Manual The Other Side of Evolution

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Illustration: Max Ellis. It sounds so reasonable, doesn't it? Why not teach "both sides" and let the children decide for themselves? As President.
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On September 13, the band played their No.

The Other Side of Surfing | LANGBRETT

The band also mime to "Wild Child". Recorded December 15, The song "Gloria" appeared on the live album Alive, She Cried in A compilation video of live performances was created for MTV. Kit Fitzgerald's music video recreated the album cover for Strange Days. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.

There are no hard-and-fast rules, however. Many fish, for example, consistently turn in the same direction when faced with a predator, apparently so that they can use a specific eye and brain hemisphere to deal with the situation, but a study of 16 different species found that the preferred direction varied between species, no matter how closely related they were Laterality , vol 5, p Similarly, parrots can be left-footed, right-footed or ambidextrous.

The side preference can even differ within a species according to gender: tomcats tend to fish tuna out of a jar with their left paw, while females prefer their right paw. Lateralisation is caused by the way the brain is organised, with certain regions predisposed to handle certain aspects of cognition.

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Generally, only one side of the brain will contain the region that handles a given aspect of cognition. So a preference for a particular side therefore depends on which of these regions are typically involved in the task. Since there might be multiple ways of performing a task, each using different regions of the brain, a preference for one side may just be a symptom of the chosen cognitive strategy.

In that case, the brain organisation underlying lateralisation may still have arisen in early ancestors, even if specific side preferences have shifted over the years.

The Other Side Extended Evolution

What, then, ultimately determines the direction and level of lateralisation in an individual? Genetics will certainly play a part, but environmental factors can have an impact too. Fortunately, this observation allowed Rogers to test the possible advantages of a brain bias in , by hatching broods with either strong or weak lateralisation. She had the notion that a lateralised brain, with each hemisphere processing input from a different eye, might help chicks to do two tasks simultaneously — watching out for predators with one eye while searching for food with the other.

Surprise attacks

So she studied the behaviour of the two groups of chicks presented with a smattering of grains among small pebbles under the threatening silhouette of a fake predator bird flying overhead. As expected, the chicks incubated in the light looked for grains mainly with their right eye, while using the left eye to check out the predator. The chicks incubated in the dark, however, had trouble deciding where to look. They had no preferred eye for foraging or checking on the predator and became so distracted by the challenge of multitasking that they actually became less likely to detect the predator.

Southpaws: The evolution of handedness

And their ability to spot the grain declined over the course of the experiment Proceedings of the Royal Society B , vol , p S Similar results probably hold true for many other animals. Angelo Bisazza at the University of Padua in Italy, for example, has studied goldbelly topminnows with different levels of brain lateralisation. With the threat of a predator looming over them, the strongly lateralised fish caught tasty brine shrimp twice as fast as weakly lateralised ones. Assigning different jobs to different brain halves may be especially advantageous for animals such as birds and fish, whose eyes are placed on the side of their heads so that there is little overlap between the two visual fields.

Processing input from each side separately, with different tasks in mind, would seem a natural way to distribute their resources. What about animals that prefer to use a specific paw or foot for almost all tasks, for example? This led Maria Magat and Culum Brown at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia, to wonder if there were a more general cognitive advantage that might apply to any lateralised animal.

Animal: The Other Side of Evolution by Ana Rajcevic

To investigate, they turned to parrots, which, like humans, can be either strongly right or left-footed or totally ambidextrous. Added to Watchlist.


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