Free download.
Book file PDF easily for everyone and every device.
You can download and read online Lightning Strikes file PDF Book only if you are registered here.
And also you can download or read online all Book PDF file that related with Lightning Strikes book.
Happy reading Lightning Strikes Bookeveryone.
Download file Free Book PDF Lightning Strikes at Complete PDF Library.
This Book have some digital formats such us :paperbook, ebook, kindle, epub, fb2 and another formats.
Here is The CompletePDF Book Library.
It's free to register here to get Book file PDF Lightning Strikes Pocket Guide.
See lightning strikes in real time across the planet. Free access to maps of former thunderstorms. By leondumoulin.nl and contributors.America · Real Time Lightning Map · Maps:: Europe · Apps.
Table of contents
- Lightning Strike
- Accessibility links
- Lightning strike - Wikipedia
- Eastbourne sees 1,000 lightning strikes in one hour
- Ground Current
Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only. Researchers solve protein structure associated with inherited retinal diseases 1 hour ago. Australia's drought and bushfires, a personal view Dec 09, Why do I keep finding more new rocks in my garden year after year? Dec 06, Related Stories.
- Mysteries #10.
- Slave?
- When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors!.
- Account Login!
Lightning kills 22 in Bangladesh Jun 20, Nov 08, May 10, Deadly India superstorms kill nearly May 04, Aug 29, Jun 07, Recommended for you. Study: How US sewage plants can remove medicines from wastewater 1 hour ago. Connector fungi offer new clues to fate of nitrogen in warming tundra 8 hours ago. Jan 07, User comments. What do you think about this particular story?
Your message to the editors. Your email only if you want to be contacted back. One estimate is that the annual global death toll is 6, On the other hand, according to National Geographic , annually about 2, people are killed worldwide by lightning.
Lightning Strike
According to the NOAA , over the last 20 years, the United States averaged 51 annual lightning strike fatalities, placing it in the second position, just behind floods for deadly weather. In Kisii in western Kenya , some 30 people die each year from lightning strikes.
Kisii's high rate of lightning fatalities occurs because of the frequency of thunderstorms and because many of the area's structures have metal roofs. These statistics do not reflect the difference between direct strikes, where the victim was part of the lightning pathway, indirect effects of being close to the termination point, like ground currents, and resultant, where the casualty arose from subsequent events, such as fires or explosions.
Even the most knowledgeable first responders may not recognize a lightning-related injury, let alone particulars, which a medical examiner , police investigator or on the rare occasion a trained lightning expert may have difficulty identifying to record accurately. This ignores the reality that lightning, as the first event, may assume responsibility for the overall and resulting accident.
Direct strike casualties could be much higher than reported numbers. Trees are frequent conductors of lightning to the ground. In following seasons trees overgrow the damaged area and may cover it completely, leaving only a vertical scar.
Accessibility links
If the damage is severe, the tree may not be able to recover, and decay sets in, eventually killing the tree. In sparsely populated areas such as the Russian Far East and Siberia , lightning strikes are one of the major causes of forest fires. When water in fractured rock is rapidly heated by a lightning strike, the resulting steam explosion can cause rock disintegration and shift boulders.
It may be a significant factor in erosion of tropical and subtropical mountains that have never been glaciated. Evidence of lightning strikes includes erratic magnetic fields. Telephones , modems , computers and other electronic devices can be damaged by lightning, as harmful overcurrent can reach them through the phone jack , Ethernet cable , or electricity outlet. Hence, conductors of such currents exhibit marked skin effect , causing most of the currents to flow through the outer surface of the conductor.
Lightning strike - Wikipedia
In addition to electrical wiring damage, the other types of possible damage to consider include structural, fire, and property damage. The field of lightning protection systems is an enormous industry worldwide due to the impacts lightning can have on the constructs and activities of humankind.
Lightning, as varied in properties measured across orders of magnitude as it is, can cause direct effects or have secondary impacts; lead to the complete destruction of a facility or process or simply cause the failure of a remote electronic sensor; it can result in outdoor activities being halted for safety concerns to employees as a thunderstorm nears an area and until it has sufficiently passed; it can ignite volatile commodities stored in large quantities or interfere with the normal operation of a piece of equipment at critical periods of time.
