Medienkompetenz von Studierenden an chinesischen Hochschulen (German Edition)

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To determine the usefulness of contrast-enhanced MR angiography for the diagnosis of Leriche's syndrome. Leriche's syndrome was seen in 7 patients via DSA. In [dition, contrast-enhanced MR angiography was performed T R 7. Diagnosis of Leriche's syndrome was possible by contrast-enhanced MR angiography in each case. Visualisation of the femoral arteries was not possible in two patients by intraarterial DSA, in three other patients there was an insufficient contrast in the femoral arteries with DSA.

Contrast-enhanced MR angiography revealed good visualisation of the femoral arteries in these patients. In [dition, contrast-enhanced MR angiography allowed complete visualisation of the patent lower limb arteries. In intraarterial DSA visualisation of the lower limb arteries was achieved reached in only one patient, but was incomplete. Contrast-enhanced MR angiography yielded the correct diagnosis of Leriche's syndrome in all 7 patients. Contrast-enhanced MR angiography was superior to DSA in the assessment of the distal run-off vessels in five of seven patients. Value of MR-angiography in brain infarction.

Pirronello, Veronica; Capizzano, Aristides A. A retrospective study has been performed in a series of patients, with brain and neck MR and MR angiography techniques. Diffusion and perfusion techniques can significantly contribute to study acute stroke. MR angiography of the TMJ in asymptomatic volunteers. To evaluate the vascular anatomy of the temporomandibular joint TMJ and surrounding soft tissue non-invasively, we applied magnetic resonance MR angiography for delineating the arterial architecture around the TMJ. These MR angiograms were compared with experimental angiograms of human TMJ autopsy specimens in order to identify each of the branches of the arteries on the MR angiograms.

This study enabled the depiction by MR angiography of arterial vessels around the TMJ region to some degree.

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In conclusion, MR angiography appears promising as a non-invasive tool to evaluate the vascular anatomy of the TMJ. Clinical application of pelvic MR angiography for gynecologic diseases. Magnetic resonance MR imaging is the second most important method next to the ultrasound for the diagnosis of gynecological disorders. MR angiography provides a new noninvasive method for evaluating vascular occlusive disease of the lower extremities and the branches of abdominal aorta.

To our knowledge, no determinant of efficacy of MR angiography and images of gynecological diseases have yet been made. Maximum intensity projection image was obtained from the data set by the three dimensional contrast enhanced MR angiography 3D-CE MRA with newly designed fat suppression method. MR angiogram reveals well visualization of lower abdominal aorta and its branches. Furthermore, uterine arteries were identified in Leiomyoma of the uterus showed an enhanced uterus in All cases of endometriosis demonstrated a homogeneous, high signal intensity being a specific finding.

In conclusion, maximum intensity projection image of pelvis showed a good visualization of the lower abdominal aorta and its branches. Uterine artery and, in a few cases, ovarian artery can be demonstrated on MR angiography. All cases of endometriosis showed a significant, high signal intensity. This technique is noninvasive and be a supplementary method for diagnosis and follow up of vasculature of gynecological disorders. Oblique saturation pulses were used to suppress the signals of the pulmonary artery and SVC, providing excellent selective MR aortograms.

Three dimensional extension of the aneurysm and its relation with cervical branches were easily assessed. It could be possible to replace invasive aortography by this technique. MR imaging and MR angiography in popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. Popliteal artery entrapment PAE syndrome is an uncommon congenital anomaly seen in young adults causing ischemic symptoms in the lower extremities. It is the result of various types of anomalous relationships between the popliteal artery and the neighboring muscular structures. Four cases with segmental occlusion and medial displacement of popliteal artery in digital subtraction angiography DSA examinations were diagnosed as PAE syndrome by MR imaging and MR angiography.

All of the cases showed various degrees of abnormal intercondylar insertion of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle. The MR images showed detailed anatomy of the region revealing the cause of the arterial entrapment. Subclassification of the cases were done and fat tissue filling the normal localization of the muscle was evaluated. The DSA and MRA images demonstrated the length and localization of the occluded segment and collateral vascular developments equally. It is concluded that angiographic evaluation alone in PAE syndrome might result in overlooking the underlying cause of the arterial occlusion, which in turn leads to unsuccessful therapy procedures such as balloon angioplasty.

Magnetic resonance imaging combined with MR angiography demonstrates both the vascular anatomy and the variations in the muscular structures in the popliteal fossa successfully, and this combination seems to be the most effective way of evaluating young adults with ischemic symptoms suggesting PAE syndrome. Gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography of the thoracoabdominal aorta diseases. Gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography GEMRA of the thoracoabdominal aorta is a noninvasive technique that can rapidly delineate the branch vessels diseases, without flow or respiration artifacts, obtained with non contrast MRA.

The objective of this paper is to show the main clinical applications of GEMRA, compared to non contrast sequences. We have evaluated 30 patients with thorocoabdominal aorta diseases. In our experience, gadolinium-enhanced MRA is a high resolution and speedy technique with advantages over non contrast MRA. MR angiography of in situ and transplanted renal arteries. Of these, 12 had conventional angiography for comparison. Twenty-four MRAs of transplanted renal arteries were obtained in 20 patients; 8 of these had angiography as well.

