Guide Stunning Mosaics: Book A314

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For example, exposure of cells to the protein tumor necrosis factor TNF can signal both cell death and survival, an event playing a major role in the regulation of immunological and inflammatory responses Ghosh, S. The anti-apoptotic activity of NF-kB is also crucial to oncogenesis and to chemo- and radio-resistance in cancer Baldwin, A. Early work involving NF-kB suggested its expression was limited to specific cell types, particularly in stimulating the transcription of genes encoding kappa immunoglobulins in B lymphocytes.

However, it has been discovered that NF-KB is, in fact, present and inducible in many, if not all, cell types and that it acts as an intracellular messenger capable of playing a broad role in gene regulation as a mediator of inducible signal transduction.

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Specifically, it has been demonstrated that NF-kB plays a central role in regulation of intercellular signals in many cell types. For example, NF-kB has been shown to positively regulate the human beta-interferon beta-IFN gene in many, if not all, cell types. Moreover, NF-KB has also been shown to serve the important function of acting as an intracellular transducer of external influences. The transcription factor NF-KB is sequestered in an inactive form in the cytoplasm as a complex with its inhibitor, IkB, the most prominent member of this class being IkBa.

After TNF exposure, the inhibitor is phosphorylated and proteolytically removed, releasing NF-kB into the nucleus and allowing its transcriptional activity. Numerous genes are upregulated by this transcription factor, among them IkBa.

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The newly synthezised IkBa protein inhibits NF-kB, effectively shutting down further transcriptional activation of its downstream effectors. Other agents that are known to stimulate NF-KB release, and thus NF-KB activity, are bacterial lipopolysaccharide, extracellular polypeptides, chemical agents, such as phorbol esters, which stimulate intracellular phosphokinases, inflammatory cytokines, IL-1, oxidative and fluid mechanical stresses, and Ionizing Radiation Basu, S.

Therefore, as a general rule, the stronger the insulting stimulus, the stronger the resulting NF-KB activation, and the higher the level of IkBa transcription. As a consequence, measuring the level of IkBa RNA can be used as a marker for antiapoptotic events, and indirectly, for the onset and strength of pro-apoptotic events.

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All of which might be therapeutically useful under different circumstances. Synthetic methods for producing the polypeptides and polynucleotides of the present invention are provided. The invention further relates to screening methods for identifying binding partners of the polypeptides.


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The present invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules, that comprise, or alternatively consist of, a polynucleotide encoding the HGPRBMY28 protein having the amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. The present invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules, that comprise, or alternatively consist of, a polynucleotide encoding the HGPRBMY29 protein having the amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. The present invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules, that comprise, or alternatively consist of, a polynucleotide encoding the HGPRBMY29sv1 protein having the amino acid sequence shown in FIGS.

The present invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules, that comprise, or alternatively consist of, a polynucleotide encoding the HGPRBMY29sv2 protein having the amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. The invention further provides an isolated HGPRBMY28 polypeptide having an amino acid sequence encoded by a polynucleotide described herein. The invention further provides an isolated HGPRBMY29 polypeptide having an amino acid sequence encoded by a polynucleotide described herein.

The invention further provides an isolated HGPRBMY29sv1 polypeptide having an amino acid sequence encoded by a polynucleotide described herein.

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The invention further provides an isolated HGPRBMY29sv2 polypeptide having an amino acid sequence encoded by a polynucleotide described herein. The invention further relates to a polynucleotide capable of hybridizing under stringent conditions to any one of the polynucleotides specified herein, wherein said polynucleotide does not hybridize under stringent conditions to a nucleic acid molecule having a nucleotide sequence of only A residues or of only T residues. The invention further relates to a method for preventing, treating, or ameliorating a medical condition with the polypeptide provided as SEQ ID NO, in addition to, its encoding nucleic acid, wherein the medical condition is a reproductive disorder.

The invention further relates to a method for preventing, treating, or ameliorating a medical condition with the polypeptide provided as SEQ ID NO, in addition to, its encoding nucleic acid, wherein the medical condition is a male reproductive disorder. The invention further relates to a method for preventing, treating, or ameliorating a medical condition with the polypeptide provided as SEQ ID NO, in addition to, its encoding nucleic acid, wherein the medical condition is a female reproductive disorder.

