Guide Mist And Flame

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Flame in the Mist book. Read reviews from the world's largest community for readers. The only daughter of a prominent samurai, Mariko has always kn.
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The other ancestral flame barrier isn't better either. Says it creates a wall that lasts 10 seconds. It creates a wave that disappears immediately instead. It's a bad tooltip, the actual flame ring is the only thing that does damage, and it won't go off if you get cc'd during the 5 second countdown. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. All rights reserved. Want to join? Log in or sign up in seconds.

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You should be able to understand the general topic of a post without opening the original post. In the case of questions, have the title include the question. No account support threads Do not make threads, looking to specifically contact a Trion staff member. Do not make threads just to point out to your support ticket. Please instead use Trion Worlds support for that. Thus, an objective of this invention is to provide a water mist fire suppression method using an electronic ultrasonic device to produce a water mist having sub-micron diameter water droplets.

Another objective of the invention is to provide a fire suppression device using an electronic ultrasonic device to produce a water mist and optionally powered by line fed electric power or a portable power source such as a battery. Another objective of the invention is to provide a fire suppression method using a mist generation method that does not need pressurized water or gas. Another objective of the invention is to use a method of generating mist for fire suppression that does not use an atomizing nozzle and is free from nozzle clogging and flow blockage.

Another objective is to provide a device and method to deliver a sub-micron diameter mist to a fire such that the mist that is entrained by the fire. Another objective is to provide a mist for fire suppression without mechanically imparting excessive momentum to the mist. Another objective is to provide a mist for fire suppression in which the mist is introduced from the base of the fire. Another objective is to minimize water usage and the quantity of mist needed to suppress a fire by delivering the mist to the most reactive zone in the fire base using very low injection velocity.

Another objective is to reduce the quantity of water needed for suppressing a fire by several orders of magnitude compared to conventional mists by using water mist having sub- micron diameter droplets. Another objective is to deliver a sub-micron mist to a fire such that the mist will vaporize before impact with surface areas and not wet surface areas or equipment.

Another objective is to provide a tangential flow of air or gas for carrying the mist out of the mist generator without affecting the centerline mist producing water fountain. This invention relates to a fire suppression method based on water mist generated by an electronic high frequency ultrasonic device and differs from prior methods of producing water mist using high-pressure elements or high velocity gas streams.

More specifically, the present invention discloses the application of a mist generation method that does not use nozzles to create an ultra fine mist, and, thus, is free of nozzle clogging and does not require water at elevated pressure or compressed gas. The advantageous features of the invention positively enhance the safety and economics of fire protection and suppression, while improving effectiveness.

In the present method, a water-bed at ambient pressure is subjected to ultrasonic waves driven by a piezoelectric transducer.


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The oscillating frequency of the transducer provides the ultrasonic waves that atomize the water to produce droplets less than 1 micron in diameter, for instance nanometers. Typical transducers available commercially are used in medical applications, cleaning, and humidifying and operate with oscillating frequencies up to 2. These transducers produce extremely small droplets, which could measure less than 1 micron with some modification of the design. For generating largely sub-micron size mist, as required in the present invention, these transducers may be modified and adapted to provide still higher oscillating frequencies.

In addition to increasing the frequency of the transducer, there are other factors that can be varied to decrease the droplet size of the resulting water mist, such as by reducing the surface tension of the water and increasing the water-bath temperature or both. The sensible enthalpy increase due to elevated water-bath temperature is not significant compared to the large magnitude of latent heat of vaporization of water.

Based on this, increasing the bath temperature is an efficient way of reducing the mist droplet size. In fact, the natural heating taking place during the oscillator functioning helps to achieve this beneficial property. The sub-micron diameter water mist droplets created by the invention are created at ambient pressure. Therefore, the mist is created cost effectively because no expensive technology is required, and the mist also is created very safely and quietly.

Instead of using noisy and dangerous high-pressure equipment, the water mist is produced by ultrasonic oscillations provided by electronic means without need for pressurized fluids or sophisticated nozzles. The very fine mist generated by the ultrasonic waves is transported and delivered to a fire by gravity, a carrier gas comprised of inert gas, or air. Using air, the mist could also be pulled out of the generator using a fan at the outlet without using any additional carrier fluids.

Each of the preferred delivery methods avoid the problems associated with excess momentum that exist in prior art mist delivery systems using high velocity nozzles and the like. The specific embodiments of the apparatus and delivery method utilized in the invention may vary in accordance with the particular fire suppression application chosen.

Proposed application areas include computer data storage areas, machinery space, ground vehicles, aircrafts, ships and submarines, a variety of indoor fires, and a variety of outdoor fires.

Special cases may involve application for wildfires, such as in forests, where mist curtains may be installed at calculated distances to absorb the heat energy and diffuse the thermal wave propagation. These various application areas may be treated using fixed systems, hand-held portable devices, or indoor-outdoor portable units.