MRA and angiography showed good agreement between findings in 7 of 8 patients with renal transplants. In one patient with a renal transplant, MRA showed a significant stenosis of the arterial anastomosis which appeared completely normal at i. DSA, indicating that findings at MRA still need to be confirmed by more established alternative methods. MRI and MR angiography of persistent trigeminal artery.

The different patterns of posterior communicating arteries were also noted. In four cases, the PTA arose from the lateral aspect of the intracavernous internal carotid artery, ran caudally, passing round the bottom of the dorsum sellae to join the basilar artery. In the other four cases, it arose from the medial aspect, ran caudally through the sella turcica and pierced the dorsum sellae to join the basilar artery. The posterior communicating arteries were present unilaterally in five cases and bilaterally in one, and absent bilaterally in two. Identification of a PTA with a trans-sellar course is crucial if a trans-sphenoidal surgery is planned.

Usefulness of MR angiography in cases of central vertigo. Syndromal vertigo is defined as a combination of vestibular function disturbance and cranial nerve or cerebral function disturbance. There is evidence that MR angiography MRA , providing angiogram-like images of the intracranial and extracranial arterial flow, could replace invasive methods for diagnosing central vertigo. The purpose of this study was to provide simplified MRA criteria for identifying morbidity and to analyze the relation between imaging findings and clinical manifestations.

Thirty-three individuals with symptoms of syndromal vertigo and vertebrobasilar territory disease were examined by equilibriometry, MR imaging MRI and MRA. A basilar artery BA deviation was found in eight cases Twenty-five VA or BA abnormalities We emphasize three points as follows. MRA is advantageous over conventional angiography for less invasive method. MRA can reveal abnormalities even in cases of 'solo-vertigo' with no observed neurologic abnormalities.

In our series, abnormalities were confirmed by MRA even in cases with no concomitant such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, or diabetes mellitus, which are regarded as latent risk factors for stroke. Phase-contrast MR angiography of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae.

MRI showed focal or diffuse signal abnormalities in the brain parenchyma in six patients, dilated cortical veins in seven, venous pouches in four with type IV DAVF and enlargement of the superior ophthalmic vein in three patients with DAVF of the cavernous sinus. However, it showed none of the fistula sites and did not allow reliable identification of feeding arteries. Stenosis or occlusion of the dural sinuses was detected in six of eight cases on 3D PC MRA with low velocity encoding.

To evaluate the prevalence of incidentally found unruptured intracranial aneurysms UIAs on the brain MR angiography MRA from a community-based general hospital. This was a prospectively collected retrospective study, carried out from January to December The subjects included persons from a community-based hospital in whom MRA was performed according to a standardized protocol in an outpatient setting.

Age- and sex-specific prevalence of UIAs was calculated. These findings should be anticipated in the design and use of neuroimaging in clinical practice. Maximum intensity projection MR angiography using shifted image data. The quality of MR angiograms has been significantly improved in past several years. Spatial resolution, however, is not sufficient for clinical use.

On the other hand, MR image data can be filled at anywhere using Fourier shift theorem, and the quality of multi-planar reformed image has been reported to be improved remarkably using 'shifted data'. In this paper, we have clarified the efficiency of 'shifted data' for maximum intensity projection MR angiography. Our experimental studies and theoretical consideration showd that the quality of MR angiograms has been significantly improved using 'shifted data' as follows; 1 remarkable reduction of mosaic artifact, 2 improvement of spatial continuity for the blood vessels, and 3 reduction of variance for the signal intensity along the blood vessels.

In other words, the angiograms looks much 'finer' than conventional ones, although the spatial resolution is not improved theoretically. Furthermore, we found the quality of MR angiograms dose not improve significantly with the 'shifted data' more than twice as dense as ordinal ones. Preoperative MR angiography evaluation of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Preoperative MRA was performed in 59 patients with portal hypertension study group in order to search for the causes of portal hypertension, to observe the patterns and route of the hepatic and portal veins and to measure the vascular diameter at the scheduled puncture site.

MRA was also performed in 50 healthy subjects, which was served as the control group. The results were compared between two groups. In study group the type I, II and III of the hepatic vein classification were seen in 14, 39 and 12 cases respectively,while in control group in 12, 34 and 14 cases respectively. In study group, the right, middle and left hepatic vein which had the diameter larger enough for puncturing existed in 52, 40 and 28 cases respectively, while in control group in 46, 34 and 23 cases respectively. The safe point for puncture via the right and the left branch of the portal vein was located beyond the distance of MRA is a valuable non-invasive examination, which is of great value in determining the causes of portal hypertension and in planning the puncturing sites before performing TIPS.

Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of cerebral aneurysms on MR angiography. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MR angiography MRA for detection of intracranial aneurysms IAs by prospective and retrospective examinations. The detection rates for MRA were: In aneurysms smaller than 5-mm, the detection rates were: False positive cases were reduced by using source images.

