer per year between and This rate increased substantially by to about 4, cubic meters per square kilometer per year, probably resulting from the historical magnitude floods caused by Hurricane Georges in Recent data indicate that the Lago Dos Bocas drainage area sediment yield decreased substantially to about cubic meters per square kilometer per year, which is much lower than the area normalized sedimentation rate of 1, cubic meters per square kilometer per year.

    The impact of Hurricane Georges on the basin sediment yield could have been the cause of this change, since the magnitude of the floods could have nearly depleted the Lago Dos Bocas drainage area of easily erodible and. Federal Register , , , , Applicants for the Academic Title of Information Collection: Estimated Number of Respondents: Herein, we report a diversity-oriented-synthesis DOS approach for the synthesis of biologically relevant molecular scaffolds. Our methodology enables the facile synthesis of fused N-heterocycles, spirooxoindolones, tetrahydroquinolines, and fused N-heterocycles.

    This step is followed by a ring-closure onto the built-in scaffold electrophile, thereby leading to stereoselective carbocycle- and spirocycle-formation. We used in silico tools to calibrate our compounds with respect to chemical diversity and selected drug-like properties. We evaluated the biological significance of our scaffolds by screening them in two cancer cell-lines.

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    In summary, our DOS methodology affords new, diverse scaffolds, thereby resulting in compounds that may have significance in medicinal chemistry. Using satellite images to monitor glacial-lake outburst floods: During —, 14 GLOFs were released from Lago Cachet Dos and created environmental and safety concerns for downstream residents and to infrastructure. If GLOFs and the consequent headward erosion continue, the moraine that creates Lago Cachet Uno could be destabilized and breached, and the two lakes could merge.

    If the two lakes become connected, the volume of future GLOFs likely would be greater and thus cause longer and or more extensive flooding downstream. Additional GLOFs from Lago Cachet Dos are expected in the future, and continued environmental monitoring could provide an early warning system as well as scientific information that could increase our understanding of GLOFs and their consequences. GLOFs occur in glaciated areas around the world and remote sensing technologies can allow researchers to better understand—and potentially predict—future GLOF events. This approach relies on functional group FG pairing between a vinyl sulfonamide and an array of functional groups to synthesize skeletally diverse sultams.

    The convergent communication network will play an important role as a single platform to unify heterogeneous networks and integrate emerging technologies and existing legacy networks. Although there have been proposed many feasible solutions, they could not become convergent frameworks since they mainly focused on converting functions between various protocols and interfaces in edge networks, and handling functions for multiple services in core networks, e.

    Software-defined networking SDN , on the other hand, is expected to be the ideal future for the convergent network since it can provide a controllable, dynamic, and cost-effective network. However, SDN has an original structural vulnerability behind a lot of advantages, which is the centralized control plane. As the brains of the network, a controller manages the whole network, which is attractive to attackers. In this context, we proposes a novel solution called adaptive suspicious prevention ASP mechanism to protect the controller from the Denial of Service DoS attacks that could incapacitate an SDN.

    Three dimensional radiation dosimetry has received growing interest with the implementation of highly conformal radiotherapy treatments. The radiotherapy community faces new challenges with the commissioning of image guided and image gated radiotherapy treatments IGRT and deformable image registration software.

    The Flexy Dos 3D phantom can be actuated and deformed during the actual treatment. Flexy Dos 3D offers the additional advantage that it is easy to fabricate, is non-toxic and can be molded in an arbitrary shape with high geometrical precision. The dosimeter formulation has been optimized in terms of dose sensitivity. The influence of the casting material and oxygen concentration has also been investigated.

    The radiophysical properties of this new dosimeter are discussed including stability, spatial integrity, temperature dependence of the dosimeter during radiation, readout and storage, dose rate dependence and tissue equivalence. The first authors Y De Deene and P S Skyt made an equivalent contribution to the experimental work presented in this paper. A total of behaviorally heterogeneous preschoolers from low-income environments comprised the validation sample. Parent and teacher reports were used to identify children with clinically significant disruptive behavior.

    Examiner Engaged, Examiner Busy, and Parent. Convergent and divergent validity of the DB- DOS were tested in relation to parent and teacher reports and independently observed behavior. Clinical validity was tested in terms of criterion and incremental validity of the DB- DOS for discriminating disruptive behavior status and impairment, concurrently and longitudinally. DB- DOS scores were significantly associated with reported and independently observed behavior in a theoretically meaningful fashion. The multidomain, multicontext approach of the DB- DOS is a valid method for direct assessment of preschool disruptive behavior.

    This approach shows promise for enhancing accurate identification of clinically significant disruptive behavior in young children and for characterizing subtypes in a manner that can directly inform etiological and intervention research. Analisis de mecanismos alternos de coordinacion de la operacion en los puertos fronterizos entre Mexico y Estados Unidos.

    Identificar los problemas de coordinacin Intersectoriales entre dependencias pblicas de Mxico, los problemas originados por la falta de Coordinacin Binacional en los Puertos Fronterizos y los costos que se derivan de estos problemas. In a crossover design, 68 non-dieting adults 28 men and 40 women were provided with breakfast, lunch, and dinner on 1 day a week for 4 weeks. Large portion sizes in restaurants have been identified as a public health risk. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether customers in two different food-service operator segments non-commercial worksite cafeteria and commercial upscale restaurant would select reduced-portion menu items and the impact of selecting reduced-portion menu items on energy and nutrient intakes and plate waste.

    A worksite cafeteria and a commercial upscale restaurant in a large US Midwestern metropolitan area. Adult worksite employees and restaurant patrons. These outcomes could serve as the foundation for future studies to determine strategies to enhance acceptance of reduced-portion menu items in restaurant settings. Pour cc faire, 1 utilisant des liaisons de donn. The transmission of tegumentary leishmaniasis TL has increased in 9 provinces of Argentina since In order to evaluate the potential risk of transmission of LT, Phlebotominae were captured at locations close to and southern from Bella Vista during February La Celina-Villa Urquiza captured individuals of Lutzomyia neivai In Tartagal, Santa Fe, the captures were consistent with the residual "chaco" landscape, 7 individuals of Lu.

    The risk of LT epidemic transmission in these provinces is highlighted, mainly due to the progressive southern tropicalization of the paranaense gallery forest. Clinical and entomological surveillance is recommended. The paper presents a novel technique to detect Denial of Service DoS attacks applied by misbehaving nodes in wireless networks with the presence of hidden nodes employing the widely used IEEE Attacker nodes alter the IEEE We obtained the theoretical network throughput by solving two-dimensional Markov Chain model as described by Bianchi [2], and Liu and Saadawi [3] to determine the channel capacity.

    We validated the results obtained via the theoretical computations with the results obtained by OPNET simulator [4] to define the baseline for the average attainable throughput in the channel under standard conditions where all nodes follow the standards. In addition, the attacker strives to appear as an innocent node that follows the standards. The protocol resides in every node to enable each node to police other nodes in its immediate wireless coverage area. All innocent nodes are able to detect and identify the DoS attacker in its wireless coverage area.

    We applied the protocol to two Physical Layer technologies: The main goal of the DoS attacker is to prevent the innocent nodes from accessing the channel and by capturing the channel's bandwidth. Studies of Brazilian meteorites. The mineral composition of the Angra dos Reis meteorite, which fell in , is described. This achondrite contains phases reported in a meteorite for the first time. Petrofabric analysis shows that fassaite has a preferred orientation and lineation, which is interpreted as being due to cumulus processes, possibly the effect of post-depositional magmatic current flow or laminar flow of a crystalline mush.

    The mineral chemistry indicates crystallization from a highly silica-undersaturated melt at low pressure. Several aspects of the mineral composition are discussed with reference to the implications of crystallization conditions. A series of lagoons can be found along the coastline of Rio de Janeiro, in the so-called Regiao dos Lagos. The lagoons differ in size, physicochemical, sedimentological and biological characteristics. Rare examples of litifying microbialites that produce stromatolites, the oldest fossils on Earth, can be found living in this lagoon system.

    The occurrence of stromatolites in the region is of great scientific interest because it enables the study of possible analogues of the earliest life on Earth. However, this region has been suffering from intense human activities and degradations. Geoconservation planning requires an assessment of the characteristics of the region and its potential threats. The primary goal of this study is to assess physical environmental changes and anthropogenic impacts over the last four decades in Regiao dos Lagos.

