Insulin and IGFs (Vitamins and Hormones)

First published in , Vitamins and Hormones is the longest-running serial published by Academic Press. The Editorial Board now reflects expertise in the.
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The quantitative representations of multiple results expressed as values relative to the abundance in the control are presented in the lower panel. Quail were depleted of vitamin A by feeding them a vitamin A—free diet for 3 wk. After this treatment, neither serum retinol nor hepatic retinyl palmitate could be detected. Representative results of RNase protection assay are shown in the upper panel. In contrast, the expression of the hepatic IR gene was unaffected by vitamin A deficiency. Tissues used in this experiment were the same as those described in the legend of Figure 3.

Representative results obtained by RNase protection assay are shown in A.

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Similar results were also observed in other tissues data not shown. They were killed 4 h after treatment with 0.


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This model system has been useful in the past for studying the involvement of vitamin A in many situations and has shown that vitamin A plays essential roles in a number of biological processes such as the maintenance of normal fetal development, the regulation of growth and the differentiation of various tissues 16 , ,30 , 31 , Serum IGF-I concentrations are dependent on nutritional status. For example, starvation and food restriction markedly reduce serum IGF-I levels in comparison with the levels in well-fed controls in a number of species 7 , ,33 , , The results presented in this study clearly indicate that dietary vitamin A levels also modulate the serum IGF-I concentrations in Japanese quail.


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Consuming the vitamin A—deficient diet for 14 d after hatching significantly decreased the serum IGF-I concentrations in the quail, and an additional 7-d feeding caused a further reduction in the serum IGF-I levels. Consistent with our data, Bartlett et al.

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As a result of the decrease in the serum IGF-I concentrations, growth in body weight gain was retarded, a finding that is consistent with our previous report It is worth noting that the decrease in body weight was preceded by the decrease in serum IGF-I levels Fig. The liver is the major source of circulating IGF-I. It has been reported that the decrease in serum IGF-I that is caused by food deprivation or other nutritional changes is accompanied by a decrease in the levels of hepatic IGF-I mRNA in rats 36 , 37 , 38 and chickens 9 , , These results suggest that the decrease in the circulating IGF-I levels that results from the nutritional alterations may be caused at least in part by the decrease in the levels of hepatic IGF-I mRNA.

No information regarding the effects of the vitamin A deficiency on IGF-I gene expression has been reported. IGF-I gene expression in the brain, however, was unaffected by vitamin A deficiency, implying tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms of this gene.

Vitamins and Hormones: Insulin and IGFs Volume 80 by Gerald Litwack (2009, Hardcover)

However, further depletion of vitamin A by feeding the quail the deficient diet for 21 d altered the expression of IGF-IR and IR genes in a tissue-specific manner. For instance, Knott et al. This finding confirms that our replenishment model worked satisfactorily. The ability of RA to alter gene expression of IGFBP has also been confirmed in several mammalian cell lines 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , It is still not known whether RARE exist in the promoter regions of these genes.

Therefore, further studies, such as an extension of the treatment period with retinol or RA, are required to elucidate the exact effects of vitamin A on the IGF system in vivo. As discussed above, the IGF system is responsive to nutritional status such as food deprivation and protein malnutrition in mammals and birds 7 , ,14 , ,41 , 42 , In addition, the short-term vitamin A repletion applied in the present study failed to correct the vitamin A deficiency—induced changes in gene expression of the IGF system.


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Thus, the possibility that the changes in the IGF system observed in the present study are due only to the overall impaired nutritional state must be considered. However, apparent differences existed between the many changes of the IGF system in response to food restriction and the response to vitamin A deficiency. In the case of IR, the IR mRNA levels did not change in the brain of chickens starved for 5 d 14 and increased more than twofold in the liver of chickens starved for 2 d In contrast, the IR mRNA levels showed a reverse response to vitamin A deficiency in these two tissues of Japanese quail reported here.

In addition, different degrees of food restriction, ranging from 0.

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Recently, we found that the reduced plasma IGF-I concentration caused by the vitamin A deficiency in rats could be restored by RA after 8 h of administration unpublished data. Taken together, these results suggest that vitamin A indeed has its specific effect on the IGF system in the birds, although we cannot completely rule out the partial involvement of the food-intake factor at present.

To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo report on the effects of vitamin A on IGF system components. Further analysis is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms by which vitamin A influences the expression of these genes. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide.

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Abstract The insulin-like growth factor IGF system is regulated by various stimuli, including hormones, growth factors and nutritional status. View large Download slide. Growth, differentiation, and survival: Tissue concentrations of somatomedin C: Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins: Regulation by fasting of rat insulin-like growth factor I and its receptor.

Effects on gene expression and binding. Insulin receptor kinase activity in rat liver. Regulation by fasting and high carbohydrate feeding. Regulation of insulin receptor substrate-1 in liver and muscle of animal models of insulin resistance. Characterization of insulin receptors in chicken kidneys: Nutritional regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor mRNA levels in growing chickens.

Nutritional state regulates insulin receptor and IRS-1 phosphorylation and expression in chicken. Retinoic acid stimulates the transcription of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-6 in skeletal cells. Related Video Shorts 0 Upload your video. Try the Kindle edition and experience these great reading features: Customer reviews There are no customer reviews yet. Share your thoughts with other customers. Write a customer review. Amazon Giveaway allows you to run promotional giveaways in order to create buzz, reward your audience, and attract new followers and customers. Learn more about Amazon Giveaway.

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