In prospective study including cases, IAs smaller than 5-mm were detected in 12 individuals underwent conventional angiography or CT angiography. Seven of them were true positive, however, 5 smaller than 2-mm on MRA were false positive. MRI and MR angiography of vertebral artery dissection.

A review of 4, angiograms yielded 11 patients with dissection of the vertebral arteries who had MRI and in 4 patients MR angiography MRA in the acute phase of stroke. One patient with incidental discovery at arteriography of asymptomatic vertebral artery dissection and two patients with acute strokes with MRI and MRA findings consistent with vertebral artery dissection were included. Dissection occurred after neck trauma or chiropractic manipulation in 4 patients and was spontaneous in Dissection involved the extracranial vertebral artery in 9 patients, the extra-intracranial junction in 1, and the intracranial artery in 4.

MRI demonstrated infarcts in the brain stem, cerebellum, thalamus or temporo-occipital regions in 7 patients with extra- or extra-intracranial dissections and a solitary lateral medullary infarct in 4 patients 3 with intracranial and 1 with extra-intracranial dissection. In 2 patients no brain abnormality related to vertebral artery dissection was found and in one MRI did not show subarachnoid haemorrhage revealed by CT.

Intramural dissecting haematoma appeared as crescentic or rounded high signal on T1-weighted images in 10 patients examined days after the onset of symptoms. The abnormal vessel stood out in the low signal cerebrospinal fluid in intracranial dissections, whereas it was more difficult to detect in extracranial dissections because of the intermediate-to-high signal of the normal perivascular structures and slow flow proximal and distal to the dissection. In two patients examined within 36 h of the onset, mural thickening was of intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal on spin-density and T2-weighted images.

MRA showed abrupt stenosis in 2 patients and disappearance of flow signal at and distal to the dissection in 5. Follow-up arteriography, MRI or MRA showed findings consistent with occlusion of the dissected vessel in 6 of 8 patients. MR angiography in diagnosing and following up the treatment result: Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are presented in a year-old female patient who suffered from severe dysphagia and rapid loss in weight.

In the conventional X-ray examination and barium swallow an aberrant right subclavian artery was suspected. Post-operative MRA documented exactly the complex topography after surgical correction and the flow pattern in the implanted Gore-Tex stretch graft prosthesis. Non-invasive MR angiography renders possible the concrete planning of complex corrections of thoracic vessels replacing invasive catheter angiography. Extremely long posterior communicating artery diagnosed by MR angiography: We report two cases of an extremely long left posterior communicating artery PCoA diagnosed by magnetic resonance MR angiography.

The PCoA arose from the normal point of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery and fused with the posterior cerebral artery PCA at its posterior ambient segment, forming an extremely long PCoA and extremely long precommunicating segment of the PCA. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such variation. Careful observation of MR angiographic images is important for detecting rare arterial variations. To identify these anomalous arteries on MR angiography , partial maximum-intensity-projection images are useful.

Software-triggered contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography of the intracranial arteries. We investigated the effectiveness of software-triggered contrast-enhanced three-dimensional 3D MR angiography in evaluating intracranial arteries. We studied 38 patients with suspected brain lesions.

Imaging was performed using a 1. To monitor signal intensity changes we used software to place a tracker volume at the basilar artery or the internal carotid artery. Three-dimensional MR angiography using a spoiled gradient-echo sequence with centric K-space ordering was triggered by the arrival of the contrast bolus in the tracker volume.

Imaging times ranged from 12 to 20 sec. We used MR images to assess the effectiveness of contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography in revealing intracranial arteries with minimal venous overlap. The software triggered imaging on the arrival of the contrast bolus in Software-triggered contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography with centric K-space ordering is a promising technique for viewing intracranial arteries.

MR angiography in the diagnosis of tumors in the head and neck. The problems to be solved concerned the ralationship between tumors and vessels and vascular anomalies and abnormalities at the skull base 56 cases , the facial skeleton 62 cases and the neck 35 cases. Digital subtraction angiography was performed in 54 patients and the findings corelated with MR angiography. Optimal results were obtained by using a FISP 3D sequence; in this way arterial structures could be rendered reproducibly down to a diameter of 2 mm.

Our results indicate that MR angiography is a rapid and reliable procedure for evaluating the arterial and venous changes due to tumors in the head and neck region. Comparison between fast contrast-enhanced MR angiography and DSA in diagnosing spinal cord vascular malformations. To evaluate the diagnostic and clinical value of fast contrast-enhanced MR angiography CE-MRA with elliptic centric phase-encoding in spinal cord vascular malformations. Methods Fast three-dimensional contrast-enhanced MR angiography with elliptic centric phase-encoding and superconducting 1.

All cases were performed with selective spinal digital subtraction angiography, including 18 cases treated by surgery and 2 of them with embolization before surgery, MR angiography follow up were undertaken in ten patients after surgery. Comparing fast contrast-enhanced MR angiography with DSA in diagnosing spinal cord vascular malformations included the origin of feeding artery, the feeding artery, the fistula or the nidus, the draining vein, and the vessel image quality based on the gold standard of selective spinal digital subtraction angiography.

