La de los tristes destinos.Versión completa. (Spanish Edition)

Benito María de los Dolores Pérez Galdós (Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 10 de mayo de - Madrid, 4 de enero de ), conocido como Benito Pérez.
Table of contents

Over the following days, oil slicks appeared on many beaches in the wider area. After having been informed by the UN, the relevant departments of the Cypriot government immediately placed themselves on operational readiness, and the Cypriot government communicated with the Turkish Cypriot side to offer its assistance. The Turkish Cypriot side was reluctant and refused to accept assistance, in spite of the fact that — as later became clear — it was not ready to deal with the oil spill and failed to respond immediately to prevent the oil spreading and to remove it.

Does it agree that the construction of a fuel terminal in the Eptakomi region has serious environmental consequences for the wider area of Ammochostos Bay? Has the Turkish Cypriot side received European funding to set up a team for dealing with emergencies? If so, how has the funding been used? Does the Commission know whether there is a team in place that can deal with such problems? Budgetary policy is having a brutal impact on coherence and health policies, rather than contributing towards their rationalisation.

In Attica, five hospitals recently closed down in order to put their employees on a transfer status. Some patients with cancer and other serious illnesses are having to make large advance payments for treatment from their savings, and are then having to wait more than a year for their money to be reimbursed. What is the view of its representative in the troika with regard to this barbarous treatment of people in distress?

Has he held discussions with patients' organisations regarding the consequences of these policies for health? How will it safeguard the access of all Greek citizens to high quality health services,in accordance with the Multiannual Framework for Health? How will it ensure that the National Agency for the Provision of Health Services promptly reimburses the treatment costs prepaid by patients, so that they do not have to wait for more than one year? The Commission supports this wider reform programme by the Greek authorities.

The decisions regarding the delivery of healthcare fall under the responsibility of the Greek authorities as, according to the Treaty, the management of health services and medical care, and the allocation of the resources assigned to them is the responsibility of the Member States. The Commission will continue to monitor matters related to healthcare sector in future discussions with Greek authorities during the regular review missions under the Economic Adjustment Programme to Greece.

Has the Commission responded to this ruling? The Commission did not share the view that there was an instance of maladministration as found by the Ombudsman. It recalled that the European Schools were educational establishments governed jointly by the governments of the Member States of the European Union in the Board of Governors. In the Board, the Commission has only one vote, and all the Member States that are signatories to the convention have one vote each, therefore the Commission cannot be held the sole responsible for the decisions concerning the European Schools.

The Commission informed the Ombudsman that numerous initiatives had already been taken in order to improve the management of the European Schools System ESS , including a proposal for the European Schools to take part in the international OECD PISA study which would present a basis for comparison with the Member States' national education systems and evaluating the ESS according to the same criteria, and at the same time representing a cost efficient way of an external evaluation of the system.

Allegedly, one of the reasons for this was threats made by the Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan TTP group to kidnap or kill women who took part in these democratic elections. Similar threats were recently made by the TTP to women in parts of the Hangu district, ahead of the local elections there. In the run up to the elections, there was an escalation of violent attacks by extremists targeting particularly the secular political parties but also voters.

In spite of intimidation, the electoral process is generally regarded to have been the best so far in Pakistan. The EU has also given its commitment to assist Pakistan to combat terrorism. The EU is supporting projects to augment acces to education especially for girls, to improve law enforcement with the police and prosecution services, and has encouraged the authorities to reinforce cooperation activities in support of security and counter-terrorism.

Lastly, it appears that further clarifications have been requested in writing, including the volume of data collected, the scope of the programmes and the judicial oversight available to Europeans. Attorney General Holder provided clarifications and offered to provide further information at expert level. The working group has met three times, in July, September and November. Based on the information gathered, the Commission will report back to the European Parliament and the Council. Utilisation de cyanure dans les mines d'or en Roumanie. Rosia Montana et l'interdiction de l'utilisation du cyanure dans les mines.

Consequently, the project is being challenged by local people, who are particularly concerned about the environmental impact it could have. The Canadian company says that European environmental standards will be respected and that the project will create hundreds of jobs during the years of operation. Does the Commission therefore intend to strengthen its environmental policy against the environmental threat posed by cyanide use and to take the necessary action to address the risks affecting this area? Since then, life in the village has been punctuated by demonstrations in the village square, the arrival of European delegations inspecting the site and the adoption of contradictory laws by the government.

In , Parliament called on the Commission to introduce a total ban on the use of cyanide-based technology in the mining industry. Could the Commission say what progress has been made with regard to legislation banning the use of cyanide in mining? Gaspillage alimentaire en Europe et dans le monde.

Conseguenze economiche e ambientali dello spreco di prodotti alimentari. Oltre che a livello economico, questo fenomeno ha un impatto estremamente negativo sull'ambiente: Si evidenziano anche le conseguenze del cibo disperso sull'acqua: Le perdite e gli sprechi di cibo ancora commestibile e nutriente hanno conseguenze economiche ed ambientali. La Commissione sta analizzando, in stretta cooperazione con gli stakeholder, il modo per ridurre gli sprechi di alimenti senza compromettere la sicurezza alimentare e sta discutendo eventuali misure unionali per integrare le misure nazionali.

