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Alcohol (ethanol or ethyl alcohol) is the ingredient found in beer, wine and spirits that causes drunkenness. Alcohol is formed when yeast ferments (breaks down without oxygen) the sugars in different food.
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Alcohol is a psychoactive substance with dependence-producing properties that has been widely used in many cultures for centuries.


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The harmful use of alcohol causes a large disease, social and economic burden in societies. The harmful use of alcohol can also result in harm to other people, such as family members, friends, co-workers and strangers.

Moreover, the harmful use of alcohol results in a significant health, social and economic burden on society at large. Alcohol consumption is a causal factor in more than disease and injury conditions. Drinking alcohol is associated with a risk of developing health problems such as mental and behavioural disorders, including alcohol dependence, major noncommunicable diseases such as liver cirrhosis, some cancers and cardiovascular diseases, as well as injuries resulting from violence and road clashes and collisions.

A significant proportion of the disease burden attributable to alcohol consumption arises from unintentional and intentional injuries, including those due to road traffic crashes, violence, and suicides, and fatal alcohol-related injuries tend to occur in relatively younger age groups. Alcohol consumption by an expectant mother may cause fetal alcohol syndrome and pre-term birth complications.

A variety of factors have been identified at the individual and the societal level, which affect the levels and patterns of alcohol consumption and the magnitude of alcohol-related problems in populations.

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Environmental factors include economic development, culture, availability of alcohol, and the comprehensiveness and levels of implementation and enforcement of alcohol policies. For a given level or pattern of drinking, vulnerabilities within a society are likely to have similar differential effects as those between societies. Although there is no single risk factor that is dominant, the more vulnerabilities a person has, the more likely the person is to develop alcohol-related problems as a result of alcohol consumption.

The impact of alcohol consumption on chronic and acute health outcomes in populations is largely determined by 2 separate but related dimensions of drinking:. The context of drinking plays an important role in occurrence of alcohol-related harm, particularly associated with health effects of alcohol intoxication, and, on rare occasions, also the quality of alcohol consumed. Alcohol consumption can have an impact not only on the incidence of diseases, injuries and other health conditions, but also on the course of disorders and their outcomes in individuals.

Alcohol - Healthy Living | NHS inform

There are gender differences in alcohol-related mortality andmorbidity, as well as levels and patterns of alcohol consumption. The percentage of alcohol-attributable deaths among men amount to 7. Total alcohol per capita consumption in among male and female drinkers worldwide was on average The health, safety and socioeconomic problems attributable to alcohol can be effectively reduced and requires actions on the levels, patterns and contexts of alcohol consumption and the wider social determinants of health. Countries have a responsibility for formulating, implementing, monitoring and evaluating public policies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol.

Substantial scientific knowledge exists for policy-makers on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the following strategies:.

Alcohol Use and Your Health

The harmful use of alcohol is one of the leading risk factors for population health worldwide and has a direct impact on many health-related targets of the Sustainable Development Goals SDGs , including those for maternal and child health, infectious diseases HIV, viral hepatitis, tuberculosis , noncommunicable diseases and mental health, injuries and poisonings. Sex and gender have been demonstrated to be important modulators of disease risk, prevalence, intensity, and response to treatment. In this Special Issue, read the latest research on sex and gender differences in alcohol use disorder.

Read the Special Issue. Explore the archive. Explore trending articles.

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