Lyra: Roman (German Edition)

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The fantasy elements include witches and armoured polar bears ; the trilogy also alludes to concepts from physics , philosophy and theology. It functions in part as a retelling and inversion of John Milton 's epic Paradise Lost , [1] with Pullman commending humanity for what Milton saw as its most tragic failing, original sin. The London Royal National Theatre staged a two-part adaptation of the series in — Pullman followed the trilogy with two shorter books set in the same universe, Lyra's Oxford and Once Upon a Time in the North The trilogy takes place across a multiverse , moving between many parallel worlds.

In Northern Lights , the story takes place in a world with some similarities to our own; dress-style resembles that of the UK's Victorian era , and technology has not evolved to include automobiles or fixed-wing aircraft, while zeppelins feature as a notable mode of transport. The dominant religion has parallels with Christianity , [3] and is at certain points in the series especially in the later books explicitly named so; while Adam and Eve are referenced in the text particularly in The Subtle Knife , in which Dust tells Mary Malone that Lyra Belacqua is a new Eve to whom she is to be the serpent , Jesus is not.

In The Amber Spyglass the story crosses through an array of diverse worlds. Into this wilde Abyss, The Womb of nature and perhaps her Grave, Of neither Sea, nor Shore, nor Air, nor Fire, But all these in their pregnant causes mixt Confus'dly, and which thus must ever fight, Unless th' Almighty Maker them ordain His dark materials to create more Worlds, Into this wilde Abyss the warie fiend Stood on the brink of Hell and look'd a while, Pondering his Voyage; for no narrow frith He had to cross.

Pullman earlier proposed to name the series The Golden Compasses , also a reference to Paradise Lost , [6] where they denote God's circle-drawing instrument used to establish and set the bounds of all creation:. Then staid the fervid wheels, and in his hand He took the golden compasses, prepared In God's eternal store, to circumscribe This universe, and all created things: One foot he centered, and the other turned Round through the vast profundity obscure.

Despite the confusion with the other common meaning of compass the navigational instrument The Golden Compass became the title of the American edition of Northern Lights the book features an " alethiometer ", a rare truth-telling device that one might describe as a "golden compass". She warns Asriel, then spies on his lecture about Dust , mysterious elementary particles. Lyra's friend Roger is kidnapped by child abductors known as the "Gobblers".

Carlos Benjamin de Lyra

Lyra is adopted by a charming socialite, Mrs Coulter. The Master secretly entrusts her with an alethiometer, a truth-telling device. Lyra discovers that Coulter is the leader of the Gobblers, a secret Church-funded project, which is abducting children. Lyra flees to the Gyptians , canal -faring nomads , whose children have also been abducted. They reveal to Lyra that Asriel and Coulter are actually her parents. The Gyptians form an expedition to the Arctic with Lyra to rescue the children. Lyra recruits Iorek Byrnison , an armoured bear , and his human aeronaut friend, Lee Scoresby.

She also learns that Lord Asriel has been exiled, guarded by the bears on Svalbard. Lyra is captured and taken to Bolvangar, where she is reunited with Roger. Coulter tells Lyra that the intercision prevents the onset of troubling adult emotions. Lyra and the children are rescued by Scoresby, Iorek, the Gyptians, and Serafina Pekkala 's flying witch clan.

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She tricks Iofur into fighting Iorek, who arrives with the others to rescue Lyra. Iorek kills Iofur and takes his place as the rightful king. He tells Lyra that the Church believes Dust is the basis of sin , and plans to visit the other universes and destroy its source. Lyra determines to stop Asriel and discover the source of Dust for herself.

Here Lyra meets Will Parry , a twelve-year-old boy from our world. Venturing into Will's our world, Lyra meets Dr. Mary Malone, a physicist who is researching what she calls Shadow Particles, which are the same as Lyra's Dust. One edge of the knife can divide even subatomic particles and form subtle divisions in space, creating portals between worlds; the other edge easily cuts through any form of matter. After meeting with witches from Lyra's world, they journey on. Scoresby dies defending Grumman from the forces of the Church.