I risultati delle riunioni del gruppo di lavoro sono disponibili all'indirizzo:. La Commissione sta ora analizzando i risultati della consultazione. Worldwide food wastage on a massive scale poses a considerable risk to environmental protection and food security. In all, more than 1. In that resolution, the Members of the European Parliament called on the Commission to take meaningful action to address the threats posed by massive food wastage in Europe, focusing on efforts to educate against waste and efforts to ensure appropriate labelling and packaging. Could the Commission state what steps and legislative measures it has undertaken in response to the specific challenges of this major ecological problem of food wastage?

The total quantities wasted are 1. In addition to its economic consequences, this problem has an extremely negative impact on the environment. Food waste is the third biggest cause of greenhouse gas production, leading to the emission of 3. The report also highlights the impact of food wastage on water: The food industry will have difficulty sustaining this level of output.

Is the Commission aware of the economic and environmental harm caused by this problem? Does it intend to develop policies aimed at both at optimising production and reusing and recycling? Does it intend to organise educational and awareness-raising campaigns aimed at consumers? Losses and wastage of edible and nutritious food have economic and environmental consequences. The Commission is analysing, in close cooperation with stakeholders, how to reduce food waste without compromising food safety and is discussing possible EU measures to complement national measures.

The results of the working group meetings are available at http: The Commission is currently analysing the results of this consultation. Nowadays most travellers looking for a hotel go through an online booking agency such as Booking. These reservation agencies are considered more convenient because they identify a large number of hotels in every category in each city and offer rooms that the customers see as less expensive.

Financial considerations are therefore the main reason why our fellow citizens go through these booking centres. The hotel listings published by these agencies are not comprehensive. These online booking centres are accused by hotel and restaurant owners of exerting a kind of pressure and market dominance, in particular because of the principle known as rate parity.

This means that a hotelier who wants to run a last-minute promotion on his site must first inform the other sites that market his hotel so that they can all display the same prices. As these practices may constitute a barrier to the rules on competition, they are not allowed in Germany, but they are still permitted in France, for example. The European Union aims to facilitate the free movement of people on its territory.

Promoting tourism in this way means that our fellow citizens should be able to find accommodation easily when travelling.

EUR-Lex Rochtain ar dhlí an Aontais Eorpaigh

However, the pressure put on prices by these online booking agencies in some Member States can prove detrimental to our hoteliers and to their customers. Does the Commission intend to take steps to ensure that the rules on competition are properly applied in the hotel industry in its Member States? Does the Commission intend to harmonise the rules that apply to online hotel booking agencies in the European Union? The Commission has currently no pending competition investigation in relation to online booking of hotels.

However, some competition authorities of the Member States, which are competent to apply both EU competition rules and national competition rules, are currently investigating practices such as the one referred to by the Honourable Member. Within the network of European Competition authorities, the Commission is informed of these cases and is discussing them with the national competition authorities in order to safeguard the consistent and effective application of EU competition rules in these markets.

The Commission has no intention to harmonise the rules that would apply specifically to online hotel booking agencies in the Union. According to the study in question, Eurobarometer is not an instrument that is designed to analyse results on a regional scale.

Does the Commission plan to conduct a new, comprehensive regional-level study to be integrated into a genuinely national analysis? This includes, among others, questions on whether citizens feel their voice counts in the European Union and in their country. The Commission also conducts studies that look into the same types of questions in more detail at a regional level. The Commission is planning to carry out similar regional surveys in the future. Seither sind bei meinen Dienststellen aus vielen Mitgliedstaaten und von Interessengruppen Informationen und Daten zu diesem Punkt eingegangen.

How does the Commission justify the retention of the current threshold until , as provided for in its draft? In view of the economic developments since , would it be appropriate to raise the threshold? Is the Commission taking sufficient account in its revision of the fact that SMEs in Europe do usually have a low capital buffer, and, according to experts, this would result in at least half of all its SMEs dropping out of the aid scheme?

How does the Commission justify the creation of a national central de minimis register and the associated considerable financial commitment and amount of red tape that would result, in particular for Member States with a federal structure? The review of the de minimis Regulation is being carried out in a transparent way in which all comments are carefully considered and no final decisions have been taken yet. It is certainly the Commission's intention to ensure that the de minimis instrument will provide a simple and flexible tool to support in particular SMEs.

Concerning the ceiling, the Commission has received no new element showing that a higher ceiling would be justified. The data received from Member States MS show that the average amount of de minimis aid granted is quite low and in the vast majority of cases the ceiling is not exhausted. The real inflation for this period was lower than predicted in and it is not expected to be very significant in the coming years. The proposed definition of undertakings in difficulty was based on the available data. My services have since received information and data from many MS and other stakeholders on this point.

All comments are being considered with great care before any decision is taken on whether and how to amend the text. The Commission is also on the point of launching a public consultation on the revision of the guidelines for rescue and restructuring aid to firms in difficulty. Concerning the introduction of a mandatory register, the Commission has listened carefully to all comments and will take these into consideration to find a balanced solution able to ensure that the de minimis reform fits with the State Aid Modernisation objectives and does not create a disproportionate administrative burden.

Die zentrale Bedeutung dieser grundlegenden Werte wurde von den 28 Mitgliedstaaten in den Schlussfolgerungen des Rates vom Although the constitution was ratified by The EU continues to stress its value-based approach towards Egypt. The High Representative stressed this approach in various statements and in particular with her interlocutors when travelling to the region.

