Editorial Reviews. Review. Tackles the causes of extinction in birds and examines the ways to Facing Extinction: The world's rarest birds and the race to save them: 2nd edition - Kindle edition by Paul Donald, Nigel Collar, Stuart Marsden, Debbie Pain. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or.
Table of contents
- The world's rarest birds and the race to save them: 2nd edition
- Facing Extinction
- Facing Extinction
- Kakapo - Wikipedia
Return to Book Page. Preview — Facing Extinction by Paul Donald. An authoritative study of extinction in birds, with case studies of 20 critically endangered species and the research initiatives designed to save them. Hardcover , pages. To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up.
To ask other readers questions about Facing Extinction , please sign up. Lists with This Book. Nov 06, M Harris rated it it was amazing Shelves: I picked up this book off the library shelf intending to read only about one or two species whose pictures had intrigued me. Instead, I found myself enjoying the book so much that I read the entire book. I learned quite a bit about interesting birds, and was encouraged to hear about the efforts underway to keep them from going extinct. A good read, indeed. James rated it it was amazing Dec 16, Andrew Esposito rated it it was amazing May 10, Stockfish rated it it was amazing Mar 17, Middlethought rated it it was amazing Aug 05, Dinornis rated it really liked it Jan 05, Downie, and Robert J.
Biological atlases are efforts to map the distributions of species in a floristic or faunistic group using a grid-based system to document presence or absence. The basic concept was developed in Great Britain in the late s with the Atlas of the British Flora Perring and Walters , but has since expanded to a wide array of taxa.
Whether through historic inertia or the widespread popularity of birdwatching, it was no surprise that fieldwork for the first bird atlases started in Britain in the late s Atlas of Breeding Birds of the West Midlands , Lord and Munns ; and The Atlas of Breeding Birds in Britain and Ireland , Sharrock The ornithological significance of these early efforts is the legacy of atlases that were initiated in subsequent decades, from the first bird atlases in North America in the s and early s, to the more than bird atlases completed worldwide Gibbons et al.
Most atlases have focused on breeding bird populations, and have ranged from local e. Regardless of spatial extent, bird atlases typically involve collection of fine-scale data over multiple years, and they are excellent examples of how citizen science has benefited both ornithology and bird conservation.
The world's rarest birds and the race to save them: 2nd edition
First-generation atlas projects have contributed immensely to our understanding of bird distributions. This is immediately apparent, for example, in the range maps presented in many modern field guides and in Birds of North America Poole species accounts. Second atlases increase the value of atlas efforts by generating community-wide datasets that allow researchers to test for fine-scale change in species' distributions, which is timely given concern about the impacts of climate and land-use changes on bird populations.
In Britain and Ireland, more than 50 peer-reviewed journal articles have made major use of their second atlas results Balmer et al. Second atlas data have only recently become available for a few states and provinces in North America, but are already being used in important research.
Facing Extinction
For example, using data from New York's second breeding bird atlas McGowan and Corwin , northward shifts in range boundaries were observed for many species and reported to be driven by climate change Zuckerberg et al. With the greatly anticipated publication of this third-generation bird atlas, the Bird Atlas — The Breeding and Wintering Birds of Britain and Ireland has established a new, high bar for atlas projects around the world. The combination of both breeding and wintering atlases in this volume is significant, given the importance of both periods and current interest in full life cycle conservation.
Further, Bird Atlas —11 recruited an incredible 40, volunteers, who collected 19 million bird records to document the distribution and abundance of birds across Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, and the Channel Islands. Similar to most published atlas books, Bird Atlas —11 is a large reference, measuring It is beautifully designed and incorporates extensive color photographs, illustrations, and tables.
Some of the most useful material comes from the seven introductory chapters pages , in which the authors have detailed every step of the atlas from conception to completion. These chapters cover regional organization, publicity, field methods, data management, record review, analysis, and summary results. Social scientists or those interested in the effective use of citizen science data may be particularly interested in Chapter 5, in which the authors have provided a demographic breakdown of data sources. Chapter 6 summarizes long-term changes that have occurred since the first atlas —72 , and more recent changes since the second atlas — Not all species are showing downward trends though, and species such as the Cetti's Warbler Cettia cetti and Firecrest Regulus ignicapilla appear to have been thriving in Britain over the last 40 years.