Grumman turns out to be Will's long-lost father and he succeeds in reuniting with his son before he is murdered by a witch who loved him but was turned down. After his father's death, Will discovers that Lyra has been kidnapped and he is approached by two angels requesting his aid. The Amber Spyglass tells of Lyra's kidnapping by her mother, Mrs.


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Coulter , an agent of the Magisterium who has learned of the prophecy identifying Lyra as the next Eve. Will ignores the angels; with the help of a local girl named Ama, the Bear King Iorek Byrnison , and Lord Asriel 's Gallivespian spies, the Chevalier Tialys and the Lady Salmakia , he rescues Lyra from the cave where her mother has hidden her from the Magisterium, which has become determined to kill her before she yields to temptation and sin like the original Eve. Mary Malone , a scientist from Will's world interested in "shadows" or Dust in Lyra's world , travels to a land populated by strange sentient creatures called Mulefa.

There she comes to understand the true nature of Dust, which is both created by and nourishes life which has become self-aware. Lord Asriel and the reformed Mrs.

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Coulter work to destroy the Authority's Regent Metatron. They succeed, but themselves suffer annihilation in the process by pulling Metatron into the abyss. The Authority himself dies of his own frailty when Will and Lyra free him from the crystal prison wherein Metatron had trapped him, able to do so because an attack by cliff-ghasts kills or drives away the prison's protectors. The book ends with Will and Lyra falling in love but realising they cannot live together in the same world, because all windows — except one from the underworld to the world of the Mulefa — must be closed to prevent the loss of Dust, because with every window opening, a Spectre would be created and that meant Will must never use the knife again.

Also because each of them can only live full lives in their native worlds. This is the temptation that Mary was meant to give them; to help them fall in love and then choose whether they should stay together or not. Lyra loses her ability to intuitively read the alethiometer and determines to learn how to use her conscious mind to achieve the same effect.


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It is the physical manifestation of a person's 'inner being', soul or spirit. It takes the form of a creature moth, bird, dog, monkey, snake, etc. An armoured bear's armour is his soul. Pullman has identified three major literary influences on His Dark Materials: Critics have compared the trilogy with The Chronicles of Narnia , by C. Pullman however has characterised the Narnia series as "blatantly racist", "monumentally disparaging of women", "immoral", and "evil". This is the first time that such an award has been bestowed on a book from their "children's literature" category.

In June it was voted, in an online poll, as the best Carnegie Medal winner in the seventy-year history of the award, the Carnegie of Carnegies. The Observer cites Northern Lights as one of the best novels. On 19 May , Pullman attended the British Library in London to receive formal congratulations for his work from culture secretary Tessa Jowell "on behalf of the government". At the time, only His Dark Materials and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire amongst the top five works lacked a screen-adaptation the film version of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire , which came fifth, was released in His Dark Materials has occasioned controversy, primarily amongst some Christian groups.

Cynthia Grenier, in the Catholic Culture , said: His Church is an instrument of oppression, and true heroism consists of overthrowing both". Donohue of the Catholic League has described Pullman's trilogy as "atheism for kids". In a November interview Pullman was asked to respond to the Catholic Herald calling his books "the stuff of nightmares" and "worthy of the bonfire". I think it's comical, it's just laughable". Pullman expressed surprise over what he think is a relatively low level of criticism for His Dark Materials on religious grounds, saying "I've been surprised by how little criticism I've got.

Harry Potter's been taking all the flak Meanwhile, I've been flying under the radar, saying things that are far more subversive than anything poor old Harry has said.

New PDF release: Lyra: Roman (German Edition) - Avtorizatsiia Book Archive

My books are about killing God". Pullman found support from some other Christians, most notably from Rowan Williams , the former Archbishop of Canterbury spiritual head of the Anglican Communion , who argued that Pullman's attacks focus on the constraints and dangers of dogmatism and the use of religion to oppress , not on Christianity itself. Pullman renames various common objects or ideas of our world with archaic terms or new words of his own. Below are some of these renamings and new words.

The first of two short books, Lyra's Oxford takes place two years after the timeline of The Amber Spyglass. A witch who seeks revenge for her son's death in the war against the Authority draws Lyra, now 15, into a trap. Birds mysteriously rescue her and Pan, and she makes the acquaintance of an alchemist, formerly the witch's lover.