    Using a broad integrative assessment combining remote sensing, GIS, field studies and local knowledge of communities, land-cover and land-use classes were identified, as well as the main human activities impacting the environment. The seasonal and weekend tourism and urban sprawl in this coastal area of Rio de Janeiro triggers the occupation of new areas and the removal of natural vegetation, especially on lagoon margins. This disorderly occupation by an ever increasing population, with both legal and illegal constructions and the subsequent overload of the local infrastructure, e. The main driving forces to environmental changes over the last four decades in Regiao dos Lagos were the change of dense vegetation, saline and bare soil classes into built-up areas, adding to the poor waste treatment and inadequate sewage disposal.

    This analysis provides a basis for a better control of anthropogenic impacts and. Age and isotopic relationships among the angrites Lewis Cliff and Angra dos Reis. The isotopic compositions of Sm, U, Ca, and Ti were also measured. This allows a detailed appraisal to be made of the relations between, and the genealogy of, these two angrites. The Porto dos Gauchos Seismogenic Zone PGSZ , in the center north of Mato Grosso State, in the contact between the southern Amazonian Craton and northern Parecis Basin, represents one of the most important area of seismic activity in Brazil, with the largest magnitude ever observed in the stable continent of the South America plate 6.

    Focal mechanism studies indicated a pure reverse faulting regime with compressional SHmax. After the earthquake, located in Serra do Tombador, a recurrent seismicity has been detected in Porto dos Gauchos, km northeast of Serra do Tombador. No recent events have been detected in the area of the epicenter, suggesting a long recurrence time or mislocation of Serra do Tombador earthquake.

    The Porto dos Gauchos recurrent seismicity has been observed since , when a 4. In subsequent years, with deployment of regional stations in Brazilian Amazon region earthquakes were detected in 3. The aftershocks of main shock were studied with a local network with up to eight 3- component stations. Such network detected more than events until December of , when the network was deactivated, but only were accurately located.

    Based on this set of events and a controlled source experiment we determined a 1-D velocity model for the area, a composite focal mechanism with P wave polarities, spectral analysis studies to estimate the source dimension, stress drop and moment magnitudes for the main shock and some others events of the set.

    On March 23, another shock occurred in the same seismogenic area of Porto dos Gauchos, with magnitude 4. One week later five stations were installed again to monitor the aftershock activity, detecting. RighTime learns what corrections are required without operator interaction beyond the occasional accurate time set.

    Both warm power on and cool power off errors are corrected, usually yielding better than one part per million accuracy in the typical desktop computer with no additional hardware, and RighTime increases the system clock resolution from approximately 0. Program tools are also available which allow visualization of RighTime's actions, verification of its performance, display of its history log, and which provide data for graphing of the system clock behavior.

    The program has found application in a wide variety of industries, including astronomy, satellite tracking, communications, broadcasting, transportation, public utilities, manufacturing, medicine, and the military. Ongoing multi-center clinical trials are crucial for Biophotonics to gain acceptance in medical imaging. In these trials, quality control QC and assurance QA are key to success and provide "data insurance". Quality control and assurance deal with standardization, validation, and compliance of procedures, materials and instrumentation.

    Standardize and validate calibration standards and procedures. Standardize and validate data acquisition, processing and visualization optimize instrument software-EZDOS; centralize data processing 3. Monitor, catalog and maintain instrument performance document performance; modularize maintenance; integrate new technology 4. Standardize and coordinate trial data entry from individual sites into centralized database 5. Monitor, audit and communicate all research procedures database, teleconferences, training sessions between participants ensuring "calibration".

    This manuscript describes our ongoing efforts, successes and challenges implementing these strategies. Prevalence and predictors of orthorexia nervosa among German students using the item- DOS. Orthorexia nervosa ON describes the constant pathological preoccupation with "healthy" nutrition.

    The current results regarding the prevalence of ON differ widely possibly because of invalid measurement tools. This study aimed to investigate ON prevalence in a sample of German students and to examine age, gender, semester, and nutritional knowledge as potential predictors of ON by comparing nutrition science NS with economics ES students. A total of university students participated in the survey NS , ES ON was determined using the item- DOS , which is a well-constructed, validated, and reliability-tested questionnaire.

    Age, gender, and semester were also assessed. Of the total sample, 3. Older students scored significantly higher on the subscale "avoidance of additives" compared with younger students and students of lower semester suffered significantly more often from ON than students of higher semester. In addition, comparing field of study showed no significant difference in the prevalence of ON or the risk of developing ON between female NS and ES students. However, mean values for the three DOS subscales were higher among female NS students, albeit far below values indicating pathological behavior.

    The prevalence of ON appears to be low in this sample of German university students. Deep exploratory drillings, i. Drilling began in , and until now there have been 18 polls with very variable results in terms of mineralization, resource flow, and temperature. The aim of this study was to present a management model, which should allow operators of thermal complexes to further develop procedures for safeguarding the biodiversity of the ecosystems involved, both during exploration and exploitation activities.

    The environmental management Plan proposed is constituted by a set of technical procedures that are formulated and should be performed during the stages of exploration and exploitation of the resource, and consists of: This Plan describes the measures and proposals aimed at protecting environmental quality in the area of influence of a thermal complex project, ensuring that its execution remains environmentally responsibly, and allowing implementation of specific actions to prevent or correct environmental impacts, as predicted in the evaluation of the Environmental Program.

    The audit of environmental impact includes and takes into account natural factors, such as water, soil, atmosphere, flora and fauna, and also cultural factors. The technical audit Plan was prepared in order to get a systematic structure and organization of the verification process, and also with regard to document the degree of implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. Finally, an environmental contingency program was implemented, and its objective was to consider the safeguarding of life and its natural environment.

    Thus, a guide has been developed with the main actions to be taken on a contingency, since forecast increases the efficiency of the response. The methodology developed here was adopted as the procedure. The electronic structure, density of states DOS , effective mass are calculated for tetragonal TlInSe2 from first principle in the framework of density functional theory DFT. The calculated band structure by Hartwigsen-Goedecker-Hutter HGH pseudopotentials psp shows both the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum located at the T point of the Brillouin zone.

    Valence band maximum at the T point and the surrounding parts originate mainly from 6s states of univalent Tl ions. Bottom of the conduction band is due to the contribution of 6p-states of Tl and 5s-states of In atoms. Electron effective masses are fairly isotropic, while the hole effective masses show strong anisotropy. The calculated electronic structure, density of states and DOS effective masses of TlInSe2 are in good agreement with existing theoretical and experimental results.

    Sub-gap density of states DOS is a key parameter to impact the electrical characteristics of semiconductor materials-based transistors in integrated circuits. Previously, spectroscopy methodologies for DOS extractions include the static methods, temperature dependent spectroscopy and photonic spectroscopy. However, they might involve lots of assumptions, calculations, temperature or optical impacts into the intrinsic distribution of DOS along the bandgap of the materials.

    A direct and simpler method is developed to extract the DOS distribution from amorphous oxide-based thin-film transistors TFTs based on Dual gate pulse spectroscopy GPS , introducing less extrinsic factors such as temperature and laborious numerical mathematical analysis than conventional methods. The results could be described with the model involving both Gaussian and exponential components. This tool is useful as a diagnostics for the electrical properties of oxide materials and this study will benefit their modeling and improvement of the electrical properties and thus broaden their applications.

    Science is a massive black box to billions of people who walk the streets. However, the process of filmmaking can be equally as mystifying. As with the development of many scientific experiments, the process starts on a napkin at a restaurant…but then what? The road to scientific publication is propelled by a canonical list of several dos and don't that fit most situations. An equally useful list exists for up-and-coming producers.

    The list streamlines efforts, optimizes your use of the tools at your fingertips and enhances impact. Many fundamentals can be learned from books, but during this talk we will project and discuss several examples of best practices, from honing a story, to identifying audience appeal, filming, editing and the secrets of inexpensively acquiring expert help. Whether your goal is a two-minute webisode or a 90 minute documentary, these time-tested practices, with a little awareness, can give life to your films.

    Volume 3 contains the software listings for these applications. Sm-Nd-Pu timepieces in the Angra dos Reis meteorite. Isotope ratios and age estimations are presented for the ultramafic pyroxenite Angra dos Reis meteorite. A pyroxene-phosphate internal isochron age of 4. It is suggested that Sm decay led to an increase in the ratio of Nd to Nd in pyroxene, which is greater than the ratio of the Nd isotopes in phosphates.