Distributional changes alone do not always present a complete picture, however, and to further enrich the project abundance surveys were incorporated during both breeding and winter seasons. While the surveys did not allow for analyses as robust as some recent atlas projects e. This resulted in a more informative depiction of the occurrence and density of many species. For example, ubiquitous species such as the Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica were shown to occur at highest densities in Ireland and in relatively low densities in Scotland. This additional information is not only useful for bird enthusiasts, but critical to conservation efforts.
Although space did not allow inclusion of all species, an online appendix that includes all species observed is promised for the near future.
Facing Extinction
Most species are presented in the familiar two-page format that has become standard practice for bird atlases. Excellent photographs showcasing the species are followed by succinct and insightful accounts describing changes that have occurred over the various atlas time periods and potential explanations for apparent trends. The authors have chosen to present less text, skipping the reiteration of natural history to instead focus on the presentation of the maps.
Some results, like the successful reestablishment of the Red Kite Milvus milvus , were to be expected given intensive reintroduction efforts. The colonization of Ireland by Great Spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos major may be related to declining European Starling Sturnus vulgaris populations and increases in availability of dead and decaying wood.
Given the potential complexity of presenting change maps for the three time periods, the maps are easy to interpret and provide a wealth of information. Maps differ in resolution depending on available data or species conservation status; however, the reader should have little difficulty moving between various maps. The single color gradients combined with intuitive symbology make navigating the maps a breeze.
Additionally, the selected colors make sense in terms of seasonal representation—warm reds for the breeding maps and cooler blues for winter maps. In , a Kakapo Recovery programme was developed and a Kakapo Recovery Group established to implement it. The first action of the plan was to relocate all the remaining kakapo to suitable islands for them to breed. None of the New Zealand islands were ideal to establish kakapo without rehabilitation by extensive re-vegetation and the eradication of introduced mammalian predators and competitors. Four islands were finally chosen: Little Barrier Island was eventually viewed as unsuitable due to the rugged landscape, the thick forest and the continued presence of rats, and its birds were evacuated in A key part of the Recovery Plan is the supplementary feeding of females.
The kakapo breeds only once every two to five years, when a certain type of plant species, primarily Dacrydium cupressinum rimu , produces protein-rich fruit and seeds. Observations of the relationship between intermittent breeding and the plant's mast year help biologists choose which suitable supplementary foods to increase kakapo breeding frequency. Males and females ate the supplied foods, and females nested on Little Barrier Island in the summers of —91 for the first time since , although nesting success was low.
Kakapo - Wikipedia
Supplementary feeding not only increases kakapo breeding frequency, but also affects the sex ratio of kakapo offspring, as maternal conditions influence this ratio. This finding was subsequently used to increase the number of female chicks by deliberately manipulating maternal conditions. Though breeding can be improved by supplementary feeding, the survival of young kakapo is hampered by the presence of Polynesian rats. Of 21 chicks that hatched between and , nine were either killed by rats or died and were subsequently eaten by rats.
A small video camera and infra-red light source watch the nest continuously, and will scare approaching rats with flashing lights and loud popping sounds. To increase the success rate of nesting, a nest watcher places a small thermostatically controlled electric blanket over the eggs or chicks, whenever the female leaves the nest for food. To monitor the kakapo population continuously, each bird is equipped with a radio transmitter. It is an affectionate way for conservation staff to refer to individual birds, and a stark reminder of how few remain.
Artificial incubation of eggs and hand-raising of chicks have often been used to improve the condition of the eggs and chicks.