The Constitution will be the basis for a democratic Egypt and therefore should reflect the full respect of division of powers with the necessary checks and balances. The EU continues to call on Egypt to rapidly move to an inclusive transformation process. The EU also continues to stress that confrontation and polarization are not a solution. Reconciliation and dialogue are paramount. These messages had already been passed to the Morsi government. According to a recently published UN report, nearly one quarter of men surveyed — in a wide variety of locations in six Asia-Pacific countries — admitted to raping a woman, often their own partner.

The majority had not faced any legal consequences for their actions. What further actions does the Commission intend to take in order to prevent and put an end to this alarming issue, so as to change the traditional perceptions and culture prevalent among men and to bring aggressors to trial for committing rape crimes? Please outline specific actions that have already been taken. The EU Plan of Action on Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment in Development contains commitments for all EU actors in terms of supporting developing countries' efforts to improve the situation of women.

EU projects have been developed in order to prevent violence; protect and support victims; prosecute perpetrators. Humanitarian aid projects often include assistance to survivors of GBV. Women's issues are also mainstreamed into the EU's development cooperation activities: In the case of Papua New Guinea, combatting violence against women is at the top of EU supported actions. The recent Human Rights Dialogue with China offered the opportunity to raise the impact of the one-child policy, domestic violence and violence against sex workers.

According to newspaper reports, British holidaymakers in need of emergency treatment at Spanish accident and emergency units are being greeted by chip-and-pin machines, as hospitals force them to provide upfront payment details before care is given. However it has been reported that medical treatment is being refused unless payments are made first.

Can the Commission please clarify exactly what holiday makers are entitled to when travelling within Europe and using the EHIC, and whether payment before treatment particularly for serious injuries is considered acceptable? Can the Commission comment on the status of infringement proceedings initiated against Spain? EHIC holders should receive in the Member State of stay the same treatment procedures and tariffs as persons insured in that state.

The PRC also proves that the holder is an insured person. Where holidaymakers seeking healthcare in the public system in Spain have no EHIC or PRC to prove they are insured persons, they can be treated in the same way as Spanish nationals who are not affiliated to the Spanish social security system, namely, they can be required to pay. Such reimbursement is made in accordance with the conditions and tariffs in the state of stay. Does the Commission expect to have to initiate further infringement proceedings before the end of the year? The length of the interim period has not been fixed.

Ontwikkelingshulp vanuit EU begroting aan boevennest Somalie. Verder stelde Amnesty International: In dat kader de volgende vraag:. Heeft de Commissie volledig haar verstand verloren?

Graag een uitgebreide toelichting. De EU zal blijven werken om ervoor te zorgen dat deze steun volledig coherent is met andere internationale donoren en overeenkomstig de Somalische behoeften. De EU-steun wordt niet rechtstreeks gericht aan de centrale en lokale overheden, maar de activiteiten worden uitgevoerd door organisaties uit het Europees maatschappelijk middenveld, internationale organisaties of uit agentschappen van de lidstaten op basis van duidelijke en transparante procedures en systemen.

Amnesty International has also stated: A lower ranking would not be possible, as only countries are listed. How is it possible that the Commission, plainly failing to display an ounce of common sense, can transfer so much money from hardworking Dutch taxpayers to the den of thieves that is Somalia, which is administered in a totally unreliable manner and is extremely corrupt?

Has the Commission completely taken leave of its senses? Please account for this in detail. EU support has made a substantial difference in Somalia, where since we have seen a government elected for the first time, Al-Shabaab influence seriously diminished and successful piracy attacks brought back down to negligible levels. The EU will continue to ensure that this support is fully coherent with other international donors and in line with Somali needs.

EU support is not provided directly to the Central and Local authorities but the activities are implemented by European Civil Society Organisations, International Organisations or Member States agencies on the basis of clear and transparent procedures and systems. Izmjena stupa na snagu do 1. Even if the sanctions being considered only affect funds for preparations to join the Schengen zone, imposing such sanctions could condemn Croatia to remain outside the zone for the foreseeable future.

I therefore urge you to take the growing euroscepticism and mistrust towards the European institutions felt by EU citizens, including Croatians, into account. Bear in mind that it is the people of Croatia who will suffer most as a result of the irrational decisions taken by their government. The Croatian people must be allowed to punish their government's irresponsibility in the only appropriate way — in democratic elections. This is of particular importance in this election year. Vice-President Reding has welcomed the steps taken by the Republic of Croatia to ensure that criminals are brought to justice and has noted that the swift, effective and unconditional alignment of the law implementing the European arrest warrant in line with the acquis communautaire will allow for all requests for the surrender of suspected and convicted criminals to be dealt within the European arrest warrant system irrespective of the date of commission of the crime.

Sottrazione internazionale di minori — Applicazione della normativa europea ed internazionale in Slovacchia. I casi di sottrazione transfrontaliera di minori da parte di uno dei genitori all'interno dell'Unione europea sono disciplinati dal regolamento CE n. Per quanto riguarda l'esecuzione, il regolamento permette che le decisioni emanate in uno Stato membro siano eseguite in un altro, in linea con le norme e le procedure nazionali.