    The effect of Pu on the fission xenon components in pyroxene and phosphate is examined. The ratios of Pu to Nd, U, and Th are compared for pyroxene and phosphate separates. The exposure age of the meteorite, as obtained by the Kr to Kr method, was found to be On securing wireless sensor network--novel authentication scheme against DOS attacks.

    Wireless sensor networks are generally deployed for collecting data from various environments. Several applications specific sensor network cryptography algorithms have been proposed in research. However WSN's has many constrictions, including low computation capability, less memory, limited energy resources, vulnerability to physical capture, which enforce unique security challenges needs to make a lot of improvements. This paper presents a novel security mechanism and algorithm for wireless sensor network security and also an application of this algorithm.

    The scheme is simulated using network simulator2 NS2. Then this scheme is analyzed based on the network packet delivery ratio and found that throughput has improved. Measured oxygen fugacities of the Angra dos Reis achondrite as a function of temperature. Religiosidade, juventude e sexualidade: Como sujeitos religiosos do discurso religioso e sujeitos sexuais de discursos sobre sexualidade , devem ser incorporados pelos programas como sujeitos de direito nos termos de sua religiosidade.

    The trap DOS in small molecule organic semiconductors: A quantitative comparison of thin-film transistors with single crystals. Our study shows that it is possible to reach one of the ultimate goals of organic electronics: Several analytical methods to calculate the spectral density of localized states in the band gap trap DOS from measured data were used to clarify, if the different methods lead to similar results.

    We then compared quantitatively trap DOS information from the literature, correcting for differences due to different calculation methods. In the bulk of single crystals the trap DOS is lower by several orders of magnitude than in thin films. For high-performance transistors made with small molecule semiconductors such as rubrene it is essential to reduce the dipolar disorder caused by water adsorbed on the gate dielectric.

    We will discuss to what degree band broadening due to the thermal fluctuations of the intermolecular transfer integral is reflected in the trap DOS very close El espectro de KX TrA entre y Underdiagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes in France: This study estimated the prevalence of symptoms evocative of obstructive sleep apneoa OSA in patients with type 2 diabetes and the proportion of those with evidence of a previous diagnosis or diagnostic procedure.

    In ENTRED , people reimbursed for at least three antidiabetic agents within the last 12 months were randomly selected, and answered a self-administered questionnaire. Patients were considered to have evidence of a previous diagnostic procedure if they reported an OSA diagnosis or had a sleep recording done, or if a sleep recording was found in the hospital discharge or medical claims database, or if they were currently being treated with nocturnal ventilation.

    The patients' mean age was 66 years. Being male, obesity, high blood pressure, insulin treatment, living with a partner, lower educational level and financial difficulties were all associated with symptoms suggestive of OSA. OSA is underdiagnosed in French diabetic patients, while the prevalence of symptoms is high.

    It is of the utmost importance to better diagnose OSA in the diabetic population. Geochemical and isotopic constraints on the tectonic setting of Serra dos Carajas belt, eastern Para, Brazil. The GPG is thought to unconformably overlie the older but undated Xingu Complex, composed of medium and high-grade gneisses and amphibolite and greenstone belts. The geochemical data indicate that the GPG has many features in common with ancient and modern volcanic suites erupted through continental crust.

    The geological, geochemical, and isotopic data are all consistent with deposition on continental crust, presumably in a marine basin formed by crustal extension. The isotopic data also suggest the existence of depleted mantle as a source for the parent magmas of the GPG. The overall results suggest a tectonic environment, igneous sources, and petrogenesis similar to many modern continental extensional basins, in contrast to most Archean greenstone belts.

    The Hammersley basin in Australia and the circum-Superior belts in Canada may be suitable Archean and Proterozoic analogues, respectively. Buffer zone monitoring plan for the Dos Rios subdivision, Gunnison, Colorado. This report presents a plan for water quality monitoring at the Dos Rios subdivision Units 2, 3, and the Island Unit that is intended to satisfy the informational needs of residents who live southwest downgradient of the former Gunnison processing site.

    Water quality monitoring activities described in this report are designed to protect the public from residual contamination that entered the ground water as a result of previous uranium milling operations. The WSAP will be updated annually, as additional water quality data are collected and interpreted, to provide ongoing protection for public health and the environment.

    The activated carbon filter is used in residences as another step in the treatment of drinking water, based on a physical-chemical process to absorb pollutants that are not removed in conventional treatment. Endocrine disruptors EDCs are exogenous substances or mixtures of substances that acts on the endocrine system similarly to the endogenously produced hormones, triggering malfunctions and harmful changes to human and animal health.

    The objective of the present work was to study EDCs through semi-quantitative analysis of residential water filters collected in the region of Rio dos Sinos basin, focusing on two specific classes: The solid phase extraction principle was used for the extraction of compounds and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for the separation and characterization of EDCs. Using the developed methodology, it was possible to detect and comparatively quantify selected EDCs in all studied samples, which indicates the presence of these contaminants in drinking water from different sources. Analyse des interactions energetiques entre un arena et son systeme de refrigeration.

    La presente these s'inscrit dans le cadre d'un projet strategique sur les arenas finance par le CRSNG Conseil de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles et en Genie du Canada qui a pour but principal le developpement d'un outil numerique capable d'estimer et d'optimiser la consommation d'energie dans les arenas et curlings. En particulier, il calcule les flux de chaleur a travers la couche de glace dus a la convection, la radiation et la condensation. Dans un premier temps nous avons developpe un modele de la structure sous la glace BIM qui tient compte de sa geometrie 3D, des differentes couches, de l'effet transitoire, des gains de chaleur du sol en dessous et autour de l'arena etudie ainsi que de la temperature d'entree de la saumure dans la dalle de beton.

    Les auteurs decrivent la dissolution complete d'echantillons d'excreta, de sols, d'os, de tissus et de vegetaux en insistant sur la necessite d'eviter la formation de composes refractaires du plutonium qui sont difficilement solubles. Ils examinent les methodes analytiques employees pour doser le plutonium contenu dans ces substances, notamment la coprecipitation, l'extraction par partage la chromato- graphie sur echangeurs d'ions et l'emploi d'isotopes du plutonium pour la determination des quantites produites par analyse de l'energie des particules alpha.

    A l'aide de statistiques du comptage, les auteurs comparent les sensibilites obtenues dans le comptage de particules alpha de faible energie au moyen de chambres d'ionisation, de compteurs proportionnels, de compteurs a diode et d'emulsions nucleaires. L'analyse isotopique du plutonium par spectrometrie alpha, les techniques des emulsions nucleaires et le comptage par scintillateur liquide sont traites dans le memoire. A propos des echantillons completement inactifs, les auteurs etudient l'emploi d'entraineurs non isotopiques en tant que source d'activite etrangere ainsi que les degres de contamination du milieu ambiant par du plutonium recemment releves dans le monde entier.

    Ils examinent deux possibilites comme futures methodes de dosage du plutonium, lorsqu'on veut obtenir une plus grande sensibilite: Estudian especialmente el analisis de las excreta. Han calculado los indices de excrecion urinaria probables adoptando valores arbitrarios para el deposito de plutonio, de una manera que facilita la comparacion de las sensibilidades analiticas de.

    Este desarrollo ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de adaptar las normas fiscales a las nuevas circunstancias, ya que estas se han mostrado ineficaces para abarcar la nueva realidad. Les auteurs formulent des recommandations touchant la technique qu'ils considerent comme la plus appropriee dans des conditions donnees. Se describe la experiencia adquirida en la determinacion de calcio en dichas sustancias aplicando una tecnica de recuento con centelleador laquido ya dada a conocer por los autores. Ciertas muestras suscitaron dificultades debidas a la presencia de cantidades relativamente grandes de hierro.

    Se estudia la extincion provocada por este ultimo elemento, asf como metodos para superar esta dificultad. Se exponen los resultados del empleo de fuentes gamma internas como patrones y como medio de evaluar los efectos de extincion en ciertas muestras. Aunque no son enteramente satisfactorias para medir la extincion, se recomienda su uso como patrones para comprobar el correcto funcionamiento del contador. Se formulan recomendaciones sobre la tecnica mas apropiada segun las circunstancias de cada caso.

