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The red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) is a bird of prey that breeds throughout most of North America, from the interior of Alaska and northern Canada to as far.
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The same pair may use the nest year after year. The female lays one to five grayish-white, speckled eggs at two-day intervals. Once the chicks hatch, it's a busy time for the red-tailed parents. At that stage, chicks begin to chase parents for food, and the adults drop food for the young to catch. With a full stomach, the young play-chase things that look like prey.
Red-Tailed Hawk
As the chicks develop, the parents begin to drop live prey for the chicks to chase and catch. The more skilled the young become, the less the parents do this, forcing the chicks to hunt on their own. In fact, the youngsters are a much lighter color than their parents, but their feathers change color gradually over several molts. The juveniles' hunting style also changes as they mature. As young hawks, they tend to hover high above the ground and grab at mice, large insects, reptiles, and whatever they can snag, whereas adults soar and may swoop down to grab birds or even bats in flight.
Some came to us after being injured in the wild. They all serve as animal ambassadors, meeting guests up close and making appearances in shows and on television. While common and even numerous in North America, red-tailed hawks, like all wildlife, are vulnerable to hunters, loss of habitat, environmental toxins, and, especially for young hawks, cars.
Migratory Bird Act. The preservation of wild places, whether plains or meadows, vast forests or city parks, can provide hunting and nesting sites for these and many other wild creatures. Together we can save and protect wildlife around the globe. The powerful cry of a red-tailed hawk is the same cry used in TV commercials depicting bald eagles.
Advertisers feel the hawk's voice sounds more regal and eagle-like than the eagle's! Main menu.
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Red-Tailed Hawk | National Geographic
Ferruginous hawks and red-tailed hawks share the title of largest hawks in North America. Red-tailed hawk eggshells are tinted green on the inside. Kangaroo Paw. African Spurred Tortoise.
The upper side of the tail of most adult birds is deep rufous, although the Harlan's Red-tailed Hawk, a subspecies occasionally seen in Washington, has a light gray or banded tail. Light birds often have a faint white 'V' on their back-feathers that can be seen when they are perched. Juveniles lack the red tail. Red-tailed Hawks are found in almost every type of habitat, as long as there are open areas interspersed with patches of trees or other elevated perches. They can often be seen perched in trees or on poles near open fields or agricultural areas, and along roads.
Red-tailed Hawks are adapted for soaring and will spend long periods riding thermals, looking for prey or migrating. They also use a sit-and-wait style of hunting, scanning for prey from high perches. They are commonly seen along roadsides or soaring over open fields. Red-tailed Hawks eat many small mammals, especially rodents and rabbits.
Birds, reptiles, and sometimes fish or large insects all fall prey to Red-tailed Hawks on occasion. They have also been known to steal prey from other raptors and to eat fresh carrion.
Red-tailed Hawks are monogamous and may remain paired throughout the year. At the beginning of the breeding season, they perform impressive aerial courtship flights, accompanied by shrill screams. The nest is built in a tall tree, often the tallest tree in a cluster, or on cliff ledges, towers, nest platforms, and occasionally buildings. In western Washington, the nest is usually in a hardwood tree, especially black cottonwood or red alder.
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Both sexes help build the nest, a bulky collection of sticks lined with bark and other fine material. Greenery is often added. Both help incubate the 2 to 3 eggs for 28 to 32 days. The female stays on the nest and broods the young for the first 30 to 35 days after they hatch. During this time the male brings food, which the female tears up and feeds to the young. At 42 to 46 days, the young leave the nest, but can't fly for another 2 to 3 weeks.
The majority of juveniles don't start catching their own food until 6 to 7 weeks after they leave the nest, although some start sooner.
Red-tailed Hawk
Some juveniles may continue to associate with their parents for up to six months after they leave the nest. Most Red-tailed Hawks at the northern extent of their range mostly in Canada and the northern Great Plains migrate, while the rest of the population, including Washington's breeders, is resident. Those that migrate do so late in the fall and early in the spring, and typically winter throughout the United States and northern Mexico.
Red-tailed Hawks are the most common and widespread hawk in North America. Red-tail numbers have increased significantly as a result of forest fragmentation that creates the mosaic of interspersed wooded and open areas they prefer. In some areas, this increase has been at the expense of Red-shouldered, Ferruginous, and Swainson's Hawks. Harlan's Red-tailed Hawks seem to have increased in number. Red-tailed Hawks can be found year round throughout most of Washington, including in developed areas such as the city of Seattle.
One species, the Harlan's Red-tailed Hawk, winters regularly in small numbers near Bellingham Whatcom County and is found regularly in Skagit and Snohomish Counties, but rarely in other areas either side of the Cascades. Click here to visit this species' account and breeding-season distribution map in Sound to Sage , Seattle Audubon's on-line breeding bird atlas of Island, King, Kitsap, and Kittitas Counties.