La Commissione controlla in vari modi l'applicazione del regolamento da parte degli Stati membri. The European Parliament Mediator for International Parental Child Abductions is increasingly receiving requests from parents, of various nationalities, relating to cases of child abduction or detention in Slovakia. The regulation provides for an expeditious uniform procedure whereby the left-behind parent can obtain the return of a child who has been wrongfully removed or retained.

As regards enforcement, it renders judgments issued in one Member State capable of execution in another, in line with national rules and procedures. Additionally, the Commission works together with the Slovak central authorities designated under the regulation to assist in its application and discusses proper operation of the instrument within the framework of European Judicial Network in Civil and Commercial Matters. Furthermore, the Commission has launched a review of the regulation and will adopt a report on how it has been applied in practice.

Richiesta di misure di sostegno nei confronti di 1. In , it was the leading steel company in Italy, the fourth largest in Europe and the twenty-third largest in the world. The Commission is not in a position to assess the facts referred to by the Honourable Member or state whether a private company has complied with national provisions implementing EU directives. It is for the competent national authorities, including the courts, to ensure that the national legislation transposing EU Directives is correctly and effectively applied by the employer concerned, having regard to the specific circumstances of the case.

As such, it does not provide emergency support to workers such as those employed by Gruppo Riva. However, the workers concerned may benefit from the activities co-financed by the ESF and, if the necessary conditions are met, from the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund. Of meent de EC dat dit element geen deel uitmaakt van een coherent Europees drugsbeleid? De lidstaten mogen dus zelf beslissen hoe zij omgaan met de zogenaamde coffeeshops.

Or does the Commission believe that this aspect is not part of a coherent European drugs policy? Tan solo nueve de las veintiuna propuestas presentadas fueron admitidas en la convocatoria. Only nine of the 21 proposals submitted in this call were granted. Does it not think that the attitude of the Spanish Government is undermining the legal security of Catalan citizens? Does it not think that the attitude of the Spanish Government is affecting the competitiveness of Catalan researchers?

In this context, the Commission is not in a position to interfere with eligibility and funding rules established at national or regional level. Has the Commission received a response from the Spanish authorities? If so, is the Commission satisfied with this response?


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Freies Unternehmertum ist eines der Kernelemente der EU. Private Spielhallen und staatliche Spielbanken werden dort unterschiedlich behandelt.

Beabsichtigt sie, gegebenenfalls dagegen vorzugehen? The new German State Treaty on Gambling contradicts these fundamental principles: This forces more than half of the privately run casinos out of business, and thus violates their right to property and freedom to conduct a business.

The State Treaty on Gambling also makes it more difficult for European casino operators to establish themselves in Germany, which constitutes a serious restriction of the right to conduct a business, the right of establishment and the freedom to provide services. Does this regulatory framework in Germany discriminate against European undertakings?

How does the Directorate General for Enterprise and Industry view this situation? Does it intend to take action to tackle this, where appropriate? The Commission would like to recall that it is for the Member States, in accordance with the relevant case-law of the CJEU, to determine the organisation and control of the gambling offer and how gambling is carried out. However, authorities granting betting and gaming licences have a duty to comply with the fundamental rules of the Treaties, the principles of equal treatment and of non-discrimination on grounds of nationality and the consequent obligation of transparency.

The Commission follows closely the implementation process, in a dialogue with the German authorities, in order to ensure compliance with EU rules. This includes regulation of land-based casinos and gambling halls. However, these services are only partly regulated in the State Treaty and mainly in specific legislation at federal and regional level; partly also under review.

The Commission will equally ensure that these laws comply with EU rules. This procedure, a preventive control mechanism, allows the Commission and the authorities of Member States to enter into a dialogue that aims to ensure the compliance of notified draft technical rules with Internal Market law, as construed by the Court of Justice. Moreover, the Commission might consider further action if the assessment of the specific legislation adopted at federal and regional level in Germany lead to the conclusion that it unduly restricts the free movement of goods laid down in Art.

Die Beantragung eines Reisepasses dauert derzeit mindestens drei Monate, die Beantragung anderer Unterlagen wie Geburtsurkunden oder Heiratsurkunden mehrere Monate. Es handelt sich hierbei um reale Folgen aus der Troika-Politik. Diese Situation war eindeutig nicht tragbar und erforderte ehrgeizige Reformanstrengungen. The process of applying for a passport currently takes at least three months, and requests for other documents, such as birth or marriage certificates, also take several months. It is currently impossible to reach the staff of the Consulate General by telephone. These delays have a considerable detrimental impact on the day-to-day lives of Greek migrants.

Several talks with representatives of the Greek Consulate have failed to result in any improvements. The employees stated that, on account of the austerity measures taken by the Greek Government, they are barely able to cope with the work that comes in. These are the real-life consequences of the Troika policy. Is it aware of these sorts of consequences of the rigid austerity policy in the crisis-stricken EU Member States? In its opinion, how can the essential services for Greek citizens be maintained despite the austerity measures?

Is it considering taking measures in order to maintain essential services for EU citizens despite the austerity measures? The highly inefficient public sector prior to the crisis was a burden for the country's public finances and competitiveness and failed to provide adequate public services. This was clearly unsustainable and required ambitious reform efforts. While a significant downsizing of the public administration was unavoidable as the country could not afford its oversized public sector, the Commission would like to highlight that reform efforts are much more comprehensive and ambitious than a simple reduction of staff.