    Soobshhaetsja ob opyte, nakoplennom v processe ocenki kal'cija, s primeneniem metoda scheta zhidkostnym scintilljatorom, o kotorom avtory soobshhali ranee. Determining the optimal dose of Fenton reagent in a leachate treatment by Fenton-adsorption; Determinacion de la dosis optima de reactivo Fenton en un tratamiento de lixiviados por Fenton-adsorcion. Se evaluo si la filtracion de los lodos producidos durante el proceso Fenton es un proceso mas eficiente que la sedimentacion.

    Despues de optimizar el proceso, se filtraron las muestras oxidadas y se ensayo la adsorcion mediante columnas empacadas con carbon activado granular. Se concluyo que el lodo generado por el proceso Fenton se remueve mas eficientemente mediante filtracion que por sedimentacion.

    Los tiempos de contacto optimos fueron de 5 min para la remocion de la DQO y una hora para la remocion de color, tiempo elegido para proteger el carbon activado. La eficiencia maxima de remocion despues del proceso de adsorcion fue de El indice de biodegradabilidad final alcanzado despues de las pruebas de Fenton-adsorcion fue de 0. Clinical utility from the determination of serico galactomannan in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in hematological patients of the Hospital San Juan de Dios, between January and December ; Utilidad clinica de la determinacion de galactomanano serico en el diagnostico de aspergilosis invasiva en pacientes hematologicos del Hospital San Juan de Dios, entre enero y diciembre Nosocomial infections have become more important to the health system by the high costs of these, but are little data available about them in recent years.

    The clinical utility of the determination of serum galactomannan GMS in patients with high risk of contracting the infection by Aspergillus spp, was assessed, between January and December at the Hospital San Juan de Dios. Several existing studies in the scientific literature have already evaluated the clinical usefulness, specific data have been inexistent for Costa Rica or for Central America and the Caribbean; so it is important to have known whether the conduct of the test has been similar to the other populations or have specific variations [Spanish] Las enfermedades nosocomiales han cobrado mayor importancia para el sistema de salud por el gasto elevado que han representado, pero son pocos los datos disponibles respecto a ellas en los ultimos anos.

    La utilidad clinica de la determinacion de galactomanano serico GMS en pacientes con alto riesgo a contraer la infeccion por Aspergillus spp, fue evaluada, entre enero del y diciembre del en el Hospital San Juan de Dios. Varios estudios existentes en la literatura cientifica ya han evaluado esta utilidad clinica, datos especificos han sido inexistentes para Costa Rica, o para la region Centroamericana y el Caribe, por lo que es importante haber conocido si el comportamiento de la prueba ha sido similar a las otras poblaciones o tiene variaciones.

    En condiciones normales, todo el torotrasto deberia haber sido expulsado del rinon con la orina. Pero al aplicarlo a gran presion o si en el momento de la inyeccion el rinon estaba infectado, parte del torotrasto puede haberse depositado en los tejidos. Es posible que no se identifique por medios radiograficos un numero mayor de estos depositos porque se asemejan mucho a los depositos de calcio en el rinon y hace falta cierta experiencia para diferenciar unos de otros. Los autores, en colaboracion con la clinica de urologia de la Universidad del Sarre han descubierto siete casos en estos ultimos anos.

    Cuando el deposito se encontro exclusivamente en un rinon, cosa que ocurrio con seis pacientes, se extirpo el organo. El examen histologico revelo cinco carcinomas y en un rinon se observaron alteraciones degenerativas muy pronunciadas. Segun las observaciones de los autores, el tiempo necesario para el desarrollo de tales carcinomas es de 20 a 25 anos.

    En dos casos pudieron examinar al paciente. Hicieron todas estas determinaciones antes y despues de la nefrectomia. Asimismo, midieron los rayos gamma emitidos por el organo aislado. Partiendo de estas mediciones, es posible evaluar la dosis de radiacion. Odnako imeetsja lish' neskol'ko soobshhenij o depo torotrasta v pochkah. Nesmotrja na jeto, polagajut, chto sushhestvuet bol'shoe kolichestvo pacientov s otlozhenijami torotrasta v pochkah, kotoryj ochen' chasto ispol'zovalsja v kachestve kontrastnogo veshhestva dlja retrogradnoj pijelografii.

    V norme ves' torotrast dolzhen udaljat'sja iz pochek s mochoj. No esli torotrast vvodilsja pod bol. Algunos comentarios a La Alternativa. Full Text Available The Alternative, a Kierkegaardian work of signed with a pseudonym, presents a religious intention and focuses on the interiority exalted by the subjective thought and the indirect existential communication. Indirect communication is best for moving persons from inside in order to improve their lifes; and interiority is the path of personal enrichment because of the existential integration of knowledge in the individual.

    Objectivity suppresses interiority so the object can be known as it is; but interiority asks how does these knowledge affect one's existence and it leads to autoknowledge. Kierkegaard distinguishes the essential knowledge, that which keeps an essential relation with the existence of the individual and corresponds to subjective thought, on the one hand, from the accidental knowledge, on the other hand, that which has no essential relation with one's existence.

    Not as with the accidental, essential knowledge is communicated indirectly with the intention that the receptor turns over itself and engages in subjective thought on the transmited. Indirect communication is, then, the art of communicating essential thruths, and it is thoroughly metaphorical: Sellado marginal en restauraciones indirectas , cementadas con dos sistemas adhesivos diferentes. Indirect measurements of X-ray spectra; Mediciones indirectas de espectros de rayos X. To the effects of measuring the spectral distribution of the radiation emitted by the x-ray tubes and electron accelerators, numerous procedures that are grouped in two big categories exist at the present time: The first ones use high resolution detectors that should be positioned, together with the appropriate collimator, in the direction of the x ray beam.

    The user should be an expert in the use and correction of the obtained data by the different effects that affect the detector operation such as efficiency and resolution in terms of the energy of the detected radiation. The indirect procedures, although its are more simple to use, its also require a considerable space along the beam to position the ionization chamber and the necessary absorbents to construct by this way the denominated attenuation curve.

    We will analyze the operation principle of the indirect methods and a new proposal in which such important novelties are introduced as the beam dispersion to avoid to measure along the main beam and that of determination of the attenuation curve in simultaneous form. By this way, with a single shot of the tube, the attenuation curve is measured, being necessary at most a shot of additional calibration to know the relative response of the detectors used in the experimental array. The physical processes involved in the obtaining of an attenuation curve are very well well-known and this it finishes it can be theoretically calculated if the analytic form of the spectrum is supposed well-known.

    Finally, we will see a spectra reconstruction example with the Kramers parametric form and comparisons with numeric simulations carried out with broadly validated programs as well as the possibility of the use of solid state dosemeters in the obtention of the attenuation curve. The results shown that the increase in total solids concentration affects the rheological properties, like consistency coefficient K and an increment of the values of yield stress?

    En conclusion, on montre que la mesure de la teneur en uranium doit se faire en plusieurs etapes faisant intervenir toutes les ressources de methodes relativement simples. On indique la valeur et les limites de chaque etape. Le choix des etalons est base sur l'examen de cliches radiographiques. Au point de vue economique, on en arrive a recommander la determination de la teneur par comptage gamma chaque fois qu'une grande serie d'examens est necessaire sur des pieces de forme determinee.

    Ce sujet a deja ete traite. Le memoire relate et discute les resultats d'une experience industrielle. Es necesario conocer con precision la cantidad de uranio contenida en cada elemento combustible. Los procedimientos utilizados para esa determinacion son en principio sencillos y ademas variados; pueden citarse los siguientes: Por desgracia cada uno de esos metodos ofrece inconvenientes mas o menos graves cuando se los utiliza para controlar una produccion importante.

    La medicion de la densidad de la aleacion por el metodo de Arquimedes da resultados bastante precisos cuando se procede con cautela y cuando se conoce con exactitud la densidad de los metales que constituyen la aleacion. Ahora bien, las condiciones en que se realiza la operacion hacen que el metodo sea algo lento. Direct Measurement of Tritium in Biological Materials with the Liquid Scintillation Counter; Determination quantitative directe du tritium dans les substances biologiques, au moyen de compteurs a scintillations a liquides; Neposredstvennoe izmerenie kolichestva tritiya v biologicheskikh materialakh pri pomoshchi zhidkogo stsintillyatsionnogo schetchika; Determinacion cuantitativa directa del tritio en sustancias biologicas mediante contadores de centelleador liquido.

    L'auteur examine les techniques de correction de coupage et certains phenomenes de phosphorescence dans la mesure ou ils ont une influence sur le dispositif de comptage a un seul phototube. Cette methode, bien que moins precise que le dispositif de coincidence, l'est suffisamment pour de nombreuses applications.

