The European Union as a Leader in International Climate Change Politics (Routledge/UACES Contemporar

The European Union as a Leader in International Climate Change Politics. Front Cover. Rüdiger Wurzel, James Connelly. Routledge, Nov 1, - Political Science - pages . Politics Routledge/UACES Contemporary European Studies.
Table of contents

Assessing European Union's Engagement in Conflict Resolution in the Neighbourhood is the European Union's practice in resolving conflicts in its neighbourhood. It analyses the extent to which the EU lives up to its declarations and proceeds multilaterally, in cooperation with other international actors. Analysing the development of EU's engagement with China, the paper points out that past bilateral cooperation and dialogue between the EU and China have shown mixed impacts on the construction of a multilateral climate change regime. The paper argues that the EU's approach in engaging with new rising players, particularly China, should be improved to be more effective.

This paper is concerned with examining trajectories of regional integration. However, such processes may involve not only forms of intra-regional cooperation and ostensible community-building, but also forms of bilateralism and, above all, multilateralism. The paper examines questions of region, regionalism and minilateralism and aims at answering these questions by providing an analysis of the East Asian Summit and providing a comparison with another regional project, the Trans-Pacific Partnership.

An Exploration of International Involvement in Solving the Crisis in Darfur explores aspects of the numerous international efforts to solve the crisis in Darfur. It examines two specific questions: And what do we learn about 'multilateralism in practice' by studying the Darfur crisis? For several decades, Europe entertained a preferential relationship with its former colonies in Africa, which translated into a set of trade and development preferences. With the progressive diffusion of market liberalization, this preferential relationship came to be called into question.

This paper analyses how the 'multilateralisation' of development has influenced the EU approach, culminating with the adoption of the Economic Partnership Agreements EPAs with sub-Saharan African countries. Cooperation in the interest of Multilateralism evaluates the changing EU-China trade relationship. The EU is itself learning from its interaction with China, and China is beginning to assert itself as it becomes a more confident player.

The paper reviews these strategies and how they connect the two sides. It also looks at the stages of interaction between the two sides, from pre-WTO accession to post-accession. These two issue-areas are crucial in the Union's strategy for incorporating internal policy objectives into external, multilateral frameworks. The paper assesses the extent to which the EU can be defined as multilateral by exploring the actions of the European Commission and member states in relation to the different stakeholders concerned with the pursuit of these policies, such as partner countries and a range of organisations.

We not only mapped and analysed the effects of the EU's external relations and its contribution to effective multilateralism, but also addressed the question of how the EU encourages domestic reforms that lead to better governance and conflict resolution in the neighbourhood and in Africa. Work demonstrated that multilateralism is the Union's preferred method as well as its ultimate objective in relations with other regions and partners.

Both the Treaty and in the European Security Strategy make clear that EU's history serves as the key argument in its effort to create a world order based on rules. In order to be effective, multilateral institutions, regimes and their member states must be ready to act when the rules are broken. In reality, however, effective multilateralism remains a distant goal. The EU does approach its partners and certain target regions multilaterally sometimes, but behaves bilaterally or even unilaterally as often too. We also found that there are a number of interconnected issues that hamper the EU's multilateral efforts and where the EU needs to improve its performance to become more effective.

First, while the EU claims to prefer multilateral solutions, often the most important result is not a multilateral structure but rather positive solutions to problems.

The European Union as a Leader in International Climate Change Politics

Without a solution on the ground, the number of partners is less important. Second and related, the EU needs to understand the situation on the ground in order to define its objectives correctly. A wrong assessment leads to wrong priorities. This is true in resolving conflicts, where it must correctly identify the conflict parties and their motives as the case of Georgia shows. Moreover, other regional actors may use the same form of words but mean different things than the EU - as the example of regional integration in East Asia suggests.

Without a sophisticated understanding of meanings, cooperation can founder. Third, the EU must delimit its role and the role of the member states more clearly. If the member states do not use the EU as the primary channel of their engagement, the EU will remain only one among many European actors, as in the case of Darfur. A plurality of European voices blurs messages and fails to deliver effective solutions.

