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In the centre of that region of countless islands termed not inaptly the "Summer of the World," midmost of the Sunda group of which Sumatra lies to the west, and Flores to the east, with the fury of the tropical sun tempered by a physical formation which especially exposes it to the cooling influence of the ocean, lies the island of Java. Rich in historic remains of a bygone Hindu supremacy, when the mild countenance of Buddha gazed upon obedient multitudes, in memorials of Mohammedan, Portuguese, and Dutch seafaring enterprises, it is a country singularly alluring to the student and antiquarian.

Nor is its present life less interesting. Densely populated by a simple and refined native race, who live for the most part in the midst of mountain glories and tropical verdure, itself the best example of a rival and successful system of colonization, modern Java is no mere tourist's country, but one which possesses, and always has possessed, special attractions for the man of science and the political student. From an immense mass of native tradition the main outlines of the history of the island can be disentangled with sufficient certainty.

Javanese tradition universally speaks of a personage called Saka, variously termed warrior, priest, and god, to whom is attributed the introduction of the arts of civilization, and whose advent marks the opening year of the native chronology. The first year of Saka corresponds to the seventy-eighth of the Christian era. There can be no doubt as to the region from which this extraneous civilization came.

Native tradition and the vast religious monuments of the eastern and central districts alike point to an Indian colonization and supremacy; for the temples of Java bear the stamp of a culture and of an artistic and architectural genius superior to that possessed by a race, the sole record of whose national existence is contained in the meagre tradition of an immigration from the western lands about the Red Sea.

Sir Stamford Raffles, in his exhaustive history of Java, gives the names and dates of the Hindu monarchs, with an account of their conquests and administrations. But the native chronicles require to be carefully sifted, and to be supported by the record of the antiquarian remains, which supply an unfailing basis for, at any rate, the main outlines of the period.

The oldest inscriptions are found on the west side of Buitenzorg, on river stones, and at Bekasi, on the east side of Batavia; they are written in Sanskrit characters of the oldest period, and, by comparison with the inscriptions of British India, indicate the existence of Hindu civilization in Java during the fourth and fifth centuries after Christ. The oldest dated inscription in Java and in the Archipelago is one bearing date of Saka A.

This is now in the museum at Batavia. It contains twelve verses in the Sanskrit tongue, and is about four feet in length by two in width, and about ten inches in depth. The magnificent temple of Boro-Boedoer, of which Mr. Get up close and personal to wild animals at night. Along the way you may spot some of the antelopes that roam free outside the other animal enclosures.

The minute Creatures of the Night show, held times nightly, is a big hit with kids, and one of the highlights of the Night Safari is a stroll through the fruit bat enclosure, where you may find yourself face to face with a giant fruitbat, hanging upside down inches from your face and tucking into a chunk of fruit. No flash photography is allowed in the park. Spread across 28 lush hectares on a peninsula in the Upper Seletar Reservoir, the Singapore Zoo is beautifully designed, with globe-spanning wildlife roaming large, natural habitat-like enclosures.

The Great Rift Valley complete with a cliff-cascading waterfall is home to Nubian ibexes, baboons and mongooses, while in the Fragile Forest biodome you can climb up to the forest canopy to check out two-toed sloths and to spot lemurs and flying foxes. Head for Wild Africa and Cat Country to see lions, leopards, cheetahs, giraffes and zebras and to the Forest Lodge to spot the rare white tiger.

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The Rainforest Kidzworld is great for younger kids, with pony rides and a wet play zone with waterslides. A tram looping through the park gives your tired feet a break. Nearest transport: Ang Mo Kio metro, then bus Wander around Gardens by the Bay Futuristic botanical gardens with Supertrees and biodomes.

Enormous biodomes rise out of the greenery, housing over species of plants from different climate zones. Dotted around the Gardens are different whimsical sculptures, including Planet by Mark Quinn — a giant sleeping baby that seems to hover in mid-air. Nearest transport: Bayfront MRT. West of Orchard Road, gleaming malls give way to the lush vegetation, well-tended lawns, themed gardens and tranquil lakes that make up the vast Botanic Gardens.