In the context of the programme, measures are being taken to modernise the public sector and its procedures, reducing administrative burden and increasing the quality of public sector services. Close attention is being paid in particular to ensuring that better civil servants are hired, that their performance is properly evaluated, and that they are available where they are really needed, with the aim to not only maintain but actually improve the quality of services to Greek citizens.

The use of photovoltaic systems for electricity production in Cyprus has come up against considerable difficulties for various administrative and purely financial reasons. Although the long hours of sunshine in Cyprus provide the conditions needed for promoting green energy, this programme does not appear to be making satisfactory progress.

Does the Commission think, within the context of EU energy policy, that the installation of photovoltaic systems on a broad scale would be a positive and welcome move? Can the Commission provide the technical and financial assistance needed in order to install net metering systems in households and businesses? Given the prevailing economic situation in Cyprus, can the Commission tell me if there are special European programmes and funds which Cypriot households and businesses could take advantage of in order to install photovoltaic systems for electricity production and net metering systems?

IMPERIOS Y COLONIALISMO, ¿UNA ERA DE GLOBALIZACIÓN, GEOPOLÍTICA O NACIONALISMO ECONÓMICO?

The Commission strongly supports the development of renewable energy sources. In , the share of renewable energy consumption in Cyprus was 5. This shows that Cyprus is currently on track to meet its target. The implementation of the directive including the choice of renewable energy technologies and the design of support schemes, however, is the responsibility of the Member States. Parliament has only been given an executive summary of the impact assessment, but has not been provided with a full impact assessment. If so, why was it not transmitted to Parliament? The full impact assessment is also available on Eur-Lex http: Can the Commission provide me with statistics indicating the impact on insurance premiums following the European Court of Justice ruling in the Test-Achat case, as well as details of how the implementation of this ruling has been monitored?

Can the Commission also confirm whether there is evidence of any inadvertent discrimination as a result of the ruling? This report will include as one of its integral elements an analysis of the implementation of the Test-Achats ruling in national law and in insurance practice.

The Commission is currently gathering the necessary information to monitor the implementation of the ruling by the Member States and is at this stage not aware of any inadvertent discrimination as a result of the ruling. This survey could also include an analysis of the impact of the ruling on market practice by insurers. Correct, harmonised implementation of EU legislation is key to the proper functioning of the single market.

According to the Belgian security authorities, it is clear that the NSA was involved in the case, although the claim has not been formally proven. The Belgian Prime Minister, Elio Di Rupo, has said that if the allegations are confirmed, then this would indeed be a case of electronic espionage and the government would strongly condemn such interference in, and violation of, the functioning of a public telecommunications company. Is the Commission aware of this interference in, and breach of the privacy of, telephone conversations?

Each spring, thousands of migrant birds, including turtle doves, cross Malta on their way to breeding grounds in Europe. In Malta, although there are laws in place to govern when shooting can be carried out, a huge number of protected birds are believed to be illegally killed. One of the most common birds targeted by hunters is the turtle dove, a species on the verge of extinction in the UK.

Could the Commission confirm what, if any, action is planned to stop the shooting of turtle doves in Malta during their migration? Malta has over the past few years strengthened and improved the national regulatory framework relating to the spring hunting derogation. The relevant national regulations introduce a number of controls in relation to a spring hunting season, including bag limits and quotas, restrictions pertaining to time and places and a range of reporting requirements.

Nevertheless, the Commission is aware of concerns relating to the enforcement of spring hunting regulations, and therefore it is in regular contact with the Maltese authorities with a view to identifying further steps to improve effectiveness of the enforcement regime. The EU should support its own industry. It should be noted that European protection mechanisms are extremely liberal, and we should prevent any action or change in the law that would cause an imbalance which puts European businesses at a disadvantage. Many sectors, including the fertiliser industry, are at a disadvantage as they are struggling with rising prices for gas, carbonates, potassium and other raw materials.

Does the Commission support abandoning the idea of lowering customs duties? Importantly, lowest price must stop being the main criterion, so that tenders which are low-priced because what they cover is of a lower quality or because artificially low prices are being quoted can be eliminated. What action is the Commission taking or does it plan to take — and when — to ensure that the principle of equal treatment of entrepreneurs is adhered to and eliminate unfair dumping practices?

EU industry can bring a complaint and if there is sufficient evidence, the Commission is under a legal obligation to initiate an investigation if the relevant World Trade Organisation and EU legal requirements are met. It should also be recalled that the Commission launched an initiative to modernize its trade defence instruments.

This initiative would significantly strengthen the effectiveness of the trade defence instruments to address unfair competition as a result of dumping and subsidisation of exports. As part of this modernisation exercise, the Commission also intends to help small and medium-sized enterprises SMEs have recourse to trade defence instruments, and therefore protect themselves against unfair competition. The legislative proposal is currently before Parliament and the Council. The European Council on Refugees and Exiles has published a report on practices in the areas of receiving immigrants and granting asylum in 14 EU Member States.