The invention further relates to a method for preventing, treating, or ameliorating a medical condition with the polypeptide provided as SEQ ID NO, in addition to, its encoding nucleic acid, wherein the medical condition is an esophageal disorder. The invention further relates to a method for preventing, treating, or ameliorating a medical condition with the polypeptide provided as SEQ ID NO, in addition to, its encoding nucleic acid, wherein the medical condition is a metabolic disorder.

The invention further relates to a method for preventing, treating, or ameliorating a medical condition with the polypeptide provided as SEQ ID NO, in addition to, its encoding nucleic acid, wherein the medical condition is an endocrine disorder.

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The invention further relates to a method for preventing, treating, or ameliorating a medical condition with the polypeptide provided as SEQ ID NO, in addition to, its encoding nucleic acid, wherein the medical condition is a proliferative disorder. The invention further relates to a method for preventing, treating, or ameliorating a medical condition with the polypeptide provided as SEQ ID NO, in addition to, its encoding nucleic acid, wherein the medical condition is a cancer. The invention further relates to a method for preventing, treating, or ameliorating a medical condition with the polypeptide provided as SEQ ID NO, in addition to, its encoding nucleic acid, wherein the medical condition is a cancer afflicting either the colon, cervix, lung, or squamous tissues.

The present invention also relates to an isolated polynucleotide consisting of a portion of the human HGPRBMY28 gene consisting of at least 8 bases, specifically excluding Genbank Accession Nos. The present invention also relates to an isolated polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence encoding a fragment of the human HGPRBMY28 protein, wherein said fragment displays one or more functional activities specifically excluding Genbank Accession Nos.

The present invention also relates to the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO consisting of at least 10 to 50 bases, wherein said at least 10 to 50 bases specifically exclude the polynucleotide sequence of Genbank Accession Nos. The present invention also relates to the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO consisting of at least 15 to bases, wherein said at least 15 to bases specifically exclude the polynucleotide sequence of Genbank Accession Nos.

The present invention also relates to the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO consisting of at least to bases, wherein said at least to bases specifically exclude the polynucleotide sequence of Genbank Accession Nos. The present invention also relates to an isolated polypeptide fragment of the human HGPRBMY28 protein, wherein said polypeptide fragment does not consist of the polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotide sequence of Genbank Accession Nos.

The standard one-letter abbreviation for amino acids is used to illustrate the deduced amino acid sequence. Despite the presence of only six transmembrane domains, it is anticipated that the HGPRBMY29 polypeptide may function as a G-protein coupled receptor as described more particularly elsewhere herein.

The darkly shaded amino acids represent regions of matching identity. The lightly shaded amino acids represent regions of matching similarity. As shown, transcripts corresponding to HGPRBMY29 expressed highly in the spleen and lymph node; significantly in the thymus, small intestine, bone marrow, and to a lesser extent, in testis, spinal cord, lung, liver, kidney, and prostate.

The percent identity and percent similarity values were determined using the Gap algorithm using default parameters Genetics Computer Group suite of programs; Needleman and Wunsch. The amino acids between the query and target sequences represent matching identical amino acids between the two sequences. Despite the presence of eight transmembrane domains, it is anticipated that the HGPRBMY29sv1 polypeptide may function as a G-protein coupled receptor as described more particularly elsewhere herein.

Despite the presence of only six transmembrane domains, it is anticipated that the HGPRBMY29sv2 polypeptide may function as a G-protein coupled receptor as described more particularly elsewhere herein. As shown, the HGPRBMY29 polypeptide was expressed at relatively low levels, though predominately in the lymph gland and the spleen; significantly in the ileum and jejunum; to a lesser extent in other areas of the lower gastrointestinal tract, mainly the colon, caecum, and rectum. The seven transmembrane domains of the present invention are characteristic of G-protein coupled receptors as described more particularly elsewhere herein.

As shown, transcripts corresponding to HGPRBMY28 expressed highly in the testis; significantly in heart, and to a lesser extent, in pituitary, kidney, spinal cord, lung, and small intestine. As shown, the HGPRBMY28 polypeptide was expressed at relatively low levels, though predominately in the foreskin; significantly in the lymph gland, esophagus, fallopian tube, placenta; to a lesser extent in other tissues as shown. As shown, the HGPRBMY28 polypeptide was expressed predominately in colon, cervical, lung, squamous tumors, and to a lesser extent in other tissues as shown.