    L'experience qui fait l'objet du memoire a porte sur des echantillons de tissus de souris auxquelles on avait injecte au prealable de la thymidine marquee au tritium. Sin embargo, en los trabajos respectivos se han utilizado siempre, para el recuento de la muestra, espectrometros de coincidencia de centelleador liquido. En cambio, en el presente trabajo las mediciones se han efectuado con un contador de centelleador liquido equipado con un fototubo unico. Se investigo principalmente la disolucion directa de tejido animal en la hiamina KH y el recuento del tejido liofilizado en suspension en geles de centelleo.

    El autor examina la tecnica aplicada para la correccion por extincion, asi como ciertos fenomenos de fosforescencia que afectan la determinacion en el sistema de recuento de fototubo unico. Parece que el metodo ofrece una sensibilidad suficiente para muchas aplicaciones, aunque un poco menor que la del dispositivo de recuento por coincidencias. La labor de que se informa se llevo a cabo con. The determination of sulphur in materials of high neutron absorption cross-section by fast-neutron activation analysis; Determination du soufre dans les matieres de forte section efficace d'absorption neutronique, au moyen d'une analyse par activation avec des neutrons rapides; Opredelenie sery v materialakh s bol'shim secheniem pogloshcheniya nejtronov metodom aktivatsionnogo analiza bystrykh nejtronov; Determinacion del azufre en sustancias de elevada seccion eficaz de absorcion neutronica mediante analisis por activacion con neutrones rapidos.

    The production of radiophosphorus by the fast neutron n, p reaction on sulphur is used for the determination of sulphur by activation analysis. Using this technique it is possible to determine sulphur in materials of high thermal-neutron absorption cross-section because the absorption cross-sections for fast neutrons are, in general, much lower than those for slow neutrons, so that self-shielding errors are considerably reduced. The method has been applied to the determination of sulphur in chromium and arsenic.

    Cette methode permet la determination du soufre dans les matieres de forte section efficace d'absorption des neutrons thermiques; en effet, les sections efficaces d'absorption des neutrons rapides sont, d'une maniere generale, beaucoup plus faibles que pour les neutrons lents, de sorte que les erreurs d'autoprotection se trouvent considerablement reduites. La methode a ete appliquee a la determination du soufre dans le chrome et l'arsenic.

    El empleo de esta tecnica permite efectuar determinaciones de azufre en materiales de elevada seccion eficaz de absorcion de neutrones termicos porque, en general, las. The federal law of the Revenue Agency responsibility, the national oil industry and the determination of the average price of the Mexican mixture for export: Baltierra, Lauro; Huerta, Carlos E. Como ello limita las potestades constitucionales de la Camara de Diputados al negarle la facultad, que ejercia hasta la expedicion de la Ley, para evaluar las estimaciones del Ejecutivo Federal respecto al precio promedio de la mezcla mexicana de exportacion.

    En el primer apartado se realiza un balance de como el Presupuesto de Egresos de la Federacion se proyecta como un instrumento para frenar la inversion publica en el sector petrolero. En el segundo se atienden aspectos relacionados con la estimacion de precio del petroleo a partir de la Ley de Federal de Presupuesto y Responsabilidad Hacendaria, senalando las incongruencias que significa establecer una formula para la determinacion del mismo.

    En un tercer apartado, se tratan la subvaluacion de los precios del crudo como factor clave para el uso discrecional de los excedentes petroleros. En el cuarto apartado, se analizan los Criterios Generales de Politica Economica para el ano , que conforme a la nueva Ley Federal de Presupuesto y Responsabilidad Hacendaria fueron remitidos a la Camara de Diputados por el Ejecutivo Federal en el mes de abril. Por ultimo, se presentan las estimaciones de la mezcla mexicana de exportacion para que a consideracion de los autores oscilara entre 50 y 51 dolares como promedio anual.

    La distribucion no uniforme de los vacios aconseja investigar y comprender la ley de variacion espacial del efecto cavitario sobre la reactividad. En la instalacion NORA se ha llevado a cabo un estudio experimental del efecto cavitario en condiciones fisicamente 'limpias'. En las zonas tubulares comprendidas entre las barras de combustible y sus envolturas se crean cavidades por inyeccion de aire comprimido.

    En los experimentos de barra unica, los efectos de reactividad son tan pequeflos que es preferible producir periodicamente impulsos oscilantes en el volumen cavitario y analizar la modulacion de potencia correspondiente para obtener los coeficientes de reactividad equivalentes. En el caso de las barras multiples, los experimentos se efectuan por procedimientos estaticos.

    Los autores describen la tecnica experimental y dan ejemplos de su aplicacion en la determinacion de los efectos cavitarios para una sola barra, las interacciones en el caso de las barras alrededor de las cuales se han formado cavidades y los efectos de las cavidades creadas en toda la extension del cuerpo. Neravnomernoe raspredelenie pustot delaet ne- obkhodimym izuchenie i uyasnenie prostranstvennoj zavisimosti vliyaniya pustot na velichinu reaktivnosti.

    Izuchalos' vliyanie pustot pri chistykh v fizicheskom otnoshenii usloviyakh v ustanovke NORA. EHkrany, okruzhayushchie kazhdyj otdel'nyj toplivnyj stringer, opredelyayut kol'tsevye Oblasti, v kotorykh sozdayutsya pustoty putem vvedeniya vozdukha pod davleniem. Determination of heat losses in the Cerro Prieto, Baja California, geothermal field steam transportation network based on the thermal insulation condition of the steam pipelines; Determinacion de perdidas de calor en la red de transporte de vapor del campo geotermico de Cerro Prieto, Baja California, con base en el estado fisico del aislamiento termico de vaporductos.

    En este trabajo se analiza el impacto del estado fisico del aislamiento termico sobre las perdidas de calor en las tuberias de la red de vaporductos del CGCP y se estima la magnitud de estas perdidas mediante la aplicacion de un metodo iterativo. Este metodo permitio determinar la temperatura de superficie con base en un balance de calor que considera los tres mecanismos basicos de transferencia de calor: Finalmente, con base en la determinacion de longitudes y diametros para cada estado de aislamiento de los vaporductos y en las condiciones de operacion globales de la red, se cuantifican las perdidas de calor a traves de los aislantes para toda la red de transporte.

    Los resultados obtenidos permitieron evaluar la magnitud de estas perdidas en comparacion con la perdida global de energia que ocurre durante el transporte de vapor desde los pozos hasta las plantas de generacion electrica. Determination of Fallout Radionuclides in Environmental Samples by Gamma-Ray Spectrometry; Mesure Spectrometrique Gamma des Radionucleides de Retombee Presents dans des Echantillons du Millieu; Opredelenie radioizotopov radioaktivnykh osadkov v probakh iz okruzhayushchej sredy pri pomoshchi spektrometrii gamma-luchej; Determinacion , por Espectrometria Gamma, de los Radionuclidos de Precipitaciones en Muestras del Medio Ambiente.

    Todas las muestras eran de baja actividad especffica y las determinaciones se hicieron con un especttometto de rayos gamma provisto de un cristal de Nal Tl de 8 pulg de diametro y 4 pulg de espesor, protegido de la actividad ambiente por una camara de paredes de acero de 12,7 cm de espesor y conectado a un analizador de amplitud de impulsos de canales. Los autores procedieron al recuento directo, empleando una geometria constante, de la actividad de filtros de aire del tipo de almohadilla y de grandes muestras 1 kg de forraje, grano y heces desecadas de bovidos.

    Las muestras de las precipitaciones se concentraron haciendolas pasar por columnas con resinas de intercambio cationico Dowex Tambien se procedio al recuento de la actividad de muestras de leche, carne y orina contenidas en grandes recipientes anulares de Lucite. L'auteur compare les resultats des quatre enquetes,et les examine par rapport a ceux des recherches sur l'alimentation et la sante. Liden y colaboradores, asi como su aplicacion en las investigaciones en el terreno.

    El blindaje de plomo de este aparato peso: El instrumental esta integrado por un analizador de canales, un impresor, un registrador en coordenadas cartesianas y un estabilizador, que se guardan para el transporte en cajas hermeticas a prueba de choques. El camion posee un circuito de calefaccion con termostato y dos pequenos vestuarios, A fin de calibrar elsistema para las determinaciones de cesio, se aplican dos metodos: Se administra por via oral una cantidad exactamente conocida de cesio a nc a varios sujetos y se determina la eficiencia de recuento al cabo de 3 a 6 d.