Surgically proven diseases included spinal arteriovenous malformations 3 cases , spinal cord perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas 5 cases , spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas 8 cases , paravertebral arteriovenous fistulas 1 case , and spontaneous spinal epidural hematomas 2 eases. Comparing with DSA, the accuracy of MR angiography in diagnosing spinal cord vascular malformations; and detecting the origin of the feeding artery, the feeding artery, the shunt or the nidus and the draining vein were Fast three-dimensional contrast-enhanced MR angiography with elliptic centric phase-encoding may provide.

Evaluation of the portal venous system using MR angiography in patients with severe liver dysfunction. Fifteen patients of chronic liver dysfunction were examined with 2D TOF MR angiography to assess the portal venous system condition. All of the collateral pathways except esophageal varices were clearly demonstrated in all cases, portal vein thromboses were accurately diagnosed in two cases.

Portal vein visualization index were determined as follows: This index showed good correlation with the clinical stage proposed by Japan liver cancer study group. These results suggested that MR angiography has a potential for the evaluation of the portal system in patients with severe liver dysfunction.

Three-dimensional MR angiography of the intracranial circulation in neonates following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ECMO is a neonatal systemic oxygenation technique that involves cannulation and subsequent ligation of the right internal jugular vein and common carotid artery. The purpose of this study was to implement a comprehensive neurovascular evaluation in these patients by means of a new three-dimensional MR angiography technique that used reduced echo time and voxel size, gradient refocusing, and time-of-flight effects to maximize vascular contrast.

A standard T2-weighted multiecho MR imaging study was also performed. The patient population consisted of 12 infants who had undergone ECMO. The findings indicate that MR angiography is a reliable method for evaluation of the intracranial circulation in patients following ECMO therapy. Directory of Open Access Journals Sweden. Full Text Available Purpose.

MR images were evaluated independently by two board-certified radiologists. Stenosis evaluation was based on a five-point scale. Diprosopus is one of the rarest malformations in humans. In addition to the facial structures, the cerebral frontal lobes were duplicated in this case. Three pairs of anterior cerebral arteries were detected, and the rostral parts of the superior sagittal sinus were duplicated. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance MR imaging, and MR angiography allowed study of the degree of duplicative changes in diprosopus, especially for planning cosmetic correction.

Anomalous vessel in the middle ear: An 8-year-old child was examined because of conductive hearing loss with a retrotympanic mass on otoscopy. CT and MR angiography showed a large inferior tympanic artery traversing the hypotympanum and joining a thin, irregular internal carotid artery with a normal middle meningeal artery.

These investigations, coupled with knowledge of the embryological development allowed a diagnosis of a complex vascular anomaly in the middle ear and avoided potential surgical complications. Gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional 3D MR angiography is a useful imaging technique for patients with congenital heart disease. This study sought to determine the added value of creating 3D shaded surface displays compared to standard maximal intensity projection MIP and multiplanar reformatting MPR techniques when analyzing 3D MR angiography data.

Seventeen patients range, 3 months to 51 years old with a variety of congenital cardiovascular defects underwent gadolinium-enhanced 3D MR angiography of the thorax. Color-coded 3D shaded surface models were rendered from the image data using manual segmentation and computer-based algorithms. Models could be rotated, translocated, or zoomed interactively by the viewer. No additional diagnostic information was gained from 3D model analysis. Qualitatively, the 3D models were more easily interpreted and enabled adjacent vessels to be distinguished more readily.

Routine use of 3D shaded surface reconstructions for visualization of contrast enhanced MR angiography in congenital heart disease cannot be recommended. Inflammatory aortic arch syndrome: To determine the value of contrast-enhanced, three-dimensional MR angiography for the evaluation of stenotic and occlusive vascular lesions in inflammatory aortic arch syndrome.

In a total of examined vascular territories, DSA revealed 50 stenoses and 35 occlusions. All lesions were detected by MRA. In 23 segments, the degree of stenosis was overestimated by MRA. Despite a tendency to overestimate stenoses, contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography is a valid, non-invasive technique in the assessment of inflammatory aortic arch syndrome. Gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography of arterial occlusive disease in lower extremity: To compare the diagnostic value of gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography with that of conventional digital subtraction angiography for the evaluation of lower extremity arterial occlusive diseases.

In 26 patients with symptomatic lower extremity arterial occlusive disease, both conventional digital subtraction angiography DSA and gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography CE-MRA were performed during the same week. MR angiography was performed using three-dimensional gradient-echo acquisition before, and two sequential acquisitions after, the administration of gadolinium 0.

In 23 patients, two separate, contiguous areas were scanned using additional doses. In three patients, only one field with a suspicious lesion was scanned. From among a total of segments, DSA detected 99 which were significantly narrowed stenosis, 33; occlusion, Using MR angiography , segments stenosis 39; occlusion, 63 were identified, and 94 lesions stenosis, 32; occlusion, 62 were graded correctly.