The differences mainly concern procedural matters, guarantees for asylum-seekers, access to accommodation and employment, and the rules on holding people in closed detention centres. A priority issue is ensuring that migrants have access to free legal assistance and attorneys during the asylum process. Sadly, such services are constantly being reduced in the Member States studied. Moreover, in some Member States e. Poland and the United Kingdom there are no legal provisions giving asylum-seekers an appropriate time frame in which to prepare an appeal against a negative decision.

This right, therefore, is not respected in practice. In some countries, asylum-seekers who have been refused refugee status or another form of assistance are deprived of the possibility of appealing against the court's decision. This practice, which strikes at the heart of the rights of citizens and guests in Europe, cannot be permitted to occur in European countries.

Does the Commission see scope for harmonising EU Member States' laws on the granting of international protection? What is the Commission's position on establishing a common EU instance for appeals against negative decisions on the granting of asylum? Accordingly, the Commission currently has no plans for proposing further harmonisation. Currently, the Commission has no plans to propose the establishment of an Ombudsman for non-EU nationals, or to consider making such a proposal. Wenn nicht, warum nicht?

Services on Demand

The Romanian Constitutional Court already withdrew a similar law in , as it was considered to be in conflict with the Romanian Constitution. If not, why not? What measures can the Commission take and effectively implement in order to ensure that Romania abides by the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union? Which of the aforementioned measures will the Commission take in order to ensure that Romania abides by the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union as well as its own constitution?

The Commission is fully aware of this and other similar events that are the result of the persistent problematic presence of stray dogs in some areas of several Member States. However, the control of these animals is not governed by EU rules and remains under the sole responsibility of the Member States.

Access Check

The Commission is thus not entitled to request any action to the Romanian authorities on this issue. It is important, however, to recall that the World Organisation for Animal Health OIE has adopted international standards on stray dog population control, highlighting the important role of the local government agencies for the enforcement of legislation relating to dog ownership and indicating the bodies responsible for developing and implementing appropriate training to regulate dog capture, transport, and holding as well as minimum housing and care criteria.

These standards also insist on the need to use parallel approaches for controlling stray dog population and consider that killing should be carried out in a humane way when necessary, and it is not a sustainable strategy if performed alone. However, it is up to Romania, as member of the OIE, to consider how it might most appropriately use these international guidelines in its national context. If so, what are they?

Moldova is working closely with Romania to define common priorities on gas and electricity interconnection projects which will improve the security of supply in Moldova. The Commission is supporting these projects both politically and financially and is actively involved in facilitating implementation of the prioritised projects by organising technical meetings with Moldova, Romania, EBRD and EIB.

The Commission and the Energy Community Secretariat are supporting Moldova in implementing the third energy market package and restructuring the gas sector of the country. As part of its obligations in the Energy Community, Moldova is currently finalising a statement for the national strategy on security of supply in order to be better prepared in the event of an energy crisis situation. The security of supply situtation for both gas and electricity can also be improved in the mid- and long-term by the development of investment projects and by allowing reverse gas flows.


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Uso dei fondi europei per la riconversione dell'ex zuccherificio di Finale Emilia. A partire dal gli interventi a favore di ex produttori di barbabietole da zucchero in Emilia Romagna erano autorizzati per altre misure del PSR, in quanto le risorse per gli aiuti alla ristrutturazione ai sensi del regolamento CE n.

La Commissione verifica la corretta attuazione della normativa europea da parte degli Stati membri, attraverso verifiche periodiche e, se necessario, adotta i provvedimenti opportuni. In granting the funds, were the rules governing the Region's rural development programme breached, and if so, will the funding have to be repaid? Within the framework of this sugar restructuring Member States had full responsibility for the granting and implementation of the projects within their territory:.

The Commission verifies the correct implementation of European law by Member States through regular audits and will, if necessary, take appropriate actions. Many barriers stem from the poor integration of the services directive with other EU and national legislation. At the same time, infringement cases for breaches of internal market rules often take a long time.

The EU cannot afford to miss any opportunity to create jobs. With this in mind, how does the Commission intend, in dialogue with the Member States, to ensure that full responsibility is taken to enforce in a comprehensive, correct and coherent manner existing internal market rules? How will the zero-tolerance policy be applied in practice? Does the Commission foresee the establishment of fast-track procedures that would speed up the processing of infringement cases?

Following a horizontal study on the implementation of the Services Directive that covered all of the Member States, the Commission has launched, on its own initiative, nearly 40 investigations in order to identify any possible violations of the unequivocal obligations set out in the Services Directive.

Furthermore, the Commission is also conducting investigations triggered by complaints, some of which concern the economic needs test. The Commission pursues cases infringing these obligations as a matter of priority. In less than one year, all the own-initiative cases have been treated. As a result, 31cases 13 of which have been solved have led to the opening of a structured dialogue with the Member State concerned and 2 formal infringement procedures have been initiated.

The report alleges that thousands of children, some as young as eight years of age, are working in Tanzanian gold mines, whilst also mentioning the inherently dangerous working conditions. A number of hazards are identified in the report, the most serious of which include the risk of mercury poisoning, unstable working conditions in underground mining pits liable to collapse, and the prevalence of long shifts lasting up to 24 hours.