    Se determina la porcion excretada de cesio recogiendo y analizando las heces y la orina. Se somete al recuento un maniqui de material plastico relleno con 70 kg de una solucion que contiene nc de cesio Se adopto como calibracion real la obtenida mediante el primer metodo. Ademas, se controlo su valor por medio de tres mediciones de intercalibracion con otros dos laboratorios moviles de antropogammametria. Para el potasio se empezo por efectuar una calibracion preliminar usando el maniqui. La eficiencia es 2. Haya de la Torre y Av. A methodology of indirect measure of X-rays spectra, emitted by conventional tubes, was developed recently and its feasibility verified in the first place by Monte Carlo simulations.

    For that case is intended to measure, by means of plastic scintillators, attenuation curves of dispersed beams previously. In this work were carried out measurements of attenuation curves with thermoluminescent dosimeters TLD to verify the kindness of the indirect measure method. The attenuation curve was also measured using an ionization chamber brand Capintec model with the purpose of making a comparison.

    The results of the attenuation curve measured with both dosimeters present a good resolution inside the statistical fluctuations and the spectral reconstruction using diverse parametric functions is carried out in a quick and simple way with excellent resolutions in the functional form. For this reconstruction method are of fundamental importance the following properties of the used dosimeter: This parameter is the gradient of the curve thermoluminescent signal versus the dose imparted to the dosimeter.

    The measures were realized with a generator of X-rays brand Kevex provided of a conventional tube with tungsten anti cathode that polarizes with high tension to a maximum value of 50 kV and current of 0. Para evitar armonicos temporales se prescindio de los laplacianos de valor muy elevado. Se elimino el efecto de todo contenido armonico remanente mediante el empleo de un retardo adecuado.

    Se determino, para varios laplacianos, la constante de decrecimiento del modo fundamental de la poblacion de neutrones termicos. Los autores examinan las condiciones que han de satisfacerse para determinar con precision la constante C de enfriamiento por difusion. Los valores obtenidos para el BeO fueron los siguientes: Atribuyen a ese efecto la persistente discrepancia entre los valores de C obtenido para el mismo moderador por distintos investigadores. S pomoshh'ju jetogo metoda byli polucheny diffuzionnye parametry VeO. Impul'sy nejtronov poluchalis' s pomoshh'ju kas- kadnogo uskoritelja v rezul'tate pul'sirovanija istochnika ionov i ispol'zovanija reakcii Be d, n.

    Detektorom sluzhil proporcional'nyj schetchik iz obogashhennogo grehftoristogo bora. Pokazano, chto pri pravil'nom vybore polozhenija i dliny schetchika, a takzhe polozhenija istochnika, mozhno ustranit' bol'shuju chast' prostranstvennyh garmonik. Ljuboj postojannyj fon mozhet byt' uchten pri raschete postojannoj raspada. Chtoby izbezhat' vremennyh garmo- nik, ochen' bol'shie laplasiany ne ispol'zovalis'. Vse ostavshiesja garmoniki byli svedeny na net blagodarja ispol'zovaniju pravil.

    En materia de dosimetria individual, interesa, a la vez obtener lo antes posible los datos preliminares aproximados de la intensidad de la exposicion interna y externa, asi como, dentro de un plazo prudencial, datos bastante exactos, de la exposicion a que ha estado expuesta cada persona. Diversos equipos de determinacion de dosis, conocidos con el nombre de patrullas de reconocimiento, recorren los diversos sectores del recinto de la instalacion a fin de efectuar una evaluacion general de los riesgos.

    Esas patrullas que entran en accion tan pronto como se recibe la alarma estan provistas de instrumentos portatiles y recorren en automovil una serie de itinerarios previamente determinados en el emplazamiento. Los ensayos practicos realizados han puesto de manifiesto que las informaciones reunidas por las diversas patrullas llegan a la oficina central transcurridos min despues de darse la alarma, permitiendo obtener una vision clara de los niveles de radiacion dentro y fuera de los diversos edificios.

    Los aparatos portatiles incluyen dispositivos para muestreo rapido del aire que funcionan segun el principio del eyector de aire. Las dosis individuales de irradiacion externa se evaluan con ayuda de dosimetros de pelicula, por activacion de dosimetros de criticidad, asi como por analisis de la actividad del pelo y de la sangre.

    La contaminacion interna se determina mediante antropogammametria y analisis radiometrico de las excreta. Para delimitar los campos de radiacion creados por un accidente, existen diversos puntos fijos de control equipados con dosimetros de varios tipos, a cuya lectura se procede lo antes posible despues de producirse el supuesto accidente.

    De todas formas, cuando el numero de componentes es elevado o cuando se trata de esquemas de desintegracion complejos, es imposible aplicar estas dos tecnicas o evaluar los errores inherentes al calculo. La determinacion de los componentes de desintegracion por cuadrados minimos da mejores resultados que la solucion por ecuaciones simultaneas exclusivamente. Por tanto, se ha preparado un programa de computo Fortran basado en el metodo de los cuadrados minimos denominado CORD que resuelve el problema general: Dados los tiempos y el numero de cuentas por unidad de tiempo correspondientes a una muestra, los precursores radioisotopicos y esquemas de desintegracion posibles, asi como todas las constantes de desintegracion y los rendimientos de deteccion asociados, calcular la cantidad de cada precursor realmente presente en un tiempo cero preestablecido.

    Ademas, el programa permite conocer las cantidades de precursores y descendientes presentes en cada momento de toma de datos. Utilizado en un principio para la determinacion de muestras biologicas y tomadas del medio ambiente, el programa se ha concebido especialmente para analizar los datos de recuento obtenidos en la medicion de actividades alfa o beta por procedimientos distintos de los espectroscopicos. Sin embargo, deberia poder adaptarse a la medicion de la actividad gamma total y al analisis de los datos obtenidos por metodos espectroscopicos, siempre que los intervalos de energia en que estas mediciones se efectuen permitan correlacionar los datos obtenidos y las velocidades totales de desintegracion y crecimiento.

    Se estudian el perfeccionamiento del programa y los resultados obtenidos con datos teoricos y experimentales utilizados para ensayarlo. Establishment of the Processes of Absorption and Diffusion of Systemic Insecticides in Populus Euramericana Dode Guinier ''Robusta''; L'etablissement des processus d'absorption et diffusion des insecticides systemiques au Populus x Euramericana Dode Guinier ''Robista; Opredelenie protsessov pogloshcheniya i diffuzii somaticheskikh insektitsidov u Populus x Euramerican a Dode Guinier ''Robusta''; Determinacion de los procesos de absorcion y difusion de los insecticidas sistemicos en el Populus x Euramericana Dope Guinier ''Robusta''.

    Dans les experiences en laboratoire, l'insecticide a ete accumule en grandes quantites dans les feuilles et en plus petites quantites dans le bois. Tant en laboratoire qu'en pepiniere, l'insecticide a ete accumule en plus grande proportion dans les feuilles. Pourtant, on constate une augmentation importante des accumulations d'insecticide dans les rameaux et dans le bois de la tige, surtout au bout des plants, dans l'experience en pepiniere.

    L'administration des solutions sur les feuilles par pulverisation a un rendement faible d'absorption de l'insecticide, grace aussi bien au mecanisme difficile d'absorption des feuilles qu'au lavage de l'insecticide par l'eau de pluie, la rosee et le brouillard. On a decele une grande quantite d'insecticide sur le sol; c'est pourquoi les auteurs considerent que la methode d'administration des solutions d'insecticides systemiques dans le sol doit etre adoptee en priorite dans la lutte contre les ennemis des essences ligneuses.

    Hasta la aparicion de estos nuevos insecticidas era casi imposible luchar por medios quimicos contra los insectos xilofagos del tronco de los arboles. Para estudiar el mecanismo de absorcion, difusion y localizacion de los insecticidas de accion indirecta en las distintas especies de alamos y sauces que suelen verse. Les mesures, pour dix configurations de reseau differentes, comportaient la determination du laplacien, du coefficient du niveau d'eau et des facteurs de desavantage pour le flux de neutrons thermiques et epither- miques a l'interieur d'une cellule.

    Le memoire decrit les methodes de mesure. Les auteurs utilisent ensuite les donnees experimentales pour en deduire les parametres de reseau determines par le calcul du coeur du reacteur au moyen de la formule des quatre facteurs et dans une theorie de diffusion a deux groupes.

