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BE A TURTLE and Other Secrets to a Happy Life is a book about going your own pace and marching to the beat of your own drum when the.
Table of contents
- Leatherback Sea Turtle
- Turtle Foundation – Protecting sea turtles and their habitats
- Related Stories
This temperature effect is substantial. Increases in air and sea surface temperatures related to global warming and shifting regional climate patterns have had substantial effects on the sex ratios of some species.
Leatherback Sea Turtle
Hatching consists of two separate events: exiting the egg and emerging from the nest. Hatchlings have a small, pointed, keratinous bump caruncle on the tip of the snout. This structure is analogous to the egg tooth possessed by hatchling birds and some other reptiles. The caruncle is pushed against the inner surface of the eggshell, breaking it. The hatchling then tears a larger opening and climbs out of the shell. After a pause to uncurl its body and shell from the cramped conditions within the egg, the hatchling begins to dig upward.
This may be an individual effort, but usually several hatchlings dig together, helping one another. In sea turtles a collective effort is required because a single hatchling lacks the energy and time to do it alone. Upon reaching the surface, hatchlings of aquatic species move to the water ; terrestrial ones make their way into leaf litter or dense vegetation to avoid predators. Eggs and hatchlings are the most vulnerable life stages, and many become a meal for almost any predator in their habitat.
Article Media.
Turtle Foundation – Protecting sea turtles and their habitats
Info Print Print. Table Of Contents. Submit Feedback. Thank you for your feedback. Introduction Form and function Natural history Habitats Feeding behaviour Reproduction Reproductive age and activity Courtship and copulation Nesting and egg laying Egg development and hatching Longevity Origin and evolution Classification. Load Previous Page.
- Not Yeti.
- Alligator Snapping Turtle Conservation.
- Doctrine and Covenants Made Easier Volume 3.
Reproduction All turtles lay their eggs on land, and none show parental care. Read More on This Topic. Load Next Page.
More About. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Hermes had invited all the animals, but the turtle did not show up. When an angry Hermes demanded to know why it had not come to the feast, the turtle responded that it preferred its own home. Enraged, Hermes made the animal carry its house forever after. For many years, the oldest known members of the turtle lineage were Proterochersis and Proganochelys , which are best known from Germany and Poland. They are about million years old.
Although less advanced in many ways than present-day turtles, these two stem-turtles already had fully formed shells, providing little insight into the origin of the turtle shell. The origin of a biological structure as complex as the turtle shell confronted zoologists with a dilemma.
Unless a complete shell suddenly evolved, its development would have taken place in a number of steps. This puzzled researchers because it was not clear what survival advantage each intermediate step would confer. Until just a few years ago, the major problem in searching for fossils of turtle precursors was that paleontologists could not easily imagine what something on the way to becoming a turtle might look like. Several researchers suggested that bony plates embedded in the skin, called osteoderms, which are found in crocodilians and some other reptiles, had fused to the underlying bones of the turtle to form a solid bony shell.
This idea was refuted by zoologists, who since the early 19th century, have studied modern turtle embryos to trace how the shell develops.
Their work established that the various parts of the shell develop from different parts of the skeleton. Much of the carapace is derived from the backbone and ribs. Within a disk of connective tissue on the back of the turtle embryo, the trunk ribs broaden and grow straight out to the sides, rather than curving downwards to enclose the trunk as it does for most reptiles. This explains how the shoulder girdle, which lies outside the ribcage in other reptiles, ends up inside the ribcage and shell in turtles.
Related Stories
The origin of the plastron covering the underside of the turtle is less obvious. The bones at the front end of the plastron correspond to the clavicles and to a bone connecting the clavicles along the midline, or the interclavicle, in the shoulder girdle of other reptiles. The first fossil reptile showing some resemblances to turtles was discovered in million-year-old rocks in South Africa in the s.
This unusual animal, called Eunotosaurus , has a short trunk with unusually broad and strongly curved ribs, which partially overlap one another. However, it differed from turtles in many ways, and paleontologists long dismissed the similarities between the two as the result of independent evolution. Based on studies of more recently discovered fossils of this reptile, my former Smithsonian colleague Tyler Lyson and his collaborators recently revived the idea that Eunotosaurus was a distant precursor of turtles.
In , the discovery in China of a nearly million years old fossil of an undisputed turtle precursor, represented a major advance in our understanding of the evolution of the turtle shell. This reptile, Odontochelys , apparently lived near or in coastal waters. The fossil has broad, rather straight trunk ribs and lacks any kind of carapace. The great surprise was that it already has a fully formed plastron covering its underside, just as in present-day turtles.
Odontochelys was a stem-turtle on a half shell. With this single meticulously researched volume, Hans-Dieter Sues paints a complete portrait of reptilian evolution. Numerous photographs of key specimens from around the world introduce readers to the reptilian fossil record, and color images of present-day reptiles illustrate their diversity.
In life, Pappochelys would have resembled a small chubby lizard more than a turtle. To gain admission, one must correctly answer a number usually three or four from a list of questions, each of which suggests a vulgar, lewd, or salacious answer, but the actual correct answer is rather innocuous. It is assumed that all prospective Turtles own a diabetic donkey, or one of a sweet and kindly disposition; therefore once inducted, a member must reply to the question "Are you a Turtle? A large part of the tradition of the order involves the qualifying questions that prospective members have to answer.
These fun questions are actually small riddles : each suggests a vulgar or lewd answer, but the candidate has to provide a completely innocuous answer. The obvious answer to this question would be "pee" or "urinate", but the correct answer is "shake hands" as western etiquette demands that a man needs to rise from his seat to shake hands, while a woman needs not.
A candidate must answer four from a list of twenty-five of such questions. During the Mercury-Atlas 8 mission part of the United States space program , astronaut Wally Schirra was asked by a ground controller whether he was a turtle. Not wanting to use vulgar language while his communications were being broadcast worldwide, he temporarily stopped transmitting while he gave the required response "YBYSAIA". Deke Slayton, a mere three minutes into Sigma 7 ' s flight, came on the radio, which was open for everyone to hear, and asked, "Hey, Wally, are you a turtle?
On the open line, he said, "Rog. Schirra played the recorder. Wally Schirra's membership in the Ancient Order of Turtles came up again during Apollo 7, which was captured by the in-flight recorder :.