Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (German Edition)

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

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Click here Would you like to report this content as inappropriate? Click here Do you believe that this item violates a copyright? The extensive territories ruled by the Habsburgs but outside of the Holy Roman Empire are not indicated on the map. The political situation that prevailed in Mozart's lifetime did not long endure, with radical changes resulting from the Napoleonic Wars.

The wars also had drastic consequences for Salzburg. In it was occupied by Napoleon's troops; the reigning prince-archbishop Hieronymus von Colloredo Mozart's old employer had to flee. The Austrian Empire underwent further political evolution, ultimately disintegrating in at the end of the First World War, at which time the small residual nation of Austria —including the old territory of Salzburg—was created. As noted above, there was no country called "Germany" in Mozart's day; rather, there were hundreds of independent or quasi-independent German-speaking states.

Of these, Prussia blue on the map was already on the rise, expanding its territory, and it was under Prussian leadership that Germany was ultimately unified in However, the word "German" in German: Mozart himself used the word "German" in this sense, and apparently felt a sense of national or ethnic pride in being German.

The following passage, from a letter to his father Leopold , attests to this:. I believe I am capable of bringing honor to any court—and if Germany, my beloved Fatherland, of which, as you know, I am proud, will not take me up—well, let France or England, in God's name become the richer by another talented German—and that to the disgrace of the German nation! A series of similar recorded utterances from Mozart is given by Kerst and may be accessed on line. Roselli , 10 asserts that "Mozart was born into a part of Europe where nationality in the modern sense did not exist.

As can be seen, evidence is available to support a variety of opinions about Mozart's nationality.

Thus, he was Austrian because the town in which he was born and raised is now in Austria, and because he made his career in Vienna, the Austrian capital. The scholars who prepare biographies and reference works have made varying choices in assigning Mozart a nationality. Robbins Landon , makes no mention of a nationality.

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Sources describing Mozart as German are more abundant in earlier work, particularly before the founding of the modern nation-state of Austria in A London newspaper, reporting the composer's death in , referred to him as "the celebrated German composer". Sources sometimes have changed their practice over time. The Grove dictionary did not always call Mozart "Austrian"; the designation appears to have added with the first edition of the "New Grove" in Similarly, Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians did not originally offer a nationality but added the word "Austrian" to its opening sentence for the 8th edition and has retained it since.

Peter Branscombe 's brief biography , begins with the description "composer and keyboard player"—in an encyclopedia that otherwise always specifies the nationality of composers, suggesting the omission of nationality may have been deliberate. Other authors who say nothing about Mozart's nationality whether deliberately or not are Hermann Abert , [47] Maynard Solomon , [48] and Robbins Landon, mentioned above; and among encyclopedias the Riemann Musik Lexicon , and the International Cyclopedia of Music and Musicians The prestigious German music encyclopedia Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart lists no nationality, but this follows the policy it applies to all composers.

Some sources mention both nationalities: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Modern Austria came into being in ; Germany in The German equivalent is quite common. At the time Augsburg was, like Salzburg, a small independent state; i.