Raphaels Secret (A Tudor Life Book 4)

The Poisoned Chalice (Tudor Mysteries, Book 2): Secrets, espionage and double . A Brood of Vipers (Tudor Mysteries, Book 4): A Tudor mystery of murder and.
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The annulment of the marriage to Catherine of Aragon was on the grounds that she had already been married to his brother, although this annulment was never recognized by the Catholic Church, not his succeeding marriages, so according to the Catholic Church, Henry had one wife. Anne Boleyn was subject to an annulment on the grounds that she had allegedly seduced him with witchcraft and was incestuous and unfaithful.

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The marriage to Anne of Cleves was annulled as the marriage was unconsummated and therefore was not legal and because she had previously been engaged to someone else. The marriage to Catherine Howard was never annulled. Under this title she was executed for high treason three months later. Why announce his marriage to their sister, when in exile in Rennes, and as a claimant to the throne after their disappearance.

Henry was not in the country and had no power in the realm. However, just as with those wearing of armour, not everyone who carried a sword was a knight.

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The custom, or even the right, to wear a sword varied according to time, place, and changing regulations. Armour worn for jousts, short periods of exertion, was heavier and designed for maximum defence. However, battle armour had to be lighter and more flexible to be able to fight. Most men-at-arms would have been able to put one foot in a stirrup and mount their horse without assistance. A stool or perhaps the help of a squire would have made the process even speedier for the richer knights.

Cranes are a 20th-century myth. He was certainly a quarter British, i. Welsh, as the genealogies demonstrate through his paternal grandfather Owen Tudor. Thus on the side of his father, he was a quarter British and a quarter French. Many were born in France, e.

Lady Jane Grey

This term first appeared in , according to the OED. John Dee, basing claims for an empire overseas upon the legends of British kings over foreign realms. Defensive garments composed of interlinking rings should correctly be referred to as mail, from maille armor. Catherine Parr was thought to be around 5 feet 10 inches. The hundred or so skeletons of crewmen recovered from the Mary Rose indicate an average height of 5 feet 7 inches to 5 feet 8 inches tall. However, he only began to put on weight after being unable to play sports or hunt, from his time with Anne Boleyn. He was then 45 years old.

After Edward's death, Jane was proclaimed queen on 10 July and awaited coronation in the Tower of London. Support for Mary grew very quickly, and most of Jane's supporters abandoned her.

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Her primary supporter, the Duke of Northumberland, was accused of treason and executed less than a month later. Jane was held as a prisoner at the Tower and was convicted of high treason in November , which carried a sentence of death—though Mary initially spared her life. Both she and her husband were executed on 12 February The traditional view is that she was born at Bradgate Park in Leicestershire in October , while more recent research indicates that she was born somewhat earlier, possibly in London, in late or in the spring of Jane preferred book studies to hunting parties [11] and regarded her strict upbringing, which was typical of the time, [12] as harsh.

To the visiting scholar Roger Ascham , who found her reading Plato , she is said to have complained:. For when I am in the presence either of father or mother, whether I speak, keep silence, sit, stand or go, eat, drink, be merry or sad, be sewing, playing, dancing, or doing anything else, I must do it as it were in such weight, measure and number, even so perfectly as God made the world; or else I am so sharply taunted, so cruelly threatened, yea presently sometimes with pinches, nips and bobs and other ways which I will not name for the honour I bear them Jane lived with the couple until Catherine's death in childbirth in September Lady Jane acted as chief mourner at Catherine Parr's funeral; Thomas Seymour showed continued interest to keep her in his household, and she returned there for about two months before he was arrested at the end of Among other things, Thomas Seymour was charged with proposing Jane as a bride for the king.

In the course of Thomas Seymour's following attainder and execution, Jane's father was lucky to stay largely out of trouble.


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After his fourth interrogation by the King's Council , he proposed his daughter Jane as a bride for the Protector's eldest son, Lord Hertford. Henry's will reinforced the succession of his three children, and then declared that, should none of them leave descendants, the throne would pass to heirs of his younger sister, Mary, which included Jane.

For unknown reasons, Henry excluded Jane's mother, Frances Grey, from the succession, [23] and also bypassed the claims of the descendants of his elder sister, Margaret , who had married into the Scottish royal house and nobility. However, Edward, in a draft will "My devise for the Succession" composed earlier in , had first restricted the succession to non-existent male descendants of Frances Brandon and her daughters, before he named his Protestant cousin "Lady Jane and her heirs male" as his successors, probably in June ; the intent was to ensure his Protestant legacy, thereby bypassing Mary who was a Roman Catholic.

Edward VI personally supervised the copying of his will which was finally issued as letters patent on 21 June and signed by notables, among them the whole Privy Council , peers, bishops, judges, and London aldermen. The King died on 6 July , but his death was not announced until four days later. On 10 July, she was officially proclaimed Queen of England, France and Ireland after she had taken up secure residence in the Tower of London , where English monarchs customarily resided from the time of accession until coronation.

Jane refused to name her husband Dudley as king, because that would require an Act of Parliament. Northumberland faced a number of key tasks to consolidate his power after Edward's death. Most importantly, he had to isolate and, ideally, capture Mary Tudor to prevent her from gathering support. As soon as Mary was sure of King Edward's demise, she left her residence at Hunsdon and set out to East Anglia , where she began to rally her supporters. Northumberland set out from London with troops on 14 July to capture Mary.

The historical consensus assumes that this was in recognition of overwhelming support of the population for Mary. However, there is no clear evidence for that outside Norfolk and Suffolk, where Northumberland had put down Kett's Rebellion; hence, where princess Mary sought refuge.

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Rather, it seems that Henry FitzAlan, 19th Earl of Arundel —whom Northumberland had arrested and detained twice as an ally of Somerset, before rehabilitating—engineered a coup d'etat in the Privy Council in Northumberland's absence. Jane is often called the Nine-Day Queen, although if her reign is dated from the moment of Edward's death on 6 July , her reign could have been a few days longer.


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The Duke of Northumberland was executed on 22 August In September, Parliament declared Mary the rightful successor and denounced and revoked Jane's proclamation as that of a usurper. Referred to by the court as Jane Dudley, wife of Guildford, Jane was charged with high treason , as were her husband, two of his brothers, and the former Archbishop of Canterbury , Thomas Cranmer.

As was to be expected, all defendants were found guilty and sentenced to death. Jane's guilt, of having treacherously assumed the title and the power of the monarch, was evidenced by a number of documents she had signed as "Jane the Quene".


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Her father, Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk, and his two brothers joined the rebellion, and so the government decided to go through with the verdict against Jane and Guildford. Their execution was first scheduled for 9 February , but was then postponed for three days to give Jane a chance to convert to the Catholic faith. Mary sent her chaplain John Feckenham to Jane, who was initially not pleased about this. Secrets, espionage and double agents in this gripping Tudor mystery Nov 27, Murder and blackmail abound in this gripping Tudor mystery Nov 27, A thrilling Tudor mystery of murder, intrigue and hidden treasure Nov 27, A Tudor mystery of murder and espionage Nov 27, Only 3 left in stock - order soon.

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