After winning his hot-air balloon, Scoresby heads to the North, landing on the Arctic island Novy Odense, where he is pulled into a conflict between the oil tycoon Larsen Manganese, the corrupt mayoral candidate Ivan Poliakov, and his longtime enemy from the Dakota Country, Pierre McConville. The story tells of Lee and Iorek's first meeting and of how they overcame these enemies. A short story originally released exclusively as an audiobook by Audible in December , narrated by actor Bill Nighy. The story alludes to the early life of Mrs Coulter and is set in the senior common room of an Oxford college.

The first book, La Belle Sauvage , was published on 19 October In August , Pullman said: Once Upon a Time in the North will be a dark blue book. There still remains a green book. And that will be Will's book. It was first broadcast in , and re-broadcast in both and in , and was and released by the BBC on CD and cassette.

Nicholas Hytner directed a theatrical version of the books as a two-part, six-hour performance for London's Royal National Theatre in December , running until March The play was enormously successful and was revived with a different cast and a revised script for a second run between November and April It has since been staged by several other theatres in the UK and elsewhere.

This version toured the UK and included a performance in Pullman's hometown of Oxford. Pullman made a cameo appearance much to the delight of the audience and Oxford media. The production finished up at West Yorkshire Playhouse in June Directed by Chris Weitz , the production had a mixed reception, and though worldwide sales were strong, its U. The filmmakers obscured the explicitly Biblical character of the Authority to avoid offending viewers. Weitz declared that he would not do the same for the planned sequels.

I will not be involved with any 'watering down' of books two and three, since what I have been working towards the whole time in the first film is to be able to deliver on the second and third". Nothing can bring out all that's in the book. There are always compromises".

Coulter, and Daniel Craig as Lord Asriel.

Spyros Giasafakis: improvisation in 'ancient' Greek lyra at the Wave Gotik Treffen 2013

No sequels are planned. Compass actor Sam Elliott blamed the Catholic Church's opposition for forcing their cancellation, but UK Guardian film critic Stuart Heritage thought that critical "disappointment" with the first film may have been the real reason. He said, "It's at an exciting point where we're just … trying to work out what works," and that he wanted to ensure that they were being loyal to the books.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see His Dark Materials disambiguation. Cover of Scholastic collected edition, Locations in His Dark Materials. Characters of His Dark Materials. Airships are the dominant form of air travel in Lyra's world, which need to dock at a tower rather than on the land.

A "truth teller", a rare device in Lyra's world which resembles a four-handed pocket watch, it can truthfully answer any possible question asked by a skilled user. From aletheia Ancient Greek: Anbaric , and the prefix anbaro-: Both words derive from the electrostatic properties of amber. Research into particle physics. Rubber and possibly also plastic, from the Quechuan word cauchuc or caoutchouc , meaning the sap of the rubber tree. All scientific enquiry derives from the church and so the language that describes it has religious overtones a chapel is ordinarily a place of religious worship.

The head of a scientific laboratory. Sometimes hot chocolate ; other times "a bar of chocolatl" a chocolate bar. From chocolatl , the Nahuatl word for chocolate. An underground railway station. Apollo was furious, but after hearing the sound of the lyre, his anger faded. Apollo offered to trade the herd of cattle for the lyre. Hence, the creation of the lyre is attributed to Hermes. Other sources credit it to Apollo himself.

Locales in southern Europe , western Asia , or north Africa have been proposed as the historic birthplace of the genus. The instrument is still played in north-eastern parts of Africa. Some of the cultures using and developing the lyre were the Aeolian and Ionian Greek colonies on the coasts of Asia ancient Asia Minor, modern day Turkey bordering the Lydian empire. Some mythic masters like Musaeus , and Thamyris were believed to have been born in Thrace , another place of extensive Greek colonization.

The name kissar cithara given by the ancient Greeks to Egyptian box instruments reveals the apparent similarities recognized by Greeks themselves. The cultural peak of ancient Egypt , and thus the possible age of the earliest instruments of this type, predates the 5th century classic Greece. This indicates the possibility that the lyre might have existed in one of Greece's neighboring countries, either Thrace , Lydia , or Egypt , and was introduced into Greece at pre-classic times. The number of strings on the classical lyre varied at different epochs and possibly in different localities—four, seven, and ten having been favorite numbers.