Table I provides a summary of the novel polypeptides and their encoding polynucleotides of the present invention. Table II illustrates the preferred hybridization conditions for the polynucleotides of the present invention. Other hybridization conditions may be known in the art or are described elsewhere herein.

Table III provides a summary of various conservative substitutions encompassed by the present invention. The present invention may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention and the Examples included herein. Expression analysis indicates the HGPRBMY28 has strong preferential expression in testis; significant expression in heart, and to a lesser extent, in pituitary, kidney, spinal cord, lung, and small intestine.

The HGPRBMY28 polypeptide was also found to be expressed in reproductive tissues such as foreskin, fallopian tubes, and placenta, in addition to several cancer cell lines, such as colon, cervical, lung, and squamous tumors. Expression analysis indicates the HGPRBMY29 has strong preferential expressed highly in the spleen and lymph node; significantly in the thymus, small intestine, bone marrow, and to a lesser extent, in testis, spinal cord, lung, liver, kidney, and prostate.

In the small intestine, the HGPRBMY29 polypeptide was found to be expressed predominately in the ileum and jejunum, in addition to tissues of the lower gastrointestinal tract such as the colon, caecum, and rectum. In specific embodiments, the polynucleotides of the invention are at least 15, at least 30, at least 50, at least , at least , at least , or at least continuous nucleotides but are less than or equal to kb, kb, kb, 50 kb, 15 kb, 10 kb, 7.

In a further embodiment, polynucleotides of the invention comprise a portion of the coding sequences, as disclosed herein, but do not comprise all or a portion of any intron. In another embodiment, the polynucleotides comprising coding sequences do not contain coding sequences of a genomic flanking gene i. In other embodiments, the polynucleotides of the invention do not contain the coding sequence of more than , , , , 50, 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 genomic flanking gene s.

The ATCC deposit was made pursuant to the terms of the Budapest Treaty on the international recognition of the deposit of microorganisms for purposes of patent procedure. The deposited clone is inserted in the pSport1 Life Technologies using the NotI and SalI restriction endonuclease sites as described herein.

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Unless otherwise indicated, all nucleotide sequences determined by sequencing a DNA molecule herein were determined using an automated DNA sequencer such as the Model , preferably a Model , from Applied Biosystems, Inc. Therefore, as is known in the art for any DNA sequence determined by this automated approach, any nucleotide sequence determined herein may contain some errors. The actual sequence can be more precisely determined by other approaches including manual DNA sequencing methods well known in the art. As is also known in the art, a single insertion or deletion in a determined nucleotide sequence compared to the actual sequence will cause a frame shift in translation of the nucleotide sequence such that the predicted amino acid sequence encoded by a determined nucleotide sequence will be completely different from the amino acid sequence actually encoded by the sequenced DNA molecule, beginning at the point of such an insertion or deletion.

Using the information provided herein, such as the nucleotide sequence in FIGS. Illustrative of the invention, the nucleic acid molecule described in FIGS. Also contemplated are nucleic acid molecules that hybridize to the polynucleotides of the present invention at lower stringency hybridization conditions. Changes in the stringency of hybridization and signal detection are primarily accomplished through the manipulation of formamide concentration lower percentages of formamide result in lowered stringency ; salt conditions, or temperature.

For example, lower stringency conditions include an overnight incubation at 37 degree C. In addition, to achieve even lower stringency, washes performed following stringent hybridization can be done at higher salt concentrations e. The inclusion of specific blocking reagents may require modification of the hybridization conditions described above, due to problems with compatibility.

For example, polynucleotides can be composed of single- and double-stranded DNA, DNA that is a mixture of single- and double-stranded regions, single- and double-stranded RNA, and RNA that is mixture of single- and double-stranded regions, hybrid molecules comprising DNA and RNA that may be single-stranded or, more typically, double-stranded or a mixture of single- and double-stranded regions.

A polynucleotide may also contain one or more modified bases or DNA or RNA backbones modified for stability or for other reasons. The polypeptide of the present invention can be composed of amino acids joined to each other by peptide bonds or modified peptide bonds, i. The polypeptides may be modified by either natural processes, such as posttranslational processing, or by chemical modification techniques which are well known in the art.