Manual Akbar the Great Mogul, 1542-1605

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The marriage took place on 3 November Shams belonged to the great men of the country, and had long cherished this wish. Najib told Akbar that his uncle had made his daughter a present for him. Akbar accepted his representation and on 3 July he visited Najib Khan's house and married Qazi Isa's daughter. On 3 October , Akbar fell ill with an attack of dysentery from which he never recovered. He is believed to have died on 27 October , after which his body was buried at his mausoleum in Sikandra, Agra. Akbar left a rich legacy both for the Mughal Empire as well as the Indian subcontinent in general.

He firmly entrenched the authority of the Mughal Empire in India and beyond, after it had been threatened by the Afghans during his father's reign, [] establishing its military and diplomatic superiority. He also introduced several far-sighted social reforms, including prohibiting sati , legalising widow remarriage and raising the age of marriage. Folk tales revolving around him and Birbal, one of his navratnas , are popular in India. Bhavishya Purana is a minor Purana that depicts the various Hindu holy days and includes a section devoted to the various dynasties that ruled India, dating its oldest portion to CE and newest to the 18th century.

It contains a story about Akbar in which he is compared to the other Mughal rulers. The section called "Akbar Bahshaha Varnan", written in Sanskrit, describes his birth as a " reincarnation " of a sage who immolated himself on seeing the first Mughal ruler Babur, who is described as the "cruel king of Mlecchas Muslims ". In this text it is stated that Akbar "was a miraculous child" and that he would not follow the previous "violent ways" of the Mughals.

Citing Akbar's melding of the disparate 'fiefdoms' of India into the Mughal Empire as well as the lasting legacy of "pluralism and tolerance" that "underlies the values of the modern republic of India", Time magazine included his name in its list of top 25 world leaders. On the other hand, his legacy is explicitly negative in Pakistan for the same reasons.

Historian Mubarak Ali , while studying the image of Akbar in Pakistani textbooks, observes that Akbar "is conveniently ignored and not mentioned in any school textbook from class one to matriculation", as opposed to the omnipresence of emperor Aurangzeb. He quotes historian Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi , who said that, due to his religious tolerance, "Akbar had so weakened Islam through his policies that it could not be restored to its dominant position in the affairs.

As a conclusion, after analyzing many textbooks, Mubarak Ali says that "Akbar is criticized for bringing Muslims and Hindus together as one nation and putting the separate identity of the Muslims in danger. This policy of Akbar contradicts the theory of Two-Nation and therefore makes him an unpopular figure in Pakistan. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 6 January This article is about the Mughal emperor. For other uses, see Akbar disambiguation.

Akbar: The Great Mogul 1542-1605

Third Mughal emperor. This article's lead section contains information that is not included elsewhere in the article. If the information is appropriate for the lead of the article, this information should also be included in the body of the article. July Learn how and when to remove this template message. Badshah of the Mughal Empire. Akbar by Govardhan , c. Akbar's Tomb, Sikandra , Agra. See also: Akbar's conquest of Gujarat. Main article: Mansabdari. Main article: Din-i-Ilahi.

Main article: Akbarnama. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Ancestors of Akbar 8. Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur, Mughal Emperor [] 9. Qutlugh Nigar Khanum of Moghulistan [] 2.

Nasir-ud-din Muhammad Humayun, Mughal Emperor [] 5. Maham Begum [] 1. Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar, Mughal Emperor 6.

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Shaikh Ali Akbar Jami [] 3. Hamida Banu Begum [] 7. Mah Afroz Begum []. However, based on recollections of Humayun's personal attendant Jauhar, historian Vincent Arthur Smith holds that Akbar was born on 23 November the fourteenth day of Sha'aban , which had a full moon and was originally named Badr ud-din "The full moon of religion".

According to Smith, the recorded date of birth was changed at the time of Akbar's circumcision ceremony in March in order to throw off astrologers and sorcerers, and the name accordingly changed to Jalal ud-din "Splendour of Religion" [20]. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Retrieved 18 January New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications.


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Translated by Thackston, Wheeler M. Oxford University Press.

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She was His Majesty's chief wife. Since she did not have children, when Shahjahan was born His Majesty Arsh-Ashyani entrusted that "unique pearl of the caliphate" to the begam's care, and she undertook to raise the prince. She departed this life at the age of eighty-four. Domesticity and power in the early Mughal world.

Cambridge University Press. Akbar, the greatest Mogul. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 17 July Edinburgh University Press. Penguin books. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Oxford Reference. Retrieved 4 July Retrieved 5 July Netherlands: Amaryllis Books and Lannoo Dutch. Smith 13 July Akbar, the Great Mogul. London: Forgotten Books.

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