Moreover, the EU and its member states will remain vulnerable in negotiations because their partners will make use of the EU's divisions and sideline the EU, as the EU-China climate change talks show. However, the EU knows how to use these tactics itself against weaker collective players such as the ACP countries in the Economic Partnership Agreements. Fourth, the EU needs to agree on its approach together with its member states. The case of EU Neighbourhood Policy shows how ineffective European assistance may be if not coordinated properly and if not supported by all member states.

At the same time, convergence within the EU does not necessarily guarantee a multilateral - much less effective - action externally. It might be a precondition, but it needs more than internal agreement, as the example of energy policy suggests. Moreover, the EU must not confuse internal negotiations with multilateralism, as sometimes in case of Bosnia. Reaching a compromise within the EU may take a lot of time, but multilateralism begins only when the EU as a whole reaches out towards other external partners.

Partners should not feel that the negotiations have already been concluded. The EU in Multilateral Fora, analysed its leadership role, its role as a source of ideas and its capacity to act, in order to assess its contribution to effective multilateralism. It also considered the role of the EU in ad hoc, informal or unconventional forms of multilateralism. The purpose was to determine the EU's role in developing the emerging rules and practices of these organisations.

It examines the Quartet as a case of a crystallizing multilateral mediation while focusing on questions such as can the Quartet be regarded as a case of 'effective multilateralism'? Has it been genuinely multilateral? And has the EU contributed to the Quartet as a case of effective multilateralism?

The European Union and the reform of the United Nations: In particular, these benchmarks are used to evaluate what influence the positions of the Union's institutions and member states produce on the crucial issue of UN Security Council's reform. This paper offers an analysis of the EU's cooperation with other regional entities at the UN primarily the African Union and provides a model for testing the possible role of regional organizations and the evolution of regionalism within the UN system.

In sharp contrast to the Great Depression, the Great Recession of saw an unprecedented level attempts to coordinate macroeconomic policies internationally. In the light of increased international policy interdependence, the need for international policy coordination has been brought into bolder relief.

Fiscal Multilateralism in Times of the Great Recession investigates the state of fiscal multilateralism and the European Union's EU contribution in the G20 during and in the aftermath of the last economic and financial crisis. Assessing Cooperation with the UN provides a comparative analysis of EU-UN multilateral crisis management in a selected number of case studies.

It looks at both the top-level cooperation between Brussels and New York and the quality of actual coordination on the ground, including the role of other key actors such as individual EU Member States and regional organizations such as the African Union, the Arab League and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Final Report Summary - MERCURY (Multilateralism and the EU in the Contemporary global order)

Trade and Climate Change: With their complex inter-linkages, there is still no clarity about the rules governing trade and climate change. The paper focuses on the potential trade impact of EU climate policies on Africa, specifically border tax adjustments on commodities and carbon standards and labelling for consumer goods.

The paper provides tentative ideas on how European multilateralism in the UNFCCC could address Africa's concerns, promote transparency, confidence and trust among the parties, and support the continent's development. In this section we provide a description of the impact of the project, including dissemination activities and exploitation of results. A simulation exercise on G20 negotiations involving young researchers and students from partner institutes was carried out in July Moreover, results have been 'distilled' in policy briefs for the use of stakeholders and the wider public.

In addition, outreach took three forms: Building upon existing networks, MERCURY engaged in sustainable dialogue with stakeholders such as policymakers and politicians, civil servants, opinion-shapers, think-tanks, the media, NGOs, external government agencies, established academics, early career researchers and students. It is contributing to a reshaping of understandings of and attitudes towards multilateralism.

Hull Repository

It has transmitted findings in ways that outlive the life of the immediate project. For example, MERCURY created innovative learning and research tools such as Web learning tools and online databases that may be used in later teaching or research. DATEX covered the institutional development within three major policy fields, namely trade, foreign and security policy and migration policy.