Seven lesions were overestimated and four were underestimated. To prove the absence of lesions, we repeated DSA in two patients with arterial spasm due to puncture. Three occluded segments seen on DSA, which revealed intact segments on MR angiography , suggested slow distal flow after reconstitution. For the evaluation of lower extremity arterial occlusive disease, the diagnostic value of gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography is comparable with that of digital subtraction angiography. The advantages of the. Three-dimensional black blood MR angiography of the liver during breath holding.

A comparison with two-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography. Therefore, a 3-D black blood MRA of the liver was attempted in 7 healthy volunteers, using a 3-D gradient echo sequence which allows imaging during breath holding. In all subjects, 3-D MRA allowed visualization of the trunk, 1st-, and 2nd-order branches of the portal vein without interruption. However, with 2-D MRA, the transverse portion of the left main portal vein could not be visualized in any subject, and the periphery of the portal vein was less clear than with 3-D MRA.

Evaluation of the pedal artery: To compare the three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography with digital subtraction angiography DSA for evaluation of the pedal artery. Among ten of the 11 patients, the following conditions were present: The remaining patient underwent angiography prior to flap surgery. For MR angiography , a 1. A three-dimensional FISP fast imaging with steady state precession sequence was obtained before enhancement, followed by four sequential acquisitions scan time, 20 secs, scan interval time, 10 secs 10 seconds after intravenous bolus injection of normal saline total 10 cc , following intravenous administration of gadolinium 0.

Arterial segments of the ankle and foot were classified as the anterior or posterior tibial artery, the distal peroneal artery, the medial or lateral plantar artery, the pedal arch, and the dorsalis pedis artery. Two radiologists independently analysed visualization of each arteraial segment and the mean of visible arterial segments in one extreminty using CE- MR angiography and DSA. Comparison with conventional coronary angiography in ten cases.

To assess the diagnostic value of two-dimensional coronary magnetic resonance MR angiography in patients evaluated for ischemic heart disease. Ten patients who underwent selective cardiac catheterization with coronary MR angiography were evaluated with two-dimensional coronary MR angiography. The left main coronary artery, proximal left anterior descending artery, circumflex artery and right coronary artery were demonstrated in all cases.

Continuous segments mean of left anterior descending, circumflex and right coronary arteries visualized on MRA were 6. Breath-hold two-dimensional coronary MR angiography was useful in showing relatively long segments of the main coronary arteries and also has potential in depicting hemodynamically significant coronary artery lesions. A simulation study of enhancement duration in three-dimensional contrast-enhanced MR angiography.

In our study on three-dimensional 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography we performed a computer simulation to investigate quantitative vessel visibility. In the simulation, we evaluated the relative loss of signal intensity in a vessel due to shortened duration of contrast-enhancement. The mid-point of enhancement-duration was assumed to be at the point in which the data in the center of k-space k y axis was acquired. Signal intensity of a vessel decreased as the enhancement-duration was shortened and the diameter of the vessel was decreased.

This suggests that the vessel visibility is high. At anytime during data acquisition, we could set the phantom on the region being scanned or take it out by using the ''pause'' function of the MR scanner. This made it possible to change the enhancement-duration to match the simulation. Results of the phantom study were comparable to those of the simulation, suggesting that the simulation was valid. Our results and simple techniques for both the simulation and the phantom study using the ''pause'' function, were considered useful in the study of 3D MR angiography.

Hemodynamics of ovarian veins: MR angiography in women with uterine leiomyomata. The passive reflux into ovarian veins OVs is well known as a common finding in normal asymptomatic women. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hemodynamics of OVs in women with myomatous uterus. The frequency of reflux into OVs on TOF- MR angiography was retrospectively assessed with uterine volume, and compared to that of normal women in previous publication. The statistical evaluation was performed using Fisher's exact test. These rates were significantly lower than those of normal asyptomatic women in the previous publication p MR angiography.

These findings suggested myomatous uterus could affect the flow direction of OVs, and passive reflux into OVs might be prevented due to the influence of antegrade flow of OVs. Non-contrast MR angiography for diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Fast imaging employing steady state acquisition FIESTA has been reported to be suitable for cardiac imaging in adolescents and adults.

The measurements of the vascular diameters and diagnostic quality of the two techniques were compared. The agreement of the vascular diameters in the Bland-Altman method was good aAo 0. Due to signal loss caused at the regions of vascular stenosis or Blalock-Taussig shunt on FIESTA, we could not evaluate the vascular diameter or patency at those lesions.

Peripheral neuropathy due to vasculitis without any complications of vasculitis in other organs was first reported in This condition was termed non-systemic vasculitic neuropathy NSVN. Although vasculitis is believed to develop in small arteries and arterioles in this disease, the level of vascular involvement has not been fully established. We present a case of NSVN followed up by MR angiography , which was thought to be useful to assess the level as well as the state of vascular lesions in this condition. High-resolution coronary MR angiography for evaluation of patients with anomalous coronary arteries: Anomalous origin of the coronary artery from the contralateral coronary sinus is a rare coronary anomaly associated with sudden death.

The inter-arterial course is most closely associated with sudden death, but it has been suggested that the presence of an intramural segment of a right anomalous coronary is associated with more symptoms and therefore may be an important criterion for intervention in these patients. To demonstrate that MR angiography can accurately determine the presence or absence of an intramural segment in an anomalous coronary artery.