They were used without a fingerboard , no Greek description or representation having ever been met with that can be construed as referring to one. Nor was a bow possible, the flat sound-board being an insuperable impediment.


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The pick, or plectrum, however, was in constant use. It was held in the right hand to set the upper strings in vibration; when not in use, it hung from the instrument by a ribbon. The fingers of the left hand touched the lower strings presumably to silence those whose notes were not wanted. There is no evidence as to the stringing of the Greek lyre in the heroic age. Plutarch says that Olympus and Terpander used but three strings to accompany their recitation.

As the four strings led to seven and eight by doubling the tetrachord, or series of four tones filling in the interval of a perfect fourth, so the trichord is connected with the hexachord or six-stringed lyre depicted on many archaic Greek vases. The accuracy of this representation cannot be insisted upon, the vase painters being little mindful of the complete expression of details; yet one may suppose their tendency would be rather to imitate than to invent a number.

It was their constant practice to represent the strings as being damped by the fingers of the left hand of the player, after having been struck by the plectrum held in the right hand. Lyre from various times and places are sometimes regarded by organologists as a branch of the zither family, a general category that includes not only zithers, but many different stringed instruments, such as lutes , guitars , kantele , and psalteries.

Others view the lyre and zither as being two separate classes. Those specialists maintain that the zither is distinguished by strings spread across all or most of its soundboard, or the top surface of its sound-chest, also called soundbox or resonator, as opposed to the lyre, whose strings emanate from a more or less common point off the soundboard, such as a tailpiece. Examples of that difference include a piano a keyed zither and a violin referred to by some as a species of fingerboard lyre. Some specialists even argue that instruments such as the violin and guitar belong to a class apart from the lyre because they have no yokes or uprights surmounting their resonators as "true" lyres have.

This group they usually refer to as the lute class, after the instrument of that name, and include within it the guitar, the violin, the banjo , and similar stringed instruments with fingerboards. Those who differ with that opinion counter by calling the lute, violin, guitar, banjo, and other such instruments "independent fingerboard lyres," as opposed to simply "fingerboard lyres" such as the Welsh crwth , which have both fingerboards and frameworks above their resonators. The so-called lyres of Ur , excavated in ancient Mesopotamia modern Iraq , date to BC and are considered to be the world's oldest surviving stringed instruments.

Over time, the name in the wider Hellenic space came to be used to label mostly bowed lutes such as the Byzantine lyra , the Pontic lyra , the Constantinopolitan lyra , the Cretan lyra , the lira da braccio , the Calabrian lira , the lijerica , the lyra viol , the lirone. Other instruments known as lyres have been fashioned and used in Europe outside the Greco-Roman world since at least the Iron Age. There is no clear evidence that non-Greco-Roman lyres were played exclusively with plectra, and numerous instruments regarded by some as modern lyres are played with bows.

Lyres appearing to have emerged independently of Greco-Roman prototypes were used by the Germanic and Celtic peoples over a thousand years ago. Dates of origin, which probably vary from region to region, cannot be determined, but the oldest known fragments of such instruments are thought to date from around the sixth century of the Common Era. After the bow made its way into Europe from the Middle-East , around two centuries later, it was applied to several species of those lyres that were small enough to make bowing practical.

There came to be two broad classes of bowed European yoke lyres: The last surviving examples of instruments within the latter class were the Scandinavian talharpa and the Finnish jouhikko. Different tones could be obtained from a single bowed string by pressing the fingernails of the player's left hand against various points along the string to fret the string. The last of the bowed yoke lyres with fingerboard was the "modern" c.

It had several predecessors both in the British Isles and in Continental Europe. Pitch was changed on individual strings by pressing the string firmly against the fingerboard with the fingertips. Like a violin, this method shortened the vibrating length of the string to produce higher tones, while releasing the finger gave the string a greater vibrating length, thereby producing a tone lower in pitch. This is the principle on which the modern violin and guitar work.