Manual Eventus Stultorum Magister: Two Short Stories

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The third emblem of this group (23; 'Eventus stultorum magister'; Accident is the i.e it is easy to be wise after the event) draws on the story of Milon of Croton to a large variety of things, representing the two sides of her traditional persona.
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This saying can be found in the Adagia compiled by Polydorus Vergilius, a contemporary of Erasmus, the author of the most famous collection of Latin proverbs or "adagia. In his commentary on this particular saying , Polydorus notes that hunters would trick the deer by using the dogs to drive the stags right into an ambush where the hunters would be able to shoot the fleeing deer with arrows. Polydorus also notes a comparison to the Book of Proverbs in the Bible: Stultus eam sequitur quasi bos ductus ad victimam, sicut irretitur vinculo cervus, donec transfigat sagitta iecur eius; velut si avis festinet ad laqueum et nescit quod de periculo animae illius agitur , "The fool follows her like a cow led to sacrifice, like a deer caught in a snare, until the arrow pierces its liver; as if a bird rushed into the net and did not know that it was a matter of danger to its own life.

Polydorus can thus make his claim as having published the first modern collection of Latin proverbs, but it was Erasmsus's book which set the standard for the proverb collections that were subsequently published in all the countries of Europe. Polydorus was an Italian scholar, born in Urbino in , who spent much of his career in England, where he died in Polydorus is most famous for his book De inventoribus rerum, "On the Inventors of Things," which was a best-seller during the Renaissance , although it is largely forgotten today.

You can read more about Polydorus, including his involvement in the tumult of 16th-century English history, in this detailed wikipedia article. So here is today's proverb read out loud: Cervus ad sagittam properat. February 24, In pace leones, in proelio cervi. In English: In peace, they are lions; in battle, deer. Yesterday's proverb created a similar opposition: "In the palace, lions; in the camp, rabbits. You can see the deer's cowardice expressed in this very nice Aesop's fable about the dialogue between the young fawn and the older deer.

Here is the story as told in a Latin textbook for schoolboys, circa Hinnuleus quondam patrem suum his verbis interrogasse dicitur: Mi pater, cum multo sis maior canibus et tam ardua cornua habeas, quibus a te vim propulsare possis, qui fit, ut canes tantopere metuas? Ibi cervus ridens, Mi nate, inquit, vera memoras; mihi tamen, nescio quo pacto, semper accidit, ut, audita canum voce, in fugam statim convertar. Haec fabula docet, natura formidulosos nullis rationibus fortes reddi posse.

Once upon a time a fawn is said to have questioned his father with these words: Father, since you are so much bigger than the hounds, and you have such lofty horns with which you could drive the pack away from you, how does it happen that you are so afraid of the dogs? Then the stag laughed and said, "My child, you are telling the truth; but I don't know for what reason, it always happens to me that as soon as I hear the voice of the hounds, I immediately turn and flee.

This fable shows that nature can render even the strong into little cowards for no reason at all. The proverbial cowardice of the deer goes all the way back to the beginnings of the European literary tradition, when Homer's Achilles denounces Agamemnon for being a "drunken sot, dog-eyed, deer-timid coward!

So, rather than the sounds of hunting hounds baying, here is something less terrifying to hear: today's proverb read out loud: In pace leones, in proelio cervi. February 23, In praetoriis leones, in castris lepores. In English: In the palace, lions; in the camp, rabbits. I thought this would be a good follow-up to yesterday's lion proverb. Today's proverb is about would-be lions, people who are bold as lions when far away from the battle, but who become timid as rabbits when they get near the actual fighting!

These are animal stereotypes that are still alive for us today - the bold, courageous lion, and the "scaredy rabbit. Here is the Latin version in Steinhowel : Cum strepitus magnus ad lepores subito veniret, consilium simul fecerunt, ut se precipitarent propter assiduous metus.

Et euntes ad oram fluminis venerunt, ubi multae erant ranae; at ille ubi agmen leporum viderunt veniens, expaverunt valde et in fluvium se iactaverunt. Haec ubi lepores viderunt unus ex illis ait: Sunt, inquit, et alii timentes; sequamur vitam, ut ceteri quam natura dedit! Here is the Caxton translation , from as you can tell by the spelling You can also see some early illustrations to Steinhowel online. Luckily, the rabbits were content just to be braver than frogs.

They didn't aspire to feel as brave as lions! So, you can ponder whether you tend towards the lion or the rabbit end of the spectrum as you listen to today's proverb read out loud: In praetoriis leones, in castris lepores. February 22, Leonina societas periculorum plena. In English: Alliance with a lion is full of dangers. I thought this would be a good follow-up to yesterday's proverb , which was a moral from an Aesop's fable about the "lion's share.

