Guide Dust of the Desert

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Dust of the Desert [Robert Welles Ritchie, Beau Yotty] on leondumoulin.nl *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. An American is called out west by a friend; with the.
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But nothing prepared them for the real thing. Scientists have been trying to figure this out for half a century, ever since someone accidentally discovered how far dust can travel. That was in August They put the net on a tower at the eastern edge of Barbados. High on a cliff, this tower overlooked the ocean. Air blowing in had just traveled 4, kilometers 2, miles across the Atlantic Ocean.

That would let the scientists pick out the tiny amounts of cosmic dust that came from space. They soon learned differently. The nets turned brick red within hours. At the time, he was a young scientist in Florida who had learned about this soon after it happened. The dust must have started from some place on Earth. So the English scientists gave up on collecting cosmic dust. They also gave up on the tower and offered it to Prospero. And he was thrilled. This was exactly the kind of dirty air he had been hoping for. Prospero was an atmospheric chemist who had just started his first job at the University of Miami in Florida.

He never planned to study dust. He found himself working on it by accident. He had built a little machine that made bubbles. He took it on a research ship thousands of kilometers from land.

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He floated his machine on the ocean and measured what elements were flung into the air by the bursting bubbles. The mix of elements coming from the bubbles did not match what other scientists were measuring in the air above the remote oceans. Prospero also was finding other clues that helped him make sense of his data. Among them was mud that other scientists had collected during research cruises.


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The mud was from the bottom of the ocean, often from a depth of more than 3, meters about 10, feet. Some samples had come from parts of the ocean that were thousands of kilometers from land. They were all cluttered with tiny flecks of crystals — minerals known as quartz and mica MY-kah. These minerals were known to form on land, not in the sea. Perhaps, Prospero thought, the minerals on the sea floor and the sodium, potassium and calcium in the air above the water were coming from the same source: tiny grains of dust. That dust might ride the winds for thousands of kilometers before finally settling down onto the ocean.

If true, it would mean that 30 to 80 percent of the mud on the sea floor actually came from distant lands! The tower in Barbados finally let Prospero tie these threads of evidence together. It confirmed his suspicions. In , he reported that the red mud collected in Barbados contained the same mineral recipe that other scientists had found in soils from the Sahara. The following year, he spent hours on an airplane as it made dozens of research flights over the Atlantic.

Those flights crisscrossed a region of the ocean between Barbados and Africa. Prospero collected dust the entire way. Those flights revealed something never seen before: One to three kilometers 0.

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That air periodically got hazy as the plane passed through. That conveyor belt of dusty air stretched from Africa across the ocean, to the Caribbean. It is now known as the Saharan Air Layer. But in , he published calculations showing that around 30 billion kilograms 33 million tons of Saharan dust flew over the Atlantic Ocean toward Barbados each year.

He spent many years operating up to 30 dust-collecting stations around the world. But they provided only a spotty view of the process. Nimbus-7 was launched into orbit around Earth in It was supposed to measure a kind of air pollution in the lower atmosphere known as ozone. It did this by shining different wavelengths of ultraviolet light down at Earth and measuring how much got reflected back into space. But dust also absorbs some ultraviolet light.

Now, scientists could watch dust plumes sail through the skies even when clouds were in the way. And for the first time ever, they could pinpoint where much of that dust came from. The site was mysterious, remote and unstudied. So in February , Washington and his companions traveled there to have a look. There, they discovered something breathtaking — and a little alarming. Ridges of smooth, wind-battered stone stood here and there in the flat wasteland.

The ridges all ran in the same direction, as though hunkered against the wind that constantly blew from the east. The researchers launched balloons into the air several times a day. They tracked how each drifted as it rose to measure the winds hundreds of meters above. Much of the time, the air at Chicha held little dust. But none of the team members will ever forget a storm that arrived later that trip. They had seen these storms play out silently, in slow motion, on satellite pictures. They knew the storms could be monsters.

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But nothing prepared them for the real thing. Scientists have been trying to figure this out for half a century, ever since someone accidentally discovered how far dust can travel. That was in August They put the net on a tower at the eastern edge of Barbados. High on a cliff, this tower overlooked the ocean. Air blowing in had just traveled 4, kilometers 2, miles across the Atlantic Ocean. That would let the scientists pick out the tiny amounts of cosmic dust that came from space. They soon learned differently. The nets turned brick red within hours.

At the time, he was a young scientist in Florida who had learned about this soon after it happened. The dust must have started from some place on Earth. So the English scientists gave up on collecting cosmic dust. They also gave up on the tower and offered it to Prospero. And he was thrilled. This was exactly the kind of dirty air he had been hoping for.


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    • Prospero was an atmospheric chemist who had just started his first job at the University of Miami in Florida. He never planned to study dust.

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    He found himself working on it by accident. He had built a little machine that made bubbles. He took it on a research ship thousands of kilometers from land.