One of the biggest highlights of the Gardens, and a magnet for flower lovers, is the National Orchid Garden. Tropical orchids have been bred here since , and of the species and hybrids you can see around or so, including ones named after various heads of state as well as politicians: spot the ones named after Princess Diana and Margaret Thatcher.

Also worth checking out is the Ginger Garden next door to the orchids, with its members of the ginger family, and two excellent restaurants. The free themed tours of the Botanical Gardens, held on Saturdays, are very worthwhile, and occasional opera performances take place by Symphony Lake. ION Orchard focuses on high street fashion on its lower floors; for haute couture, head upstairs. Also in Sci-Fi City, Transformers the Ride takes you on a 3D thrill ride into an urban otherworld, where Transformers do battle and take part in high-speed chases. Tips: purchase the Sentosa FUN Pass if planning to visit other Sentosa Island attractions, and get to the rollercoasters as soon as the park opens to beat the queues.

Nearest transport: Waterfront monorail from HarbourFront.

Enter through the shark tunnel, with hammerheads, silvertip and sandbar sharks swimming above your head. Learn about the watery ecosystems of Lake Malawi, kelp forests, and coastal mangroves. One of the most beautiful and unearthly exhibits is Ocean Journey, with eerily-lit jellyfish, monstrous spider crabs, and an enormous deep sea octopus.

The vast, 36m-long, 8. Daily feedings and the Discovery Touch Pool are fun for kids. The second-largest observation wheel in the world after the High Roller in Las Vegas, the Singapore Flyer whisks you high above the city, offering 30 minutes of terrific views of the Marina Bay, the skyscrapers of CBD, the river, the historic buildings of the Colonial District, and ships on the South China Sea. Discounts are available if you purchase your ticket online. Nearest transport: Promenade MRT.

Walk around Marina Bay A popular waterfront sightseeing walk. Start your walk from the iconic Marina Bay Sands hotel, shopping, and restaurant complex, and walk north alongside the Marina. Continue along Boat Quay, where bars and restaurants line the river. Cross the Elgin Bridge to the north side of the river and double back along the waterfront, past the Asian Civilisations Museum , the Victoria Theatre and the statue of Sir Stamford Raffles, the founder of Singapore. From the Chinatown metro stop, walk along Pagoda St, with its tacky souvenir shops, massage parlours and restaurants, and stop halfway along at the Chinatown Heritage Centre.

Take kitschy Trengganu St south to the Chinatown Complex, with its popular hawker stalls upstairs.

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Nearest transport: Chinatown MRT. Spot the alligator gar and the strange-looking Mississippi paddlefish in the Mississippi River aquarium, the African dwarf crocodile in the Nile, the Indian gharial in the Ganges, giant catfish in the Mekong, and the Yantze alligator in the Mekong. The Amazon Flooded Forest aquariums are superb: you get a good look at electric eels, piranhas, manatees, and the huge aparaima and pacu fish. In Kampong Glam, Haji Lane — one of the narrowest streets in Singapore — is lined with historic shophouses. Most of them are homey, quirky shops and boutiques showcasing the wares of hip, independent designers — mostly local, but a few international ones as well.

Time After Time at no. Spoilmarket at no. Finally, sharp tailoring for women is the focus at Soon Lee , no. Nearest transport: Bugis MRT. Battlebox was a British underground command centre during WWII and its creepy subterranean rooms use lifesize models to re-enact scenes from the war.

Concerts and other outdoor events are held in the park throughout the year, including Ballet Under the Stars in July and Films at the Fort in August.

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Multimedia elements let historical characters speak for themselves, from colonial era high society ladies to common street vendors. History aside, there is also the Goh Seng Choo gallery that features 19th century botanical watercolours, as well as temporary art exhibitions. Contemporary art installations greet visitors as they come through the main entrance, and the museum building itself is architecturally striking: the 19th century Neo-Palladian and Renaissance building was revamped a decade ago to include a dome-topped stained glass rotunda.

Peranakan or Nyonya refers to people of mixed origins, and in Singapore, most Peranakan people tend to be Straits Chinese. The themed exhibitions on the three floors of this heritage building take you through Peranakan traditions, from feasts and weddings to religion and mourning.