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The funny part about Henry IV is that it's not actually about Henry IV. Even this opening scene, read more». 1. Henry IV Part 1 Act 1 Scene 1 Lyrics. SCENE I.
Table of contents
The relationship between the Irish unrest and the Welsh rebellion is explicated several times in the play, notably by the use of language. Both Welsh and Irish were considered barbarous languages, and Shakespeare makes a point of comparing the two. The central problem of this play is for Henry IV to establish control over territories he did not inherit. Henry IV soon realizes that he can only defeat the Celtic rebels and the Percy alliance by using tricks and warfare.
King Henry IV, Part 1
Thus, in the famous battle at Shrewsbury, we see several noblemen pretending to be Henry IV as a way of confusing the enemy. By far the most compelling character is Prince Hal, Henry's son.
He is a prodigal son who wastes his time in taverns and with the commoners. This image of Hal is built upon a play called The Famous Victories of Henry V , printed in , which depicts Hal as a madcap in his youth who then undergoes a reformation and assumes the throne. The image of Hal as being a man ready to assume power is presented in the first act to us, when Hal tells the audience that he is really only undercover, learning the languages of the common man. Hal is in fact Shakespeare's version of the ultimate Machiavel, based on Machiavelli's The Prince , printed in The combination of trickery, acting and statecraft show up in the way Hal controls the stage whenever he appears.
In playing the madcap, Hal is really only learning the skills he will need when he assumes the throne as Henry V. At the time of writing, several of the names Shakespeare chose for his characters were censored and subsequently amended. Among them is Falstaff, who was initially known as Sir John Oldcastle. This man, an ancestor of the Cobham family, was likely removed after William Brook, the seventh Lord Cobham and also the lord chamberlain, protested to the use of his ancestor. In here, of course, we establish the lout with a sharp mind and careful cunning, dissembling for all to see but careful of the long game.
When his his father sore needs his son's aid, Hal comes to Still one of my most favorite histories, or at least part one of perhaps three. When his his father sore needs his son's aid, Hal comes to the rescue, throwing off all such base clouds, or as little as need be, to ensure both his father and the close court of his worthiness, and he does so with flying colors, killing the most worthy night in England, the poor Percy of the Hot Blood, and so restoring both his honor and his valor in both word and deed.
This, of course, is just the prelude. The foreshadowing. The stage upon such things as the Ides of March are set. Who knew that when Will Shook his Spear, he'd ever have so much to say? View all 6 comments. Food for powder, food for powder. In tone and atmosphere it is far more varied and naturalistic than its predecessor, Richard II. There are those who see in Falstaff the spirit of carnival—the ecstatic embrace of all the pleasures of life and the total rejection of all the hypocrisies of society. Others see Falstaff as a corrupter and a lout—a lazy and selfish fool. For my part I vacillate between these two attitudes.
Still, I cannot help thinking that, if the Falstaffian attitude were embraced too widely, society itself would be impossible. Some social restraint on our pleasure-loving instincts is necessary if we are not to end up fat drunken thieves. On the other hand, a generous dose of the Falstaffian attitude can be a great antidote to the self-righteous nonsense that leads us into war. In any case, Falstaff is not the only great character in this play. Hotspur is a mass of furious energy, an electrifying presence every time he is on stage.
Here is an annotated bibliography for Henry IV
Prince Hal, though less charismatic, is more complex. From the start, he already has an ambivalent relationship with Falstaff, a kind of icy affection or warm disregard. Indeed, Hal holds everyone at a distance, and one senses a skeptical intelligence that is wary of committing until the circumstances are just right.
His actions seem far too deliberate, his timing too perfect. Was he hoping to learn something by keeping company with Falstaff and his lot? View 1 comment. The second play about The Wars of the Roses and so massive in history, good ol' Will had to make two parts about this particular king! Since then, he has not had a quiet reign.
There are still those who want Richard back funny, considering how many supported Henry because they were unsatisfied with Richard's way of doing things. How did kings usually solve such a problem? Right, with a crusade, what else?!
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But he The second play about The Wars of the Roses and so massive in history, good ol' Will had to make two parts about this particular king! But he faces such problems with Wales and Scotland that he can't go on the merry road-and-killing-trip. There is lots of intrigue from influential families such as the Percys and Henry's own son is giving him a headache or two as well since scandalous behaviour makes people question the worthiness to the throne. The most charismatic person here definitely is Falstaff - as fat and drunk and corrupt as the old bloke may have been.
That charisma is not just thrown at the audience but also at Henry's son. But soon, there is an outlet for all the pressure boiling up because the intrigues against King Henry IV result in a battle at Shrewsbury. Opposite the king's forces is one of the Percys, called "Hotspur" of all things one has to love the nicknames of the time.