The levels of poverty existing in Tanzania mean that there is an economic imperative for young children, in particular orphans, to seek work. Whilst these obligations are very real, the long-term consequences for the future of these children can be serious. Girls often face sexual harassment and are at risk of contracting diseases such as HIV. Exposure to mercury, not uncommon as part of the mining process, is also a serious problem, causing life-long disabilities for those exposed.

Nevertheless, Healthcare Research Worldwide states that Tanzania must do more in order to implement the provisions of the convention by monitoring the issue of child labour. Are EU officials in Tanzania, and in the wider region, taking steps to prevent children being drawn into the gold mining industry? If so, what steps are being taken? The EU welcomes the signature of the Minamata Convention by Tanzania and will use all upcoming high level discussions to address issues of implementation.

The EU Heads of Mission have also recently made a field trip to mining areas in North Tanzania where the matter was raised with senior authorities and other stakeholders. Il gruppo di ribelli ha preso il controllo della capitale Bangui e molti abitanti del paese denunciano la mancanza di uno Stato di diritto o di sicurezza. Secondo il giornale britannico The Economist , molti funzionari statali se ne sono anche andati in quanto non pagati per mesi.

Quali sono le misure che l'UE sta attualmente adottando al fine di affrontare la crescente crisi umanitaria nel paese? Ritengono i funzionari dell'UE che la Repubblica centrafricana possa diventare un punto nodale della militanza islamica? Amos durante la settimana dell'assemblea generale dell'ONU. According to UK newspaper The Economist , many civil servants have also fled as they have not been paid in months.

President Bozize was supposed to have been protected by the Mission for the Consolidation of Peace in the Central African Republic, which comprises troops from the states making up the Economic Community of Central African States. Observers claim, however, that they have proved ineffective.

Many believe that this is unlikely, however, as the rebels have destroyed electoral registration records. The article in The Economist states that the fear of instability in the CAR could spread to surrounding countries and lead to the country becoming a safe haven for Islamist militants. The whole population is affected by the complete breakdown of law and order, causing an ongoing humanitarian crisis and leading to widespread human rights violations. It is essential for the international community to act swiftly. Fabius — her second visit in three months. The Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan is home to the ninth highest peak in the world and is therefore a favourite among international trekkers.

Last month Taliban militants shot dead three security officials who were investigating the recent killing of a foreign trekker in the region. Whilst the European External Action Service EEAS does not have the power to issue travel alerts, is it advising Member States of the current tensions and risks to European travellers who are considering travelling to the region?

The EU Delegation in Islamabad supports the coordination among Member States' missions on issues relating to advice to EU citizens and individual Member States are encouraged to share changes to travel advice. Nonetheless it remains the sole authority of the respective Member States' MFA's to issue travel alerts to their citizens. The EU also conveyed its concerns regarding the safety and security of foreigners in Pakistan and discussed intended measures to be taken by the Government.

By way of a reminder, the Commission was ordered by the European Court of Justice ECJ to reverse its refusal to authorise Orphacol, an orphan drug used to treat a rare fatal liver condition. This marks the end of a bureaucratic nightmare for CTRS, a small French laboratory that markets Orphacol in France and which the Commission has victimised for four years on the basis of flimsy legal arguments that the ECJ has now comprehensively refuted.

This campaign was probably carried out at the behest of an American laboratory, Asklepion Pharmaceuticals, that wished to take over the market. This is a first; up until now the Commission, which has no scientific expertise of its own, has always blindly followed the opinion of the European Medicines Agency in London. The fact that there is no other drug on the market that can treat the potentially rapidly fatal liver conditions in question is not in doubt. The Commission has been given an important role in the authorisation of medicines in the European Union.

The Commission does not follow blindly the opinions of the European Medicines Agency and over the past three years the Commission services have requested the Agency to clarify certain aspects of its opinions on marketing authorisations in over 50 cases. Does the Commission support new measures to penalise pay gaps and effectively reduce them? Instead, the Commission's priority in this area is to monitor the correct application and enforcement of the existing legal framework on equal pay at the national level.

This includes the question whether Member States are applying the appropriate sanctions as required by the directive. It remains to be seen what each of them is prepared to concede. What consequences would there be for Catalonia at EU level if it were to declare independence?


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It is not the Commission's role to express a position on questions of internal organisation related to the constitutional arrangements of a particular Member State. The EU is founded on the Treaties which apply only to the Member States who have agreed and ratified them. If part of the territory of a Member State would cease to be part of that state because it would become a new independent state, the Treaties would no longer apply to that territory. If the application is accepted by the Council acting unanimously, an agreement is then negotiated between the applicant state and the Member States on the conditions of admission and the adjustments to the Treaties which such admission entails.

This agreement is subject to ratification by all Member States and the applicant state. Does the Commission believe that this will have a negative impact on the implementation of the Nitrates Directive and the fight against green algae? To reach its objectives, the directive requires Member States to establish Action Programs, which should include, among other measures, specific provisions on manure storage and management.

The Commission considers that any intensification on livestock production should take full account of the risks these activities pose to waters. If necessary, appropriate reinforced measures in the Action Programs should be taken to ensure that they remain in line with the Nitrates Directive objectives. Reinforced Action Programs are crucial in areas where water quality is already degraded due, for instance, to eutrophication. These activities have to be operated in accordance with a permit requiring the application of the best available techniques BAT to prevent or, where that is not possible, to minimise pollution and emissions to the environment.