Another example is the glossary of multilateralism, a definitional tool for researchers. For example, it showed an average of website hits per month through the life of the project, with a peak of nearly in July Project partners also published a total of 23 articles, papers and books. Policymakers were engaged not just in the research itself but in the transmission of findings, for example through stakeholder events which included EU officials, government and think-tank officials in member states and in African states. It built capacity within the consortium, both among junior researchers and also less developed institutional partners.

The trajectory of research on EU external relations will be maintained by creating a durable network of researchers within and beyond Europe. Through outreach events, researchers and end users engaged in genuine dialogue. Research results and policy recommendations were not simply be transmitted to stakeholders. Rather, end users participated in shaping deliverables, for example by commenting on work in progress.

The aim was to integrate end users, especially drawing on the expertise of the Advisory Board, into the design and execution of the outreach strategy. MERCURY public lectures were staged in these events and made research findings available in laymen's terms to invited audiences of academics, students, local stakeholders, and the media at host institutions. MERCURY also produced short policy briefs pages for media outreach and policymakers distilled research findings to their very essence.

This joint policy brief aimed to stimulate debate and reflection among stakeholders, from citizens to EU decision-makers.

Artur Runge-Metzger

While doing their fieldwork for working papers, several researchers took the opportunity to share results with stakeholders. Translations of e-papers into Portuguese and Mandarin ensured they were available in Brazil and China. The following events took place: The partners presented findings in workshops and in panels and roundtables at major European and international conferences in North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia.

They also included ad hoc events organised by partners in various countries.

Contributors

These academic activities were not part of the official deliverable list, but have formed a critical part of the academic impact agenda. Indeed it is an important response to the well-known 'Normative Power Europe' thesis and it is likely to continue to be cited and engaged. Also, this year we will publish an edited Routledge volume drawing together the most important of MERCURY's working papers, and this book will certainly have impact among the community of scholars engaged in work on the EU's external relations. It is being translated into Mandarin for Chinese audiences.

These were open events bringing together experts from different disciplines and national origins, thus broadening the scope of debate and reflection. Particular workshops addressed stakeholders, in order to communicate research findings to the interested policy communities in Brussels and other European capitals.

The purpose was to share findings and cross-fertilize research between the consortia. An important result was the joint policy brief produced by the three consortia. Multilateralism in the 21st Century: This extra deliverable raised the profile of the project and consortium, bringing together policy-makers and diplomats from the EU and Africa, including the National Security Advisor to the South African President, and the South Africa Ambassador to Mauritania. Media outlets were tapped to ensure widely-based dissemination.

The South Africa video will be edited and made available to interested stakeholders. Such appearances were realised in the framework of online formats such as university websites and in the German online magazine europa-digital. Dissemination and sustainability were crucial areas where impact was measured in concrete terms.

The following building blocks will contribute to sustainability: Leonard , Refugee Survey Quarterly, Vol. Leonard , International Migration, vol. Occhipinti , Perspectives on European Politics and Society, vol. Leonard , Cambridge Review of International Affairs, vol. Leonard , Comparative Migration Studies, vol. Johnson , Cambridge Review of International Affairs, vol.

Bures , Intelligence and National Security, vol. Leonard , European Politics and Society, vol. International Security Actorness in the External Dimension? Della Giovanna , Vol. A Case of Successful Norm Entrepreneurship? Leonard ; double-blind peer-reviewed; Leonard , Journal of European Public Policy, vol. Assessing the external dimension of EU counter-terrorism: MacKenzie , European Security, vol. Bures , Perspectives on European Politics and Society, vol. Towards Comprehensiveness in Crime Fighting and Counter-terrorism?


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Leonard , Perspectives on European Politics and Society, vol. Hoffmann , Comparative Migration Studies, vol. Rozee , European Security, vol. Demmelhuber , Cambridge Review of International Affairs, vol. More Actorness and Accountability 10 Years on? MacKenzie , Intelligence and National Security, vol.

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Collecting Nebula Award Winners of the 1970s

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