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Jun 11, - Running a drilling operation in the oil and gas business requires unique Personal safety and health has increasingly become more of a factor program in which detailed procedures are written up for every major job and.
Table of contents

Workers in the oil and gas industries face the risk of fire and explosion due to ignition of flammable vapors or gases. Flammable gases, such as well gases, vapors, and hydrogen sulfide, can be released from wells, trucks, production equipment or surface equipment such as tanks and shale shakers.

Ignition sources can include static, electrical energy sources, open flames, lightning, cigarettes, cutting and welding tools, hot surfaces, and frictional heat. Relevant standards from OSHA, other federal agencies, and national consensus organizations, and OSHA letters of interpretation applicable to these hazards, include:.

Workers might be required to access platforms and equipment located high above the ground. OSHA requires fall protection to prevent falls from the mast, drilling platform, and other elevated equipment. Workers are often required to enter confined spaces such as petroleum and other storage tanks, mud pits, reserve pits and other excavated areas, sand storage containers, and other confined spaces around a wellhead.

Safety hazards associated with confined space include ignition of flammable vapors or gases. Health hazards include asphyxiation and exposure to hazardous chemicals. Confined spaces that contain or have the potential to contain a serious atmospheric hazard must be classified as permit-required confined spaces, tested prior to entry, and continuously monitored.

Oil and gas workers might be exposed to ergonomics-related injury risks, such as lifting heavy items, bending, reaching overhead, pushing and pulling heavy loads, working in awkward body postures, and performing the same or similar tasks repetitively. Risk factors and the resulting injuries can be minimized or, in many cases, eliminated through interventions such as pre-task planning, use of the right tools, proper placement of materials, education of workers about the risk, and early recognition and reporting of injury signs and symptoms.

Workers might be exposed to hazards from compressed gases or from high-pressure lines. Internal erosion of lines might result in leaks or line bursts, exposing workers to high-pressure hazards from compressed gases or from high-pressure lines. If connections securing high-pressure lines fail, struck-by hazards might be created. The following OSHA documents provide guidance on recognizing and controlling these hazards:. Workers might be exposed to uncontrolled electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, or other sources of hazardous energy if equipment is not designed, installed, and maintained properly.

Further, administrative controls such as operating procedures must be developed and implemented to ensure safe operations. Oil and gas extraction workers may be exposed to a wide variety of rotating wellhead equipment, including top drives and Kelly drives, drawworks, pumps, compressors, catheads, hoist blocks, belt wheels, and conveyors, and might be injured if they are struck by or caught between unguarded machines. The eTool identifies common hazards and possible solutions to reduce incidents that could lead to injuries or deaths. Each drilling and servicing company should have its own safety program:.

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The Department of Labor also cannot authorize the use of copyrighted materials contained in linked Web sites. Users must request such authorization from the sponsor of the linked Web site. Thank you for visiting our site. Please click the button below to continue. IRP Volume 5 — Minimum Wellhead Requirements This IRP provides an introduction to wellhead components and major variations in wellhead design that are driven by reservoir and well operating considerations and conditions.

IRP Volume 13 — Slickline Operations IRP 13 is a guideline intended for slickline service companies to develop an appropriate slickline service program that promotes slickline worker safety on the job. IRP Volume 15 — Snubbing Operations The purpose of this document is to provide easily accessible snubbing operation guidelines for all personnel involved in the development, planning and execution of the snubbing program.

This IRP promotes robust and integrated up-front planning to ensure a successful application that provides for the entire lifecycle of the well, from initial construction and drilling, through completions and production. In the process, we always use the liquid pressure or the air pressure. That may lead to a earthquick in the nearby area. But recently, people have developed such process as a long distance control to decrease the risk during drilling and also it may reduce the working strength.

One of the major challenges encountered in drilling is primary well control and to overcome this, the mud used must provide an over balance that will keep the formation fluid in place so as to avoid blow out which leads to loss of lives and properties. The well must therefore be full of mud at all time. This mud must possess a good rheology enough to provide hydraulic casing for well-bore stability and to avoid differential sticking which is a nightmare for drillers. Some other situation to be avoided while drilling is excessive weight on bit to avoid buckling the drill string.


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While in drilling an over pressurized formation, one must reduce the rate of penetration and if total losses is encountered, the concept of blind drilling must be adapted drilling without returns but water is being pumped to keep the well full In case of horizontal and high deviated well, one must avoid dogleg severity or else you get a key seat which will make it impossible to trip out, thereby getting all the equipment stuck. Safety is the very foundation of every drilling operation. Safety issues with drilling operation are caused by the following activities: 1The cyclic nature of drilling is impacting safety.

Using poorly trained workers with low motivation and experience to execute drilling projects constitute to this.


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The failure of this event would the probability that the following would occur; a. Lost circulation b. Kick c. Blowout The consequence would be the loss of life and properties when risk assessment in drilling operation is inconsistently applied and poorly appreciated and understood. Mitigating the threats raised by inadequate safety practises in drilling operation includes; Installation of BOPs during drilling operation Designing and retrofitting the rig and equipment to eliminate hazards.

Constant risk assessment should be performed to increase the SIL level of the equipments. Undeniably, the drilling fluid plays a key role in all deepwater drilling operations. Too often, failure to adequately address mud-related concerns can lead to excessive well costs, unscheduled trouble time, unnecessary high-risk activities, and poor performance. In some cases, the challenging deepwater environment is the primary cause of mud-related problems. In others, the mud is the problem source in the sensitive and often unforgiving setting.

Regardless, the concerns are real and potentially serious. Those selected for this top list are. The wide range of mud-related problems in deepwater drilling can be condensed to a top-ten list. These concerns impact almost every aspect of deepwater drilling projects:. There are few things we all seem to be forgetting whenever we raise the issue of safety in drilling.

There are safety issues as a result of the cyclic nature of drilling operations. Also the industry is constantly and quickly growing with its attendant negative effects on safety which could be either immediate or in the long-term.

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This growth creates the need for labour in the shortest possible term. There is also the issue of workforce stress which impart negatively on their concentration thereby affecting safety in the discharge of their duties. Stress also affects morale. The cyclic business is also an environment that fails to promote sound, long-term investment in the physical work environment and the safety culture. I believe these issues have to be critically looked at with an in-depth analysis in order to come out with the best working practices to minimize or eradicate it.

By looking at it I mean investing considerably in their wellbeing and also the training of both new and existing staff. The event of an accident during drilling can result in severe burns, broken bones facture, electrocution, dismemberment, amputations, crush injuries etc. Safety should never be compromised during drilling because its failure will cause a serious devastating effect on the environment, workers should always wear their personal protecting equipment PPE and safety standard should be strongly adhered to. Bassey, Kufre Peter M. Earlier comments have emphasized different threats to safety and drilling operation including the risk of a blowout, loss of well control, junk falling etc.

I wish to highlight a salient challenge outlined from Exxon Mobils drill team experience in Qatar operations. Weather conditions in the offshore location getting sometimes up to 50 deg. C places the drill engineers at risk of dehydration and heat exhaustion. Communication among drilling teams is sometimes a challenge as the Engineers are usually pulled from a diversity of nationalities. Other extreme environmental conditions typical of offshore operations adds a significant risk to the drilling process.

Health and safety aspects regarding offshore well operations

Levy; M. Moyer; A. Crawford; D. Musson Williamson; S. Murray; T.