    Ils comparent ces resultats avec les calculs classiques des memes parametres pour des configurations de reseau ayant fait l'objet de mesures. En conclusion, les auteurs analysent l'utilite et l'exactitude des informations recueillies a l'aide des montages critiques en vue de l'etude et de l'exploitation d'un reacteur de recherche a uranium enrichi et eau lourde. La geometria sencilla de este conjunto facilita la interpretacion teorica de los resultados experimentales, asi como la comparacion directa con calculos efectuados segun la teoria de difusion de dos grupos.

    Entre las mediciones efectuadas para diez configuraciones diferentes de reticulado, figuraban la determinacion del laplaciano, del coeficiente de reactividad del nivel de agua y de los factores de desventaja para un flujo de neutrones termico y epitermico dentro de una celda del reactor. En la memoria se describen. Effect of the psi B gene on the indirect recombinogenesis of the lambda bacteriophage; Efecto del gen psi B sobre la recombinogenesis indirecta del bacteriofago lambda.

    Presently work, we prove if the protein psi B suppresses the indirect recombinogenesis of lambda when inhibiting the induction of the system bacterial SOS. This experimental model's advantage is that it allows to exclude the activity of co protease of RecA selectively without affecting the activity of recombinases of the same one, making possible the analysis of the paper that play both functions in the phenomenon.

    The results show that the inhibition of the activity of co protease of RecA doesn't suppress the indirect recombinogenesis of lambda. Como objetivo se propone: The objective of this descriptive study is to identify what are the main causes, reasons or circumstances that human skin is used as a writing surface. Some results are the followings: The skin is one of the means, not only to carry images but also to show some form of writing letters, numbers, words, text; 3 this study, as first approach, may be a window of opportunity to deepen the subject.

    Los resultados concuerdan satisfactoriamente con las cifras comparables disponibles. El algoritmo se ejemplifica con la ciudad de Zamora en Analysis of the viral progeny during the indirect recombinogenesis of the lambda bacteriophage; Analisis de la progenie viral durante la recombinogenesis indirecta del bacteriofago lambda. In this work the effect of the UV irradiation on the number of cells that follow the lytic via of the phage is determined, as well as the production of total particles and recombinants in irradiated individual cells and not irradiated with light UV.

    The results show that the indirect recombinogenesis of lambda is caused by a so much increment in the number of recombinant phages for cells like in the number of cells in those that happen events of viral recombination, without any significant effect on the number of bacteria that follow the lytic via of viral development. Basic aspects of the use of reverse osmosis in indirect potable reuse; Aspectos basicos de la aplicacion de la osmosis inversa a la reutilizacion potable indirecta.

    Wastewater reclamation and reuse is an increasing activity in those countries who are facing water restrictions both in quality and quantity, and it has become an integral part of water resources management. Among several applications of reclaimed wastewater, one of the most interesting and innovative is indirect potable reuse. This consists in the purposeful augmentation of surface or groundwater resources with highly treated reclaimed water which will ultimately serve as a source of drinking water.

    There are world-wide experiences confirming that this kind of application is safe. The use of reverse osmosis for wastewater reclamation is very interesting and the use of this in indirect potable reuse started more that thirty years ago, mainly in USA. However the extension of this kind of applications is in someway low, not for economic issues or technology faults,but the ignorance, distrust or public opinion rejection.

    In this paper, the most important challenges, from a technical and scientific point of view, of indirect potable reuse are discussed to allow it to be used as a safe, reliable and additional water source: Los autores idearon uno de los metodos, consistente en el analisis del ruido del reactor con un filtro de paso de banda, y perfeccionaron otros, taies como la medicion de la frecuencia de coincidencias retardadas entre los impulsos del contador en funcion del retardo, y la determinacion de la variancia relativa de las integrales de tiempo del flu jo neutronico en funcion del tiempo de integracion.

    Han estudiado en que terrenos se aplican mas ventajosamente los distintos metodos. Tambien han procurado interpretar los resultados de las mediciones precitadas y han comprobado que la interpretacion basada en un modelo cinetico simple puede aplicarse a numerosos casos practicos. Por ahora no existe ninguen metodo experimental que permita. Angamos Este , Lima 34 Peru. This study was realized in the Physics service at the Radiotherapy Department of the National Institute of Neoplasic Diseases in Lima, Peru, it was determined the activation energy, the kinetic order and the frequency factor of the fifth peak of the TLD thermoluminescent spectra using different algorithms.

    This was carried out in parallel with the implementation and design of a software and an interface associated with the Tl lecturer which allows a semiautomatic control for a thermoluminescent lecturer process. Fluorimetric determination of uranium in water; Determinacion fluorimetrica de uranio en aguas. The fluorimetric method for the determination of microquantities of uranium in water is described.

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    This method covers the determination of uranium in water in the interval from 0. These limits can be variable if the volume of the aliquot one of the base sample is changed, as well as the volume of the used aliquot one for to the final determination of uranium. Rapid determination of filamentous microorganisms in activated sludge; Determinacion rapida de microorganismos filamentosos en fangos activados. Despite many methods available biomass estimation of a bioprocess may sometimes become laborious and impracticable.

    Samples containing filamentous organisms, as in Wastewater Treatment Plants, present special counting difficulties. If they are abundant they may need to be estimated separately. In this work a counting method for these organisms is show. The main goal is to improve chlorination of activated sludge suffering bulking or foaming through a quantitative record of filamentous bacteria. Determination of Pu in soil samples; Determinacion de Pu en muestras de suelo. La Penuela, Zacatecas, Zac. The irreversible consequences of accidents occurring in nuclear plants and in nuclear fuel reprocessing sites are mainly the distribution of different radionuclides in different matrices such as the soil.

    The distribution in the superficial soil is related to the internal and external exposure to the radiation of the affected population. The internal contamination with radionuclides such as Pu is of great relevance to the nuclear forensic science, where is important to know the chemical and isotopic compositions of nuclear materials. The objective of this work is to optimize the radiochemical separation of plutonium Pu from soil samples and to determine their concentration.

    The soil samples were prepared using acid digestion assisted by microwave; purification of Pu was carried out with AG1X8 resin using ion exchange chromatography. In addition, the limit of detection and quantification of Pu was determined. Determination of Th in soils; Determinacion de Th en suelos. A method for the determination of Th in environmental soils is described.

    Hydroxides formed, previous fusion with sodium peroxide are dissolved with HNO3 8N. The thorium is coprecipitated with F3La and purified by anion exchange AG 1x8 mesh. Thorium is electroplated onto a stainless steel disc, xh is counted by alpha spectrometry and 'fn u;;ed as tracer by beta counting. Determination of dew point in natural gas; Determinacion del punto de rocio en el gas natural. The natural gas can contain water and heavy hydrocarbons very dangerous for the equipments and the pipes. This is the reason of the importance of dew point. The value of this dew point is fixed in the supply contract conditions.

    This article studies the different evaluation methods, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages Author. Determinacion de periodos fundamentales del suelo mediante vibraciones ambientales en el municipio de Humacao, Puerto Rico. La tecnica de Nakamura ha sido utilizada a nivel mundial para determinar periodos fundamentales del suelo. Mediciones de vibraciones ambientales fueron tomadas en lugares dentro del municipio de Humacao, localizado al este de Puerto Rico. Los datos se procesaron utilizando espectros de Fourier y espectros de potencia. Los resultados obtenidos con ambos espectros fueron comparados y se concluye que los mismos se complementan para proveer resultados mas confiables.

    Se crearon mapas de periodos fundamentales, factores de amplitud, isoperiodos y clasificacion sismica de sitio. Los mapas de isoperiodos fueron realizados en las zonas mas pobladas sobre depositos de suelo. El mapa de periodos fundamentales del suelo mostro buena correlacion con la geologia local. El mapa de clasificacion sismica derivado de periodos de sitio fue comparado con el mapa de clasificacion sismica derivado de barrenos geotecnicos. El mapa de clasificacion obtenido de periodos puede sobreestimar un poco algunas clasificaciones del suelo.

    Sin embargo, este mapa puede proveer un estimado aproximado de la velocidad de onda de corte promedio del suelo hasta una profundidad de pies 30 metros. Determination of the neutron mass; Determinacion de la masa del neutron. La Penuela, Zacatecas Mexico ]. The produced photon is soon a gamma ray that is emitted when the hydrogen captures a thermal neutron.

