Guide The Promise of the Fifth Sun: Ancestral Journey of Self-Discovery

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Confucius began teaching after he turned 30, and taught more than 3, students in his life, about 70 of whom were considered outstanding. His disciples and the early Confucian community they formed became the most influential intellectual force in the Warring States period. Sima Qian recorded the names of 77 disciples in his collective biography, while Kongzi Jiayu , another early source, records 76, not completely overlapping.

The two sources together yield the names of 96 disciples. Confucius did not charge any tuition, and only requested a symbolic gift of a bundle of dried meat from any prospective student. According to his disciple Zigong , his master treated students like doctors treated patients and did not turn anybody away. Confucius's favorite disciple was Yan Hui , most probably one of the most impoverished of them all.

Yang Hu, who was a subordinate of the Ji family, had dominated the Lu government from to and even attempted a coup, which narrowly failed. No contemporary painting or sculpture of Confucius survives, and it was only during the Han Dynasty that he was portrayed visually. Carvings often depict his legendary meeting with Laozi. Since that time there have been many portraits of Confucius as the ideal philosopher. The oldest known portrait of Confucius has been unearthed in the tomb of the Han dynasty ruler Marquis of Haihun died 59 BC.

The picture was painted on the wooden frame to a polished bronze mirror. In former times, it was customary to have a portrait in Confucius Temples ; however, during the reign of Hongwu Emperor Taizu of the Ming dynasty , it was decided that the only proper portrait of Confucius should be in the temple in his home town, Qufu in Shandong. In other temples, Confucius is represented by a memorial tablet. There have been two film adaptations of Confucius' life: Confucius starring Tang Huaiqiu, and Confucius starring Chow Yun-fat.

In music, Tori Amos imagines Confucius as working on a crossword puzzle in her song "Happy Phantom. Soon after Confucius's death, Qufu , his home town, became a place of devotion and remembrance. The Han dynasty Records of the Grand Historian records that it had already become a place of pilgrimage for ministers. It is still a major destination for cultural tourism, and many people visit his grave and the surrounding temples. In Sinic cultures, there are many temples where representations of the Buddha , Laozi , and Confucius are found together.

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There are also many temples dedicated to him, which have been used for Confucian ceremonies. In the 20th century, this tradition was interrupted for several decades in mainland China, where the official stance of the Communist Party and the State was that Confucius and Confucianism represented reactionary feudalist beliefs which held that the subservience of the people to the aristocracy is a part of the natural order. All such ceremonies and rites were therefore banned. Only after the s did the ceremony resume. As it is now considered a veneration of Chinese history and tradition, even Communist Party members may be found in attendance.

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While not a national holiday, it does appear on all printed calendars, much as Father's Day or Christmas Day do in the Western world. In South Korea , a grand-scale memorial ceremony called Seokjeon Daeje is held twice a year on Confucius's birthday and the anniversary of his death, at Confucian academies across the country and Sungkyunkwan in Seoul. Confucius's descendants were repeatedly identified and honored by successive imperial governments with titles of nobility and official posts.

They were honored with the rank of a marquis 35 times since Gaozu of the Han dynasty , and they were promoted to the rank of duke 42 times from the Tang dynasty to the Qing dynasty. The title was taken away from the southern branch after Kong Zhu rejected the invitation, [71] so the northern branch of the family kept the title of Duke Yansheng.

The southern branch remained in Quzhou where they live to this day. Confucius's descendants in Quzhou alone number 30, The clan then received an aristocratic rank during the succeeding Joseon Dynasty. Despite repeated dynastic change in China, the title of Duke Yansheng was bestowed upon successive generations of descendants until it was abolished by the Nationalist Government in The last holder of the title, Kung Te-cheng of the 77th generation, was appointed Sacrificial Official to Confucius.

Kung Te-cheng died in October , and his son, Kung Wei-yi, the 78th lineal descendant, had died in Kung Te-cheng's grandson, Kung Tsui-chang , the 79th lineal descendant, was born in ; his great-grandson, Kung Yu-jen, the 80th lineal descendant, was born in Taipei on January 1, Te-cheng's sister, Kong Demao, lives in mainland China and has written a book about her experiences growing up at the family estate in Qufu.

Another sister, Kong Deqi, died as a young woman. A descendant of Confucius, H. Kung was the Premier of the Republic of China.

Confucius's family, the Kongs, have the longest recorded extant pedigree in the world today. The father-to-son family tree, now in its 83rd generation, [86] has been recorded since the death of Confucius. According to the Confucius Genealogy Compilation Committee CGCC , he has 2 million known and registered descendants, and there are an estimated 3 million in all.

Because of the huge interest in the Confucius family tree, there was a project in China to test the DNA of known family members of the collateral branches in mainland China. If the descent were truly unbroken, father-to-son, since Confucius's lifetime, the males in the family would all have the same Y chromosome as their direct male ancestor, with slight mutations due to the passage of time.

However, in , many of the collateral branches decided not to agree to DNA testing. In a DNA test performed on multiple different families who claimed descent from Confucius found that they shared the same Y chromosome as reported by Fudan University. See also: Hundred Schools of Thought. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see Confucius disambiguation.

Chinese teacher, editor, politician and philosopher. The teaching Confucius. Portrait by Wu Daozi , —, Tang dynasty. Further information: Family tree of Confucius in the main line of descent. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

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Main article: Confucianism. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Main article: Disciples of Confucius. See also: Family tree of Confucius in the main line of descent. Random House.

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The Promise Of The Fifth Sun: Ancestral Journey Of Self Discovery

Chin, Ann-ping New York: Scribner. Archived from the original on 7 July China Economic Net. Kim, Tae Hyun; Csikszentmihalyi, Mark In Olberding, Amy ed. Dao Companion to the Analects. Knechtges, David R. In Knechtges, David R. Leiden: Brill. The house of Confucius Translated ed. Legge, James , " Confucius ", Encyclopaedia Britannica, 9th ed. VI , pp. Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China. Nivison, David Shepherd In Loewe, Michael ; Shaughnessy, Edward eds.