In , the Kakapo Recovery Programme presented a new management plan that would run from to The Kakapo Recovery programme has been successful, with the numbers of kakapo increasing steadily. Adult survival rate and productivity have both improved significantly since the programme's inception. However, the main goal is to establish at least one viable, self-sustaining, unmanaged population of kakapo as a functional component of the ecosystem in a protected habitat. During the — summer breeding season, the total population of kakapo rose to over for the first time since monitoring began, [75] reaching [4] by , with adults.
Twenty two of the 34 chicks had to be hand-reared because of a shortage of food on Codfish Island. In , seven kakapo were transferred to Little Barrier Island, in an attempt to establish a successful breeding programme. Kakapo were last on the island in In March , with the kakapo population having increased to , the bird's recovery was used by Melbourne artist Sayraphim Lothian as a metaphor for the recovery of Christchurch , parallelling the "indomitable spirit of these two communities and their determination to rebuild".
The bird was caught, generally at night, using snares , pitfall traps, or by groups of domesticated Polynesian dogs which accompanied hunting parties — sometimes they would use fire sticks of various sorts to dazzle a bird in the darkness, stopping it in their tracks and making the capture easier. This was corroborated by European settlers in New Zealand in the 19th century, among them George Edward Grey , who once wrote in a letter to an associate that his pet kakapo's behaviour towards him and his friends was "more like that of a dog than a bird". The conservation of the kakapo has made the species well known.
Many books and documentaries detailing the plight of the kakapo have been produced in recent years, one of the earliest being Two in the Bush , made by Gerald Durrell for the BBC in It was also one of the endangered animals Douglas Adams and Mark Carwardine set out to find for the radio series and book Last Chance to See.
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An updated version of the series has been produced for BBC TV, in which Stephen Fry and Carwardine revisit the animals to see how they are getting on almost 20 years later, and in January , they spent time filming the kakapo on Codfish Island. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A large flightless nocturnal parrot endemic to New Zealand. Maximum distribution since International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November New Zealand Journal of Ecology.
Retrieved 15 January Archived from the original on 12 February Retrieved 6 February Retrieved 5 March Retrieved 16 April Support for a Gondwanan Origin during the Cretaceous". Sequence analysis of an intron of the spindlin W and Z gene reveals four major divisions of the Psittaciformes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.
Nocturnal Birds of Australia. Illustrated by Jeremy Boot. Lansdowne Edns pp. The animal answer guide. New Zealand Journal of Botany. Retrieved 6 March Ghosts of Gondwana; The history of life in New Zealand. The Lost world of the Moa: Prehistoric life in New Zealand. The habits of flightless birds of New Zealand: Conservation of the kakapo: National Parks Authority, Wellington, N.
National Parks Series No. The conservation of the world's most peculiar parrot". Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews. Retrieved 3 September Handbook of the Birds of the World.
Retrieved 15 October Rare Birds Yearbook University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 22 March Science, sex and the kakapo". Revista chilena de historia natural. Forest Lore of the Maori. Memoirs of the Polynesian Society. Wellington , New Zealand: Retrieved 11 May Science, Sex and the kakapo".
Richard Henry of Resolution Island. Last Chance to See. New Zealand Journal of Zoology. Kakapo recovery plan — Retrieved 12 April June to September ". Archived from the original on 16 June Richard Henry was the 'elder statesman' of the kakapo population and a lynch pin to the future of the species".
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Threatened Species Recovery Plan No. Archived from the original on 17 March Retrieved 17 March Maori Bird Lore; An introduction. Saving New Zealand's endangered birds. Retrieved 18 May Search the collection database. Retrieved 1 August Which New Zealand Bird? Retrieved 8 August Retrieved 9 January Retrieved 29 March Rescued from the brink of extinction" Craig Potton Publishing, Nelson Quest for the kakapo.
Climo, Gideon; Ballance, Alison The story of a kakapo. Williams, Murray; Merton, Don An illustrated history" PDF. Eulenpapagei oder Kakapo Strigops habroptilus. Die letzten Tage des Kakapo. Maier, Ravensburg , S. Merton , Rodney B. Lek behaviour in a parrot: The Story of the World's most unusual bird. Foreword by David Bellamy. Saving New Zealand's Endangered Birds.