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Regardless, each specific system should be designed utilizing the present method of generating a water mist and having a suitable delivery setup for the specific fire scenario. Because the sub-micron diameter droplets are so fine, the droplets do not wet surface areas when applied to a fire. Instead, the droplets rapidly vaporize to cool and suppress the fire. Likewise, the droplets will not come to rest on items and cause electrical conduction or damage precious items.

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With these advantages of the invention in mind, the method and apparatus for generation of a sub-micron droplet mist for application in fire suppression has the potential to replace halon and other chemicals presently used in place of halons for fire suppression. Ultrasonic atomizers consisting of an oscillator and atomization needle, or probe, combination are alternatives to demonstrate the concept of producing mist and are commercially available. However, these atomizers are not cost-effective and would be prohibitively expensive for use in fire suppression.

The oscillator and needle combination uses similar principles as described herein, but these available atomizers have low throughput and are specifically designed for low momentum coating or spraying applications.

In these, the liquid travels through a probe through a narrow bore and spreads out as a thin film on the atomizing surface. The oscillations at the tip of the probe discharge the liquid into micro- droplets, and then eject them to form a gentle, low viscosity mist. The liquid viscosity may be a limiting factor, and the commercial ultrasonic atomizers of this type are expensive and cannot be widely used for large-scale applications such as fire suppression or protection. For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:.

Referring to the figures, the present invention is shown in alternative embodiments. In particular the figures illustrate two embodiments of a device having a mist generator 8 for producing an ultra fine mist having sub-micron droplets. The embodiments disclose various ways of delivering the mist to a fire consistent with application of the present invention to various fire scenarios. As shown in figure 1, a piezoelectric transducer 10 connected to a suitable power source via connections 12 is submerged in a bath of water or arranged in physical communication with water The piezoelectric transducer 10 receives an electrical signal and converts electrical oscillations into high frequency mechanical vibrations, which facilitate atomization of fluids by producing ultrasonic pressure or sound waves with rarefaction and compression cycles.

The required high frequency pressure waves may be provided by a high frequency wave generating laser device also. Above a certain limit, rarefaction produces cavitations resulting in bubbles that expand during the negative pressure excursion and implode violently during the positive excursion. The cavitations cause the imploding bubbles to surface out as small droplets during compression and form a fog-like mist.

Therefore, the ultrasonic waves produced by the high frequency vibration cause atomization of the water into a cloud of droplets. Above the oscillating disc of the transducer 10, a water fountain plume 16 is formed with heights varying from a few inches to a foot depending on the oscillator size and frequency. Extremely small droplets of water 18 or mist originate and come out of this fountain Attempts to suppress this fountain 16 or block the flow results in either the termination or reduction of mist 18 throughput.

As a result, if a fan is used to push the mist out of the generator container 8, the air-flow will have the tendency to disturb the fountain flow. Flow behaviors at the entrance into the flow ingress 20 of the mist generator 8 and leaving at the mist egress 22 should be well organized as shown in figure 3.

A Review of Water Mist Fire Suppression Research and Development, | SpringerLink

To optimize the function of the invention, well-organized flow behavior will typically be a feature of the invention discussed further herein. The water droplet 18 size produced by the atomization process depends on the surface tension of the water 14, the density of the water, and the frequency of oscillation of the transducer The droplet 18 diameter decreases with decreasing surface tension of the liquid The droplet 18 size also decreases with increasing liquid 14 temperature. Also, droplet 18 diameter decreases with increasing density of liquid 14 and frequency of oscillation of transducer In order to produce a mist 18 having a significant proportion of droplets having droplet diameters less than one micron as recommended by the invention, the frequency produced by the piezoelectric transducer 10 herein may be greater than usual.

The approximately 1 to 2 MHz frequencies used in prior functions is adequate for producing mists having micron particles useful in humidifiers, foggers, cleaning, and other functions. However, frequencies greater than 2. A variable frequency oscillator may be utilized to obtain a broader spectrum of droplet 18 size. As indicated before, smaller diameter droplets 18 can be produced by decreasing the surface tension of the water 14, which maybe accomplished by adding surfactants or surface- active agents or by some other means.

In addition, the temperature of the waterl4 may be elevated to decrease the droplet 18 diameter produced. During the process of oscillations and sound wave propagation some heating takes place, which promotes the further reduction of droplet 18 size. The cloud-like collection of extremely small droplets 18 forming the mist created by the atomizing process hang in the air like a dense gas and slowly succumb to the forces of gravity without any other impetus provided. The impetus provided and, therefore, the mist delivery method used in the invention is an important factor in the effectiveness of the mist 18 in fire suppression because the mist 18 should be supplied to the firebase.

Therefore, the delivery method used by the invention is customized according to the particular fire suppression application, such as open fires, room fires, machinery space, or other scenarios.