All studies of children who underwent MR angiography for the evaluation of an anomalous coronary artery were retrospectively reviewed by two pediatric radiologists in consensus. Criteria for an intramural anomalous coronary artery were the presence of a small or slit-like ostium and the relative smaller size of the proximal intramural portion of the coronary artery in relation to the more distal epicardial coronary artery.

The anomalous coronary artery was classified as not intramural if these two findings were absent. These findings were correlated with operative reports confirming the presence or absence of an intramural segment. MR angiography may be able to reliably identify the intramural segment of an anomalous coronary artery in older children using the imaging criteria of a small or slit-like ostium and relative decrease in size of the proximal portion of the anomalous coronary artery compared to the distal portion of the anomalous coronary artery.

Determining the presence of the intramural segment may help with surgical planning and may be an important. Time-resolved MR angiography of the renal artery: To prove the hypothesis that renal artery stenosis and changes in renal perfusion can be detected with contrast-enhanced time-resolved MR angiography in a single examination. In 71 patients, renal arteries and 14 accessory renal arteries were studied. The examinations were performed on a 1. A T 1 -weighted gradient echo sequence with a temporal resolution of 7 s was used.

Single dose of contrast material 0. Criterion for the assessment of renal perfusion was the slope ratio of the signal intensity time curve in both kidneys. Forty renal artery stenoses and one occlusion of a renal artery were detected. The accuracy of the slope ratio limit value 0. Time-resolved MR angiography can detect changes in renal perfusion in patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis. Carotid-anterior cerebral artery anastomosis on MR angiography: Rarely in the anterior circulation, an anastomosis of the carotid and anterior cerebral arteries occurs when an anomalous branch arises from the ophthalmic segment of the internal carotid artery and anastomoses with the A1-A2 junction of the anterior communicating artery.

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Right-side predominance is known. To our knowledge, the incidence of carotid-anterior cerebral artery anastomosis has not been reported, so we researched cases in our institution records to determine incidence and investigated characteristic features of the condition on magnetic resonance MR angiography.

To isolate such cases, we retrospectively reviewed cranial MR angiographic images of 3, consecutive patients in our institution. We found three cases with carotid-anterior cerebral artery anastomosis two men, one woman , representing an incidence of 0. The anastomosis was on the right in all three cases. A normal A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery ACA was present in two cases but could not be identified in the remaining case on MR angiographic images that included source images.

Two of the three patients demonstrated associated arterial variations in their carotid systems. On MR angiography , we observed a 0. We found a high frequency of other associated arterial variations in the carotid system. Diagnosis of the hypothenar hammer syndrome by high-resolution contrast-enhanced MR angiography. Our objective was to describe the imaging features of hypothenar hammer syndrome using minimally invasive contrast-enhanced MR angiography in comparison with oscillography study. In five patients with hypothenar hammer syndrome Gd-BOPTA-enhanced elliptically reordered 3D pulse sequence MR was compared with oscillography findings and clinical symptoms focusing on angiographic appearance of vessel injury, distribution pattern of hand vasculature and joining branches between the radial and ulnar artery supply.

All patients showed segmental occlusion at the site of trauma impact with varying involvement of the superficial palmar arch, common volar digital arteries. Good correspondence was found between angiographic appearance including the presence of collaterals, clinical symptoms and oscillography.

Bilateral comparison was helpful in distinguishing between vessel variants and pathology. Bilateral Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MR angiography is a minimally invasive method to depict clearly the localization and extent of vessel injury in hypothenar hammer syndrome providing valuable information about distribution pattern of hand vasculature and presence of collaterals; however, no flow data can be obtained.

Enhanced MR angiography of the lower extremities with synergy spine coil. A synergy spine coil is a phased-array coil designed for spine imaging. The coil's sensitive area is narrow in both the x-axis and y-axis directions but very wide in the z-axis direction. It is therefore suitable for using in long parts of the body, such as the spine.

We used the coil for enhanced MR angiography in the lower extremities, which requires a very long field of view on the z-axis direction. Using on the NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association standard test for special-purpose coils, the sensitive volume of the synergy spine coil was first measured by using a phantom.

It was found that the sensitive lengths along x-axis and y-axis were mm and mm, respectively, while that along z-axis could set at any length required for the examination by modifying the element number. The above area was confirmed to be sufficient for obtaining enhanced MR angiograms of the lower extremities. The results of this study showed the use of the synergy spine coil in enhanced MR angiography of the lower extremities is superior to the use of a conventional whole body coil for obtaining good MR angiograms with a good single-to-noise ratio SNR.

MR angiography of eddy-current-free MR imaging system with a 3T permanent magnet. This paper reports that, the authors main purpose was to evaluate two-dimensional time flight MR angiography in the visualization of vascular structure by using an eddy-current-free 0. The authors have developed multisection acquisition technique for two-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography with the use of velocity-compensated gradient echoes.

