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Jump to MOX and disposition of weapons plutonium - The US Mixed Oxide Fuel Fabrication Facility to convert the US plutonium to MOX fuel.MOX use · MOX production · MOX reprocessing and · Dual-component power.
Table of contents
- Site Information Navigation
- Construction of the MOX Facility
- Center for Strategic & International Studies
- Structural Investigation of (UPu)O2-x Mixed Oxides | Inorganic Chemistry
Site Information Navigation
The rods are then used to build fuel assemblies of the MOX fuel to be shipped to commercial utilities. It will also be a hardened facility, similar to a nuclear reactor. Security will be equal to the security measures currently in place at the Savannah Rive Site. A Perimeter Intrusion Detection and Assessment System will encircle the facility for additional protection. When operational, the facility will be capable of turning 3.
Construction of the MOX Facility
The facility will be licensed for 20 years, with operations expected to continue into the s. Mixed Oxide MOX fuel is a mixture of approximately 95 percent uranium oxide and 5 percent plutonium oxide. This powder is milled to ensure uniform distribution of the plutonium, and to adjust the particle size of the MOX powder. The MOX powder is made into small pellets about the size of a pencil eraser. After the final blending, the master blend and the dilution UO2 are homogenised to satisfy the requirements.
Most of the final characteristics of green pellet production are defined during this step.
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The parameters of the pelletising operation must be adjusted and controlled to avoid pellet defects. The dry centreless grinding machines grind the sintered. The system also handles the discarded pellets and the dust from the grinding process. Rods are loaded to an adjusted pellet length column, TIG welded, helium pressurised and then decontaminated.
Rod inspection then verifies the helium tightness, the welding quality, and the correct Pu content in the pellet column. Rods of different Pu content are assembled and the final bundles are stored before packaging and shipping.
Center for Strategic & International Studies
There are a number of challenges associated with the design of the MFFF. It involves technology transfer from Europe to the US. Licensing for the MFFF will be in accordance with 10 CFR 70, which places a heavier burden on applicants for plutonium facilities than for other fuel cycle facilities. Authorisation to start construction and issuance of a possession-and-use licence are separate licensing actions. As a starting point for identifying hazards, an initial hazard list based on Cogema facilities was adapted for US regulations and standards.
The first step in the process is the preparation of a preliminary process hazard analysis.
This provides a qualitiative assessment of postulated accident scenarios in the MFFF and identifies an initial set of items relied on for safety. In later phases, other methods such as hazard and operability analysis HAZOP and fault tree analysis may also be used to analyse areas in more detail. The facility is divided into a number of criticality control units. For each unit, the reference fissile material is defined, along with the criticality control mode.
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Geometry control is used whenever this is possible. In addition to this, fissile material mass with moderation control will be used for process and operability reasons. This double contingency principle requires that there be at least two unlikely, independent, and concurrent changes in the process conditions before it is possible for a criticality accident to occur. The MFFF uses appropriate criticality benchmark experiments for each type of physical situation. This is important given the diversity in applications including high, medium and low moderated PuO2 and mixed oxide powder, nitrate, oxalate solutions, and arrays of pellets and rods.
Structural Investigation of (UPu)O2-x Mixed Oxides | Inorganic Chemistry
Benchmark experiments will come primarily from the international criticality benchmark handbook, although some additional recognised experiments will be used. Similar to the French facilities' processes, the MOX Project will take surplus weapons-grade material consisting of 93 percent plutonium, remove the impurities, and downblend the plutonium with uranium oxide to achieve a 5 percent or less plutonium concentration to form mixed oxide MOX fuel pellets for commercial reactor fuel assemblies.
These assemblies will then be sent to commercial nuclear power plants where they will be used in nuclear reactors to generate electricity. When operational, the facility will be capable of permanently converting 34 metric tons of U. To put this energy impact into perspective, the MOX Project's output could generate enough power for 15 million homes for a year and indirectly create more than 4, American jobs.
In the seven-layer aqueous polishing section, weapon-grade material is cleaned and purified, before it is sent to the MOX section. The MOX area is where the fabrication of the fuel takes place. This involves blending polished plutonium and depleted uranium to form the fuel pellets which are hardened, sized and loaded into fuel rods. The rods are then used to build fuel assemblies of the MOX fuel to be shipped to commercial utilities. It will also be a hardened facility, similar to a nuclear reactor.