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Twelve Years a Slave is an memoir and slave narrative by American Solomon Northup as told to and edited by David Wilson. Northup, a black man who  Publisher‎: ‎Derby & Miller‎, ‎Auburn, New York.
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With assistance from legal authorities, Northup endeavored to make his kidnappers pay for their crime.

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He failed to win convictions in a court of law, but succeeded in a broader sense. Twelve Years a Slave , written with assistance from David Wilson, a New York lawyer, became enormously popular, selling 30, copies. Twelve Years a Slave educated Americans about slave life in the Deep South and contributed to the growth of anti-slavery sentiment before the Civil War. Steve McQueen's movie feels more like an unrelentingly hellish view of slavery than does Northup's book, which depicts the occasional opportunities slaves had for relief from the brutal plantation regimen-a few days during the Christmas holidays for rest, celebration, and good eating.

Talented slaves could experience small degrees of liberty. On Sundays, Northup visited other locales, played his fiddle for whites at social events, and kept some of the earnings. Although McQueen portrays some of these activities, his two-hour movie cannot present the full range of observations that Northup offered in his page narrative.

McQueen's principal message concerns the horrors of slavery, both physical and psychological. The director cannot be faulted in this choice, for virtually all of the tragic scenes in his production are documented in Northup's book. Much of the book and movie are devoted to the ten years that Northup Chiwetel Ejiofor lived and worked on the plantation of Edwin Epps, played by Michael Fassbender as a deranged sadist.

In the book, Northup attributes much of Epps's violence to bouts with the bottle, but also provides enough evidence to give a director license to explore a more psychological interpretation. The movie shows Epps frequently using the whip or urging its use, a portrayal Northup's narrative supports: "It was rarely that a day passed by without one or more whippings. Northup wrote about Epps's sexual exploitation of a talented slave woman, Patsey.

The shortcoming in McQueen's depiction of slave life lies elsewhere. The movie's persistent focus fails to capture the small ways that slaves influenced their situations, managing to establish degrees of social and economic autonomy. Some discovered ways to negotiate relationships with masters and overseers on their own terms, and the slave community sustained its members during the harshest periods of Louisiana's cotton and sugar booms.

Northup's book presents a more complex picture of slave life than does the movie, which concentrates sharply on themes of oppression and victimization.

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Still, 12 Years a Slave offers many teachable moments for historians. Attention to details in the story can open opportunities for classroom discussion. In the film's early scenes, Northup and other chattel are shipped from Washington, DC, to the market in New Orleans as part of the interstate slave trade that historian Ira Berlin has called the "Second Middle Passage.

12 Years A Slave: the true story of Solomon Northup

In the movie's scenes of a slave market in New Orleans, McQueen characterizes the slaves as helpless victims, never suggesting the degree of agency over their lives that some historians have argued slaves achieved. In Soul by Soul , for instance, Walter Johnson shows the ways that slaves sometimes manipulated relationships in the marketplace, influencing potential buyers through facial expressions, body language, and responses to questions.

McQueen's movie gives a brief nod to Eugene D. Genovese's influential book Roll, Jordan, Roll Genovese argued that religion created an important survival mechanism for the slaves. Near the end of the film, Northup suffers emotional pain while members of the slave community sing the spiritual " Roll, Jordan, Roll. In the book and in the movie, Northup's first master is a kindly man, who treated Northup and his other slaves relatively well. Yet, rather than diminish Northup's hunger for freedom, Master Ford's generosity stoked it.


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Freeland the credit of being the best master I ever had, till I became my own master. Historians have long asked why so many slaveless whites, victims too of a political and economic system that favored slaveholders, defended the "peculiar institution. Northup believed southern whites acted with excessive aggression in their relationships with each other because they had long been in the habit of beating slaves.

Slavery fostered a culture of violence, a fact that historians have documented extensively.

12 Years A Slave Official Trailer #1 (2013) - Chiwetel Ejiofor Movie HD

Audiences may be curious about events that occurred after the film ends. Information about Northup's last years is incomplete. The date of Northup's death is not known. Samuel Bass, the Canadian carpenter who was instrumental in Northup's rescue, remained in Louisiana. He taught second grade and I taught high school. We each found different ways to bring African-American topics to our students. As a high school teacher, I had them read original stories, plays, biographies, novels by African-American authors.

Dennis, in order to entertain his young students who got very antsy at the end of day, would tell them stories about famous African Americans.

He went to the Northwestern University library to find these stories and found two shelves of books written by escaped slaves. The light went on in his writer's head: He wanted to write a [children's] book about slave escapes, one of which was Solomon Northup's. Fast-forward five or six years [after the book was published in ]: All of sudden there was a flurry of children's books based on the stories in his book.

We decided if other people are going to do this, why not us? Thus was born Stolen Into Slavery , as well as The Price of Freedom , our book, a picture book about a slave rescue. Were there things you left out of Stolen Into Slavery because you didn't think they were appropriate for young readers? We didn't leave much out. There was one review by a kid who said—and this was a year-old boy—that he thought the book was scary. The events in the book are scary.

Twelve Years a Slave

We weren't trying to soft-pedal at all. You include Northup's account, which isn't in the movie, of the year-old son of Edwin Epps, the cruel plantation owner, "playing the overseer" and lashing slaves with a whip. We're always focusing on what might interest our child reader. Patsey, a young woman, received the most abuse on Epps's plantation.

And you explain why: "Epps wanted Patsey to have sex with him, but she refused. I think that's the way to do it. You have to somehow put forth his motivation to explain the brutality. It's important that kids understand that if you brutalize people, you are going to create brutes. Given the serious subject matter, how old do you think kids should be before they read Stolen Into Slavery?