MR angiograms were obtained with a ray-tracing algorithm of the new modified maximum intensity projection at various viewing angles. These angiograms are displayed on cathode-ray tubes in a high-speed cyclic mode to depict the front-rear relation of vessels for better recognition. With an eddy-current-free permanent magnet system, two-dimensional time-of-flight angiography could clearly depict intracranial vascular structure, cervical vessels, and vessels of the extremities with thin-section 2 or 3 mm acquisition.

A high flip angle 90 degrees with a short TR enabled better differentiation between blood flow and stationary tissues. Stenosis of the carotids could be detected in accordance with digital subtraction angiography. MR imaging and MR angiography in preoperative evaluation of intracranial meningiomas. Use of MRA was also helpful in demonstrating the degree of intrinsic tumor vascularity. It also supplied important information for operative planning. Adjunct XRA was mandatory if detailed information about tumor-feeding vessels was requested by the neurosurgeon, especially in highly vascularized angiomatous meningiomas and in meningiomas suspected of tumor feeding by vessels of the internal carotid artery.

A short-duration CHESS pulse causes broad frequency band saturation, creating extensive offset from the resonance frequency of water. Dynamic contrast-enhanced subtraction MR angiography in intracranial vascular abnormalities. We present our clinical experience with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR angiography MRA with subtraction for assessing intracranial vascular abnormalities. Ten patients with various cerebrovascular disorders underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRA on a 1.

Thirty sections 2 mm were acquired in s.

Maximum intensity projection images and subtracted source images were compared with those obtained by conventional angiography. In all cases, the presence or absence of abnormalities in the targeted vessels, as well as the morphology of the sagittal sinuses, was clearly visualized as in conventional angiography, without any obstructions such as hyperintense hematomas or thrombi, or intraluminal turbulence. Although the temporal and spatial resolutions with current hardware are insufficient, these preliminary results suggest that dynamic contrast-enhanced MRA with subtraction may be useful for assessing vascular lesions with hemorrhage or thrombus, and the dural sinuses.

Analysis of flow dynamics of main pulmonary artery by cine phase contrast MR angiography. Retrospective EKG gating was used. Mean velocity, maximum velocity, and maximum flow rate of MPA were 6. Retrograde flow in the MPA was noted to begin at late-to mid-systole. MR angiography in the evaluation of a renovascular cause of neonatal hypertension. The gold standard for diagnosing renovascular disease is conventional renal angiography.

However, in neonates the procedure is not commonly used because of its invasive and technically challenging nature. The infant underwent partial nephrectomy with subsequent resolution of his hypertension. Clinical application of gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional pulmonary MR angiography. Twenty-nine patients with suspected pulmonary lesions, and three normal volunteers, underwent gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional 3D pulmonary MR angiography MRA.

The MRA were obtained during intravenous administration of gadolinium-based contrast material, in a single breath-hold. Conspicuity of the normal pulmonary segmental arteries was estimated on the MRA. Abnormal findings such as ''vascular involvement'', ''abnormal connection'', stenosis'', or ''dilatation'' on the MRA were compared with those on conventional angiography or CT. Normal pulmonary segmental arteries, except for A 4,5,6,8and9 of the left pulmonary artery, could be clearly visualized.

Blind reading of four different findings lead to characteristic findings for each pulmonary disease that can be aid in their differential diagnoses. This technique shows promise as a noninvasive diagnosis of lung diseases. Dynamic coronary MR angiography in a pig model with hyperpolarized water. To investigate dynamic coronary MR angiography using hyperpolarized water as a positive contrast agent. Hyperpolarization can increase the signal by several orders of magnitude, and has recently been translated to human cardiac application.

The aim was to achieve large 1 H signal enhancement Protons in D2 O were hyperpolarized by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization. The MRI images were acquired The acquisition time was ms per frame. Coronary angiographic images with a signal TOF MR angiography of cerebral arteriovenous malformations before and after radiotherapy.

They were compared to conventional angiography to assess the MRA study. In combination with the MRI study, an important 3D dataset for treatment planning could be obtained that includes therapeutically relevant information on the localization and spatial structure of the AVM as well as the adjacent brain tissue. As a noninvasive technique, close-meshed follow-up studies could be performed with MRA.

MR angiography of the carotid arteries and intracranial circulation: Several studies have shown the usefulness of contrast-enhanced MR angiography CE-MRA for imaging the supraortic vessels, and, as a consequence, it has rapidly become a routine imaging modality. The main advantage over unenhanced techniques is the possibility to acquire larger volumes, allowing demonstration of the carotid artery from its origin to the intracranial portion. Most published studies on CE-MRA of the carotid arteries have been performed with standard Gd-based chelates whose T1 relaxivity values are similar.

When administered at an equivalent dose to that of a standard agent, these newer contrast agents produce significantly greater intravascular signal enhancement. The availability of an appropriate high-relaxivity contrast agent might also help to overcome some of the intrinsic technical problems e. To avoid the problem of superimposition of veins, ultrafast gradient echo MRA techniques with very short TR and TE have been developed. Although the precise sequence parameters vary between manufacturers, they are basically similar.

The choice between performing a time-resolved or high spatial resolution CE-MRA examination depends upon the precise clinical application. The most common applications include the study of cerebral aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, dural arteriovenous fistulas and dural venous diseases.