La Commission rejoint-elle notre avis selon lequel l'Europe ne peut accepter d'avoir sur internet les extensions ". The only candidates for these two domain names are foreign companies which have no association with wine, and the French winegrowing sector is concerned that its precious designations of origin will be affected by the commercial use of these extensions by speculators flying in the face of European legislation.

What does the Commission intend to do in order to provide protection for holders of geographical indications and consumers? The Commission is actively following the evolution of the negotiations with the applicants in order to reach a satisfactory solution, before ICANN can take the decision to delegate the two strings to the applicants. According to the European Committee of Social Rights, in order to comply with the European Social Charter and the Revised European Social Charter, Member States must ban all forms of corporal punishment and any other forms of degrading punishment or treatment of children.

Can the Commission explain why five Member States still do not meet these requirements as they have not banned all forms of corporal punishment? What is the Commission doing to promote the ban and to eliminate corporal punishment of children wherever they live? Therefore, the Commission has no competence regarding the compliance of Member States with their obligations under these instruments. Considering the absence of competence of the Commission, it is for the Member States concerned to respond to specific questions relating to a violation of the European Social Charter.

Moreover, with the Daphne Programmes the Commission has funded numerous successful projects aimed at promoting the protection of children from all forms of violence. However, the remit of these programmes is limited to supporting, inter alia , transnational projects and NGOs in studying violence, raising awareness, facilitating networking and developing support programmes for victims.

Google has now offered improvements to its commitments. La Commission compte-t-elle auditionner ces entreprises? According to the Financial Times , the Netherlands, Ireland and Luxembourg have tax agreements which they negotiate on a case-by-case basis to attract multinationals to their shores. What does the Commission have to say about this? Will the Commission therefore conduct a formal investigation if it is confirmed that these regimes constitute preferential treatment, or even official support, in breach of European rules on state aid, as seems to be the case?

In this context, in the absence of legislation prohibiting such regimes, what instruments can the Commission use? This action is aimed at companies including Apple, Starbucks and Google once again , which manage to minimise their tax liabilities in Europe, while still making healthy profits. Does the Commission plan to hold hearings with these companies? Is it not obvious that these multinationals are trying to avoid paying tax throughout the world, including in developing countries?

The Commission generally does not comment on allegations on the infringement of state aid rules in the press. The Commission has procedures to investigate infringement of state aid rules. There is currently no formal investigation into any case of tax rulings. In particular, Member States must not introduce or maintain legislation which entails state aid or discrimination that is contrary to the fundamental freedoms. Tax rulings issued by tax administrations do not per se constitute state aid, unless they provide for a selective advantage to certain companies. The state aid procedure is a bilateral procedure between the Commission and the Member State concerned.

No hearings of individual companies are provided for in this procedure; interested parties are however invited to make comments. Does the Commissioner understand that this regulation runs counter to a truly free Internet? Does the Commission accept that, in respect for the rights of Internet users, this section of the text should be replaced by measures ensuring the real and unconditional application of net neutrality in order to defend the general interest?

Volume-linked prices are common in most industries and ensure that consumers with low consumption do not cross-subsidise heavy users. In order to foster innovation, the proposal allows content and application providers to conclude agreements on enhanced quality which are necessary for the provision of specialised services such as IPTV, eHealth applications, business-critical cloud computing to end-users.

The proposal makes clear that such specialised services cannot be a substitute for the Internet. In addition, as specialised services must not impair the general quality of the Internet, they typically require additional investments in networks that will be beneficial to the online ecosystem as a whole, including the open Internet.

The proposal requires national regulators to have far-reaching monitoring obligations and confers on them powers to impose minimum quality of service requirements in order to prevent impairment of the general quality of the Internet. The proposal foresees that Internet quality should evolve with technological progress. The proposal centres around a list of invasive alien species of Union concern, which will be drawn up with the Member States using risk assessments and scientific evidence.

When will the Commission submit this to Parliament and when does it expect to see this implementing regulation? Member States would also be invited to submit to the Commission requests for the inclusion of species on the list of IAS of Union concern, according to the same criteria. The Commission would establish and update the list by means of implementing acts.

The Commission plans to propose the first implementing act within a year after the entry into force of the legislation. The conclusions of the study are damning for the UEFA rule. Amongst other items, the study explains that:. Consequently, there is no evidence of the proportionate balance between the need for this rule and the threat that it poses to the free movement of workers. Does it believe that UEFA is failing to reach its objectives? These rules have also been put in place in several European national championships. El documento se divide en cuatro secciones: Guyana y Brasil o la misma Argentina.

Esto es lo suficientemente obvio cuando los gobiernos son alterados bajo las condiciones constitucionales Pienso en esas estrellas que uno ve en lo alto a la noche, esos vastos mundos que nunca podamos alcanzar. Me pone triste verlos tan claros y sin embargo tan lejos. El crecimiento de a fue superior al 1. Reino Unido con un Inglaterra ya no gestionaba las relaciones con territorios africanos bajo el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores sino bajo el Ministerio de Colonias.

Es acertadamente el padre del mercado de bonos Los imperios y los procesos coloniales durante la era de a , se gestaron por el agotamiento de dos equilibrios. Money and power in the modern world. A financial history of the world. The world's banker, The Economic History Review, Vol.