Funnily enough literally because they are comic relief in my opinion , completing the trio is King Henry's son and his friends yes, including the fat and drunk Falstaff who is no longer charismatic in my opinion, but acts most shamefully. I must say, I didn't like Hal Henry's son very much. He was vile, thought himself oh-so-much-better, and made fun of his companions especially Falstaff in the worst ways.
However, he himself informs the audience that this time will be over soon and that he will proof himself worthy. Had I not known what king he was to become, I would have considered this announcement the greatest joke in the play. Nevertheless, the aforementioned battle at Shrewsbury gives Hal his chance after he somehow gets his father to give him command and he does proof himself worthy indeed.
There is the inevitable climax in form of single combat between Hal and Hotspur and it was thrilling. In the end, even the dishonourable Falstaff wants to make amends for his behaviour and vows to change his ways. Thus, it can be said that apart from the overall theme of the Wars of the Roses, this play is also about sinful youths growing up to become men of honour. It definitely is the groundwork not only for part 2 but also for the next play about Henry V. I liked this play much better than the one about Richard II. Maybe I, too, fell for the comic relief and was blinded by fools becoming heroes.
View all 25 comments. Taught this play many times in the 60's and 70's, when it was often the one Shakespeare play in a college Intro to Lit class: great play, but heavily male. After my study with two prominent women Shakespeareans separate post-docs at Harvard and Breadloaf I moved, for the sake of my largely female community college students, to stronger women characters in the comedies and, say, Measure for Measure.
But I still offhandedly quote from 1H4, say "If reasons were as plentiful as blackberries… Taught this play many times in the 60's and 70's, when it was often the one Shakespeare play in a college Intro to Lit class: great play, but heavily male. But I still offhandedly quote from 1H4, say "If reasons were as plentiful as blackberries…"Falstaff to Hal who's caught him running away.
I emphasized students aloudread for Tone of Voice, essential for lit, and especially for drama. This play teaches tone really well: Falstaff insults the Hostess, by calling her "You woman! Because of Falstaff's tone. Forgive I quote from memory here, last taught it two decades ago. Shakespeare shows his invention what we now call creativity, a different concept every time Falstaff speaks. For instance, Hal insults Fallstaff's overweight with common criticism more useful to oversized Americans now--"this bed-presser, this huge hill of flesh"--while Falstaff thinks up great anti-jogger insults, "you starveling, you eelskin, you dried neat's tongue, you bull's pizzle…you sheath, you bow case, you vile standing tuck….
Oh, for breath to utter what is like thee! Next Falstaff play-acts "in King Cambyses vein" playing Hal's father the King, saying about the Hostess, "For tears do stop the floodgates of her eyes.. I also don't have it in me to go full snark on you, so let me just sum up this wonderful mess of a play: I never thought I would enjoy like I only know Targaryen. So much roasting, so many witty one-liners, all of the likeable characters who make stupid ass choices but you wouldn't expect anything less because it's fucking Shakespeare.
Honestly, the biggest mood in this entire ass play is Prince Hal being a huge disappointment to his father on purpose. His reasoning behind his lowly ways literally is the fact that he thinks that he can impress his father better if the latter has the worst opinion of his character I mean, he isn't wrong I still don't know if Hal really had to go all out hanging around with thieves and whores but go off, I guess, we all had some rough days in our teenage years. We all know, Roman culture is stabbing yourself just to prove a point, so I think Hal's take on life is actually quite reasonable.
It helped me a lot in my comprehension that this play was so foreseeable as I had enough on my hands with keeping all of those names apart why is literally every male named Henry or Richard??? I could cry. The way he tried to bullshit himself through this war by basically dropping dead every five seconds without fighting at all, and then later claiming all the biggest wins for himself was so fucking relatable, my most used annotation was: ME.
I was rooting so much for Hal to finally prove his father wrong and make him proud in the end, whilst also feeling for Harry and his struggles to make a name for himself. Shakespeare really did an amazing job at fleshing out all of these characters in a very short amount of time. Henry IV, Part 1 is definitely a play to remember and I cannot wait to finally finish its second part.
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Nov 20, Neil Walker rated it it was amazing. It may not be immediately obvious to people, when reading something like Drug Gang, but William Shakespeare has been a major and important influence on my writing. As an author, I have taken on board a lot of lessons from Shakespeare in terms of structure, story and character arcs. Henry IV, Part 1 has always been my favourite work of Shakespeare.
Primarily, this is because of the gradual transformation that Prince Hal goes through. Also, Falstaff is an amazing character, providing plenty of It may not be immediately obvious to people, when reading something like Drug Gang, but William Shakespeare has been a major and important influence on my writing.