    The photon energy was measured using two spectrometric systems for gamma rays. The first detector has a bigger efficiency and a smaller resolution in comparison with the second detector. The energy of the measured photon is the binding energy of the deuteron. With the measurement of the photon energy and the masses of the proton and of the deuterium it was determined the neutron mass. The value of the mass obtained with both systems it was compared with the value reported in the literature. Determination of palladium by flame photometry; Determinacion de paladio por fotometria de llama.

    A study on the determination of palladium by lame photometry, fixing the most convent experimental conditions and using solvents to increase the emission of this elements is carried out. Among the organic solvents, acetone has been found the most efficient. The interferences produced by anions and cations have also been studied and an analytical method is related, in which lines of calibration of 0 to ppm palladium re used.

    A method for the determination of seven carbonyl compounds in air is presented. The procedure involve sampling of air by a Sep-Pak Cartridge impregnated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Elution was done with 3 mL of acetonitrile and the eluate was diluted to 5 mL. Three different types of samples rural, urban, petrol emission were successfully analyzed.

    Spectrographic determination of impurities in magnesium metal; Determinacion espectrografica de impurezas en magnesio. Except for aluminium and chromium the analysis is performed through the use of the carrier distillation technique. These two impurities are determined by burning to completion the MgO. Lithium determination is achieved by using KC1 or CsCl.

    Detection limits, on the basis of MgO, are in the range 0,1 to 30 ppm, depending on the element. Dose determination in computed tomography; Determinacion de dosis en tomografia computada. In the last years the methodologies to determine the dose in computed tomography have been revised. In this work was realized a dosimetric study about the exploration protocols used for simulation of radiotherapy treatments. The methodology described in the Report No.

    A cylindrical phantom of water was used with dimensions: The doses were determined with ionization chamber and thermoluminescent dosimetry. Determination of Tc in radioactive wastes; Determinacion de Tc en desechos radiactivos. Tc is a fission product and one of the most important radionuclides from the view point of safety assessment for the disposal of radioactive waste because of its long half-life 2.

    Tc is a pure beta emitter with a maximum energy of KeV, so their quantification imposes destructive methods to be analyzed by liquid scintillation. Therefore the quantification of Tc in ion exchange resins requires of the mineralization of these and separation of Tc of other radioisotopes present in the resin. Therefore the object of this thesis is to develop a quantification method of Tc content in spent exchange resins.

    To determine the degree of mineralization of the resins, an analysis was performed by chromatography. Quantitative spectrographic determination of zirconium minerals; Determinacion espectrografica cuantitative de circonio en minerales. The excitation is carried out by a 10 ampere continuous current arc among carbon electrodes, and placing the sample in a crater of 2 mm depth.

    Line Zr ,4, Co ,3 and Co ,2 are used. Spectrographic Determination of Trace Constituents in Rare Earths; Determinacion espectrografica de impurezas en tierras raras. A spectrographic method was developed for the determination of 18 trace elements in lanthanum, cerium, praseodimium, neodimium and samarium compounds.

    The concentrations of the impurities cover the range of 0,5 to ppm. Most of these impurities are determined by the carrier distillation method. Several more refractory elements have been determined by total burning of the sample with a direct current arc or by the conduction briquet excitation technique with a high voltage condensed spark. Spectrophotometric determination of silica in water. Low range; Determinacion espectrofotometrica de silicio en aguas. The spectrophotometric method for the determination of the silica element in water, demineralized water, raw waters, laundry waters, waters treated with ion exchange resins and sea waters is described.

    These limits its can be variable if the size of the used aliquot one is changed for the final determination of the silica element. Fluorescence uranium determination; Determinacion de uranio por fluorescencia.

    Proyecto de equipo y comprobacion. An equipment for analysis of uranium by fluorescence was developed in order to determine it at such a low concentration that it can not be determined by the most sensible analytical methods. Determination of electrodebiles parameters of quark b; Determinacion de los parametros electrodebiles del quark b. From the measurements of the cross-sections and the charge asymmetry we determine the parameters of the b quark in the framework of the Standard Model. Finally, we parametrize the possible deviations from the model an obtain upper and lower.

    Qualitative chemical analysis of plutonium by Alpha spectroscopy. In this work the separation and purification of plutonium from irradiated uranium was done. Plutonium was separated from the fission products and uranium by ion exchange using the resin Ag 1 X 8. It was electrodeposited on stainless steel discs and the alpha radioactivity of plutonium was measured in a surface barrier detector. Determination of the thermal conductivity of metallic coatings; Determinacion de la conductividad termica de recubrimientos metalicos. Due to the corrosion by high temperature there is a serious problem of unavailability and efficiency of the steam generators in the thermoelectric power stations.

    One of the parts that is more affected by this phenomenon is the superheater tube banks. In order to diminish this problem it is intended to apply to these tubes a metallic coating nickel and chromium based 80Ni20Cr , the deposition of the coating is made by the method of thermal spraying of powders by flame. The coating thickness once it has been deposited is of the order of mm, it is doubtless that the thermal flow between gases of combustion and the fluid conducted in the tubes is affected. That is why it is important to know the thermal conductivity of the coating in order to evaluate the impact that it has in the operation of the steam generator.

    This necessity is the one that gives rise to the present thesis project, in which a technique that allows to measure the thermal conductivity of the coating is designed. The experimentation is carried out taking as departure point the ASTM norm E and is adapted to the characteristics of the material to prove. A test piece of stainless steel was designed to measure the thermal flow that traverses the coating. First the experimental installation was characterized in order to determine its reliability. Later the experimentation was made finding an average thermal conductivity of 2.

    This value is If we consider that in the high temperature banks of the steam generators the thermal flow is in the interval from Please note that for the highest thermal flow a maximum affectation of 4 Celsuis degrees is obtained. This value is small when it is compared with the effect that introduces the deposition of slag in these banks of tubes, that is in the order of 50 to Celsuis degrees approximately, for this interval of thermal flows.

    Una de las partes mas afectadas por este fenomeno son los bancos de tubos de los sobrecalentadores. Con el objeto de disminuir dicho problema se pretende aplicar a los tubos antes mencionados un recubrimiento metalico a base de niquel y cromo 80Ni20Cr , la deposicion del recubrimiento se hace por el metodo de termorrociado de polvos por flama.

    El espesor del recubrimiento una vez que ha sido depositado es del orden de mm, es indudable que el flujo termico entre los gases de combustion y el fluido conducido en los tubos se ve afectado. Por esto es importante conocer la conductividad termica del recubrimiento a fin de evaluar el impacto que se tiene en el funcionamiento del generador de vapor.

    Esta necesidad es la que da lugar al presente proyecto de tesis, en el cual se disena una tecnica que permite medir la conductividad termica del recubrimiento. La experimentacion se lleva a cabo tomando como punto de partida la norma E de la ASTM y se adecua a las caracteristicas del material a probar. Se diseno una probeta de acero inoxidable para medir el flujo termico que atraviesa el recubrimiento.

    Primero se caracterizo la instalacion experimental a fin de determinar su confiabilidad. Posteriormente se realizo la experimentacion encontrandose una conductividad termica promedio de Este valor es Notese que para el mas alto flujo termico se tiene una afectacion maxima de 4 grados Celsius.

    Este valor es pequeno cuando se le compara con el efecto que introduce la deposicion de escoria en dichos bancos de tubos que es del orden de 50 a grados Celsius aproximadamente para dicho intervalo de flujos termicos. Full Text Available Life and Death are wearing me out is a Chinese novel based on the history happened in China during the second half of Twentieth Century. The Spanish version was indirectly translated from English and published in As an indirect translation from the English version, the Spanish version motivates the task of clarifying the translation strategies of these two translated texts.

    This clarification was achieved by comparing the two translated versions with the original Chinese text. The primary objective of this research is to reflect on the indirect translation of Chinese Literature to the Spanish with the example of Life and Death are wearing me out. And to reach our objective, we compared and contrasted the cultural elements of the original text with the two translate texts based on the cultural characteristic of this novel in the hope to explore the abundant cultural wealth in this novel.

    Life and Death are wearing me out is a Chinese novel based on the history happened in China during the second half of Twentieth Century. The energy transmitted cause a displacement in cephalic direction, and change in the opposite direction when the blood flows in the descending aorta. The system is formed by three parts: The first description was made by Dr.