#4 Second Triumvirate - 43 BC (The Octavian Chronicles)

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Dark History of the Roman Emperors. A Smaller History of Rome.


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Fall of the Roman Republic. The Makers of Rome. The Empire of Alexander the Great. The Campaigns of Alexander. The Romans For Dummies. Guy de la Bedoyere. The War of Alexander's Successors. A Selection of Eight Lives.

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The Second Triumvirate

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The Letters of the Younger Pliny. The Fate of Rome. Tools of the Ancient Romans. The Sons of Caesar. The Queen of Sparta. Asia Minor, Syria and Armenia. The Age of Caesar: In 39 BC Antony and Octavian decided to negotiate an agreement to stop the piracy. According to Appian, Sextus hoped to replace Lepidus as the third triumvir, but instead he was confirmed in possession of the islands by the Pact of Misenum , in return agreeing to stop his piracy. According to one source Sextus' second-in-command Menas advised him to kidnap and kill Antony and Octavian while they were celebrating the deal at a dinner on Sextus's flagship, but Sextus refused.


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    7. Despite the agreement, conflicts continued. Octavian accused Sextus of continuing to raid Italian towns. In the following year Octavian attempted to take Sicily by force.

    He was defeated twice in naval battles off Messina. He then arranged a meeting with Antony, who was planning to attack Parthia and needed troops. Antony agreed to deliver ships for the attack on Sextus in exchange for troops to fight the Parthians. Though Octavian nominally oversaw the campaign against Sextus, the campaign was actually commanded by Octavian's lieutenant, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa , which culminated in victory in 36 BC.

    Agrippa had been consul in 37 BC and had secured the Triumvirate's renewal for a second five-year term. Like the First Triumvirate, the Second Triumvirate was ultimately unstable and could not withstand internal jealousies and ambitions. Antony detested Octavian and spent most of his time in the East, while Lepidus favoured Antony but felt himself obscured by both his colleagues, despite having succeeded Caesar as Pontifex Maximus in 43 BC. During the campaign against Sextus Pompey, Lepidus had raised a large army of 14 legions and a considerable navy.

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    Lepidus had been the first to land troops in Sicily and had captured several of the main towns. However, he felt that Octavian was treating him as a subordinate rather than an equal. After the defeat of Sextus Pompey, Lepidus stationed his legions in Sicily and argued that it should be absorbed into his territories. Alternatively, he should be restored to his former provinces, which had been legally guaranteed by the Lex Titia. Octavian accused Lepidus of attempting to usurp power and fomenting rebellion. Humiliatingly, Lepidus' legions in Sicily defected to Octavian and Lepidus himself was forced to submit to him.

    Lepidus was stripped of all his offices except that of Pontifex Maximus. Octavian sent him into exile in Circeii. In order to provide treasures and rewards for his troops and cement his reputation as a military commander, Octavian pursued a war in Illyricum to bring it under Roman control. After Antony's defeat in Parthia, Cleopatra had come to his aid with supplies; Antony then turned his attention to Armenia, seizing its king Artavasdes and occupying the country.

    With the complete defeat of Antony and the marginalisation of Lepidus, Octavian, having been restyled "Augustus" in 27 BC, remained as the sole master of the Roman world, and proceeded to establish the Principate as the first Roman "emperor". From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Lepidus left and Octavian right portrayed on denarii. Division of Roman Territories at Different Timepoints.

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    At the foundation of the Triumvirate 43 BC. After the Treaty of Brundisium 40 BC. Final War of the Roman Republic. Retrieved 18 April See Arnold Joseph Toynbee The first triumvirate and the conquest of Gaul," and "Julius Caesar Roman ruler: In the meantime, the Senate refused Octavian his rightful recognition for the victory and commanded him to turn over the troops of the consuls to Brutus. Instead Octavian marched on Rome and forced the Senate to name him consul suffectus. Retrieved 11 September Yale, , The Age of Augustus. Eck, Werner [].

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