Most lightning protection devices and systems protect physical structures on the earth, aircraft in flight being the notable exception.
While some attention has been paid to attempting to control lightning in the atmosphere, all attempts proved extremely limited in success. Chaff and silver iodide crystal concepts were devised to deal directly with the cloud cells and were dispensed directly into the clouds from an overflying aircraft. The chaff was devised to deal with the electrical manifestations of the storm from within, while the silver iodide salting technique was devised to deal with the mechanical forces of the storm. Hundreds of devices, including lightning rods and charge transfer systems, are used to mitigate lightning damage and influence the path of a lightning flash.
A lightning rod or lightning protector is a metal strip or rod connected to earth through conductors and a grounding system, used to provide a preferred pathway to ground if lightning terminates on a structure.
- Thunderclouds challenge laws of nature;
- Site Index;
- Elizabeth of the Trinity - The Great Carmelite Saint.
- Flame and Shadow!
- Four Color #994.
- Richard Wagner His Life and His Dramas: A Biographical Study of the Man and an Explanation of His Work!
- Drawing watercolor tree using Spatter Watercolor techniques - Its really fun and super easy!;
- Angels And Athletes.
- ‘Superbolts’ of lightning strike when scientists least expect | Science | AAAS!
- Be lightning smart!;
- The Bird Who Was Afraid Of Heights;
- A community project with free lightning maps and apps!
- The Fox: Freak Magnet.
The class of these products are often called a "finial" or "air terminal". A lightning rod or "Franklin rod" in honor of its famous inventor, Benjamin Franklin , is simply a metal rod, and without being connected to the lightning protection system, as was sometimes the case in the old days, will provide no added protection to a structure. Other names include "lightning conductor", "arrester", and "discharger"; however, over the years these names have been incorporated into other products or industries with a stake in lightning protection.
Lightning arrester, for example, often refers to fused links that explode when a strike occurs to a high voltage overhead power line to protect the more expensive transformers down the line by opening the circuit. In reality, it was an early form of a heavy duty surge protection device SPD.
Modern arresters, constructed with metal oxides, are capable of safely shunting abnormally high voltage surges to ground while preventing normal system voltages from being shorted to ground. The exact location of a lightning strike or when it will occur is still impossible to predict. However, products and systems have been designed of varying complexities to alert people as the probability of a strike increases above a set level determined by a risk assessment for the location's conditions and circumstances.
One significant improvement has been in the area of detection of flashes through both ground and satellite-based observation devices. The strikes and atmospheric flashes are not predicted, however the level of detail recorded by these technologies has vastly improved in the past 20 years. Although commonly associated with thunderstorms at close range, lightning strikes can occur on a day that seems devoid of clouds.
This occurrence is known as "A Bolt From the Blue"; [27] lightning can strike up to 10 miles from a cloud. Lightning interferes with AM amplitude modulation radio signals much more than FM frequency modulation signals, providing an easy way to gauge local lightning strike intensity. Stronger or nearby lightning strikes will also cause cracking if the receiver is tuned to a station.
Eastbourne sees 1,000 lightning strikes in one hour
Lightning detection systems have been developed and may be deployed in locations where lightning strikes present special risks, such as public parks. Whether inside or outside, anyone in contact with anything connected to metal wires, plumbing, or metal surfaces that extend outside is at risk. This includes anything that plugs into an electrical outlet, water faucets and showers, corded phones, and windows and doors.
Streamers develop as the downward-moving leader approaches the ground.
Ground Current
Typically, only one of the streamers makes contact with the leader as it approaches the ground and provides the path for the bright return stroke; however, when the main channel discharges, so do all the other streamers in the area. If a person is part of one of these streamers, they could be killed or injured during the streamer discharge even though the lightning channel was not completed between the cloud and the upward streamer.
Please Contact Us.
Safety National Program. Direct Strike A person struck directly by lightning becomes a part of the main lightning discharge channel. Side Flash A side flash also called a side splash occurs when lightning strikes a taller object near the victim and a portion of the current jumps from taller object to the victim.
Ground Current When lightning strikes a tree or other object, much of the energy travels outward from the strike in and along the ground surface. Conduction Lightning can travel long distances in wires or other metal surfaces.