High Temperature Superconductors And Other Superfluids

Written by eminent researchers in the field, this text describes the theory of superconductivity and superfluidity starting from liquid helium and a.
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Effects such as film creep, the fountain effect and frictionless flow arise because the atoms in a single energy state are unaffected by other atoms. The lambda point represents a transition between disorder in which the atoms move about at random, and order in which the atoms move in a coordinated manner. Helium displays superfluidity because it remains in the liquid start at temperatures low enough for the atoms to form a single energy state.

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Superconducting effects A superconductor contains electrons that form a superfluid inside the superconductor. The property of superconductivity was discovered in when it was first observed that the electrical resistance of mercury disappears suddenly as the temperature is reduced below 4. Other elements as well as many alloys and compounds have been found to be superconducting at low temperatures. The temperature at which the resistance falls to zero is called the critical temperature T c. Until , the highest critical temperature was This was obtained with a compound of niobium and germanium.

The diagram shows how the resistivity of a superconductor varies near the metal's critical temperature. Another strange effect occurs if a small magnet is placed on a sample of the material above its critical temperature. If the temperature of the sample is then reduced below 1c, the magnet rises above the sample.

This happens because the magnetic field of the magnet was expelled from the sample when it became superconducting.

Evidence for high temperature superfluidity in cold 'fermion' gas

This exclusion of magnetic flux from a superconductor is called the Meissner effect. Superconductivity can be destroyed by an applied magnetic field. If a magnetic field is applied to a superconductor and increased from zero strength, the superconductivity is destroyed at certain field strength, called the critical field. High temperature superconductors In , scientists discovered a class of materials which exhibited superconductivity at 90 K, over 60 K higher than the existing record of More significantly, the critical temperature at 90 K is above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen which is far cheaper than liquid helium.

Since then, many teams of scientists in different countries have been trying to discover substances with higher critical temperatures and the current limit is now above 12 5 K. Any superconductor with a critical temperature above 77 K, the boiling point of liquid nitrogen, is referred to as a high temperature superconductor. An electromagnet with coils made of superconducting wires can create a very strong magnetic field because superconducting wires have zero resistance.

This enables a very large current to pass through the wires without any resistance heating. Superconducting power cables could transfer electrical power over vast distances without any heating effect in the cables.

However, too much current in a superconductor causes it to lose its superconductivity because of magnetic effects. The current density in a current-carrying wire is defined as the current per unit cross-sectional area. Frictionless bearings are possible because of magnetic levitation. This data will be updated every 24 hours. Get access Buy the print book. Check if you have access via personal or institutional login.

Log in Register Recommend to librarian. This book has been cited by the following publications. This list is generated based on data provided by CrossRef. Fulde-Ferrell state in a ferromagnetic chiral superconductor with magnetic domain walls. Physical Review B, Vol.

High Temperature Superconductors And Other Superfluids

Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, Vol. Path integral Monte Carlo simulation of global and local superfluidity in liquidHe4reservoirs separated by nanoscale apertures. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol.


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The Bardeen—Cooper—Schrieffer theory of superconductivity. European Journal of Physics, Vol. New Journal of Physics, Vol. Interaction of ballistic quasiparticles and vortex configurations in superfluidH3e-B. Physical Review A, Vol.

Cambridge University Press Online publication date: December Print publication year: Export citation Recommend to librarian Recommend this book. Tsuneto Translated by Mikio Nakahara. Please enter a valid email address Email already added.

Superconductors and Superfluids

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