Renal contrast-enhanced MR angiography: To investigate bolus timing artifacts that impair depiction of renal arteries at contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance MR angiography and to determine the effect of contrast agent infusion rates on artifact generation. Renal contrast-enhanced MR angiography was simulated for a variety of infusion schemes, assuming both correct and incorrect timing between data acquisition and contrast agent injection.

In addition, the ethics committee approved the retrospective evaluation of clinical breath-hold renal contrast-enhanced MR angiographic studies obtained with automated detection of contrast agent arrival. Twenty-two studies were evaluated for their ability to depict the origin of renal arteries in patent vessels and for any signs of timing errors. Simulations showed that a completely artifactual stenosis or an artifactual overestimation of an existing stenosis at the renal artery origin can be caused by timing errors of the order of 5 seconds in examinations performed with contrast agent infusion rates compatible with or higher than those of hand injections.

Lower infusion rates make the studies more likely to accurately depict the origin of the renal arteries. In approximately one-third of all clinical examinations, different contrast agent uptake rates were detected on the left and right sides of the body, and thus allowed us to confirm that it is often impossible to optimize depiction of both renal arteries. In three renal arteries, a signal void was found at the origin in a patent vessel, and delayed contrast agent arrival was confirmed. Computer simulations and clinical examinations showed that timing errors impair the accurate depiction of renal artery origins.

Comparison of two-dimensional MR angiography and microsphere measurement of renal blood flow for detection of renal artery stenosis. This paper compares depiction of the renal arteries by MR angiography to renal blood flow as determined with microspheres in a dog model of renal artery stenosis. A left renal artery stenosis was created by placement of a silk ligature.

Nblabeled microspheres were injected into the left ventricle and a reference blood sample was drawn. The dog was imaged in the 1. The kidneys were excised, weighted, divided into sections, and counted. Two dogs were studied to date. Preoperative evaluation of neurovascular relationship by using contrast-enhanced and unenhanced 3D time-of-flight MR angiography in patients with trigeminal neuralgia. Background Microvascular decompression is an etiological strategy for the therapy of trigeminal neuralgia TN. Preoperative identification of neurovascular compression, therefore, could have an impact on the determination of appropriate treatment for TN.

Purpose To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced and unenhanced three-dimensional 3D time-of-flight TOF MR angiography in the visualization of neurovascular relationship in patients with TN. Images were reviewed by a radiologist blinded to clinical details. Vascular contact with the trigeminal nerve was identified, and the nature of the involved vessels artery or vein was determined. All patients underwent microvascular decompression. Results In 37 patients with TN, contrast-enhanced 3D TOF MR angiography identified surgically verified neurovascular contact in 35 of 36 symptomatic nerves, and there was no false-positive.

Based on surgical findings, the sensitivity of MR imaging was The nature of the offending vessel was correctly identified in Conclusion Contrast-enhanced 3D TOF MR angiography is useful in the detection of vascular contact with the trigeminal nerve in patients with TN, and this MR imaging in combination with unenhanced MR angiography could help in the identification of the nature of the responsible vessels.

Retrograde flow in the dural sinuses detected by three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography. Retrograde flow in the left dural sinuses is sometimes detected by three-dimensional time-of-flight 3D-TOF magnetic resonance MR angiography. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of this phenomenon and its characteristic features on 3D-TOF MR angiograms. We retrospectively reviewed cranial MR angiography images of 1, patients examined at our institution.

All images were obtained by the 3D-TOF technique with one of two 1. Maximum intensity projection MIP images in the horizontal rotation view were displayed stereoscopically. We reviewed the source images, inferosuperior MIP images, and horizontal MIP images and identified retrograde flow in the dural sinuses. We found retrograde flow in the dural sinuses of 67 patients on the source images from 3D-TOF MR angiography ; the incidence was 6. In 47 of the 67 patients, retrograde flow was identified in the left inferior petrosal sinus, in 13, it was seen in the left sigmoid sinus, and in 6, it was seen in the left inferior petrosal and left sigmoid sinuses.

The remaining patient had retrograde flow in the left inferior petrosal and left and right sigmoid sinuses. The mean age of the patients with retrograde flow was slightly greater than that of the patients without this phenomenon 70 years vs 63 years. Retrograde flow in the dural sinuses frequently occurs on the left side in middle-aged and elderly patients during 3D-TOF MR angiography performed with the patient in the supine position.

This phenomenon should not be misdiagnosed as a dural arteriovenous fistula.

Beats Biblionetz - Personen: Sherry Turkle

Technique for arterial-phase contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography of the carotid and vertebral arteries. Our goal was to evaluate whether contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography using the MR Smartprep technique would enable us to obtain arterial-phase MR angiograms of the carotid and vertebral arteries. The study included 35 patients with suspected lesions of the neck in whom the MR Smartprep technique was used for MR angiography performed with a 1. The tracker volume was placed primarily in the middle part of the right common carotid artery. The imaging volume was placed in a coronal direction to include the carotid and vertebral arteries from the aortic arch to the skull base.

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