You can decide who the metaphorical lions might be in your life whom you have to watch out for! I have tangled with some lions in my time, that's for sure! Yesterday I posted the Aesop's fable by Phaedrus about how the lion went hunting with a sheep, goat, and a cow, and ended up cheating his "partners" out of their spoils by taking it all for himself - the proverbial lion's share.

For those animals, alliance with the lion was a big mistake. Note that the emphasis here is not at all on how bad the lion is.

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Of course the lion is bad - that's how lions are! The point of the story is that if you are a sheep, you should not make alliances with lions. Sheep can be smarter than that, and they need to use their smarts since they don't have teeth and claws to match the lion. So if you are a sheep, watch out for the lions To show just how dangerous things can get with your partner the lion, I thought I'd share today a different version of the fable about the lion's share, this time about a lion, a fox and a wolf who go hunting together.

This is another popular Aesop's fable, found in both the Latin and Greek fable traditions. Here is a wonderful version of that story by Odo of Cheriton : Leo, Lupus et Vulpes condixerunt sibi ad invicem quod venarentur. Vulpes cepit anserem, Lupus arietem pinguem, Leo bovem macilentum. Debuerunt prandere. Dixit Leo Lupo quod praedam partiretur.

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Dixit Lupus: Vnusquisque habet quod cepit, Leo suum bovem, ego arietem, Vulpes anserem. Leo iratus erexit palmam, et cum unguibus extraxit totum corium de capite Lupi. Et dixit Leo Vulpi quod divideret. Et ait Vulpes: Domine, vos comedatis de pingui ariete, quantum volueritis, quod teneras habet carnes, et postea de ansere, quantum volueritis, tandem de bove temperate quod duras habet carnes, et quod remanserit detis nobis qui homines vestri sumus. Ait Leo: Certe bene dicis. Quis te docuit ita bene partiri?

Et ait Vulpes: Domine, ille rubens capellus socii mei, demonstrato capite excoriato. The lion, the wolf, and the fox agreed to go hunting together. The fox caught a goose, the wolf caught a fat ram, and the lion caught a scrawny cow. Then it was time to eat. The lion told the wolf to divide their catch.

The wolf said, "Let each one take what he has caught: the lion will take the cow, I'll take the ram, and the fox will take the goose. The lion then ordered the fox to divide the spoils. The fox said, "My lord, you should eat as much of the fat ram as you want, since its meat is tender, then you should eat as much of the goose as you want, but you should eat the cow's flesh only in moderation, since it is so tough.

Whatever is left over you can give to us, your servants. So, still keeping an eye out for those lions, here is today's proverb read out loud: Leonina societas periculorum plena. February 21, Numquam est fidelis cum potente societas. In English: An alliance with someone powerful is never reliable. Since I have been posting some proverbs connected with fables, I thought I would include this proverb today, which is the moral of a very famous Aesop's fable about the "lion's share.

When I ask people, they sometimes think the "lion's share" means a lot, or the biggest part of something. The fable, however, is much more biting: the lion's share is the WHOLE thing, taken by violent force from the lion's unfortunate allies. Here is the version of this story as told by the Roman poet Phaedrus : Numquam est fidelis cum potente societas. Testatur haec fabella propositum meum. Vacca et capella et patiens ovis iniuriae socii fuere cum leone in saltibus.

Hi cum cepissent cervum vasti corporis, sic est locutus partibus factis leo: "Ego primam tollo nomine hoc quia rex cluo; secundam, quia sum consors, tribuetis mihi; tum, quia plus valeo, me sequetur tertia; malo adficietur si quis quartam tetigerit. An alliance with someone powerful is never reliable. This little story proves my contention. A heifer and a she-goat and a long-suffering sheep were allies with a lion in the woods. When they had seized a gigantic stag, and it had been divided into parts, the lion spoke these words: "I take the first part because by name I am called king; you will give the second part to me because I am one of the team; then, the third part will go to me because I am stronger; if anyone should touch the fourth part, he will find himself in trouble.

With friends like a lion, who needs enemies, eh? This fable appears in Steinhowel's Aesop, so you can see some great early illustrations of this fable online. Meanwhile, hoping you are keeping far away from the lions, here is today's proverb read out loud: Numquam est fidelis cum potente societas. February 20, Simia in pelle leonis. In English: A monkey in the lion's skin. I thought this would be a good follow-up to yesterday's proverb about the donkey in the lion skin.

This proverb expresses a similar idea - the unworthy creature, the monkey, who wears the noble lion's skin - but in this case, there is no story to go with the saying. At least, there is no extant fable that has survived about the monkey in the lion's skin. Still, that's no reason why you cannot make one up!

In the absence of a story about the monkey in a lion's skin, I thought I would offer this Aesop's fable about the kingdom of the monkeys and the monkey king: There were two men travelling together: one was a liar and the other always told the truth. Their journey led them to the land of the monkeys.