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The geological history of Earth follows the major events in Earth's past based on the geological time scale, a system of chronological measurement based on the.
Table of contents

Size and Distance.


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With a radius of 3, miles 6, kilometers , Earth is the biggest of the terrestrial planets, and the fifth largest planet overall. From an average distance of 93 million miles million kilometers , Earth is exactly one astronomical unit away from the Sun because one astronomical unit abbreviated as AU , is the distance from the Sun to Earth.

This unit provides an easy way to quickly compare planets' distances from the Sun. It takes about eight minutes for light from the Sun to reach our planet. Orbit and Rotation. As Earth orbits the Sun, it completes one rotation every It takes That extra quarter of a day presents a challenge to our calendar system, which counts one year as days. To keep our yearly calendars consistent with our orbit around the Sun, every four years we add one day. That day is called a leap day, and the year it's added to is called a leap year.

The secret of how life on Earth began

Earth's axis of rotation is tilted This tilt causes our yearly cycle of seasons. During part of the year, the northern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun and the southern hemisphere is tilted away. With the Sun higher in the sky, solar heating is greater in the north producing summer there. Less direct solar heating produces winter in the south. Six months later, the situation is reversed.

When spring and fall begin, both hemispheres receive roughly equal amounts of heat from the Sun.

National Geographic The Story of Earth HD

When the solar system settled into its current layout about 4. Like its fellow terrestrial planets, Earth has a central core, a rocky mantle and a solid crust. Kid-Friendly Earth Our home planet Earth is a rocky, terrestrial planet. It has a solid and active surface with mountains, valleys, canyons, plains and so much more. Earth is special because it is an ocean planet.

Kid-Friendly Earth

Water covers 70 percent of Earth's surface. Earth's atmosphere is made mostly of nitrogen and has plenty of oxygen for us to breathe. The atmosphere also protects us from incoming meteoroids, most of which break up before they can hit the surface. Earth is composed of four main layers, starting with an inner core at the planet's center, enveloped by the outer core, mantle and crust. The inner core is a solid sphere made of iron and nickel metals about miles 1, kilometers in radius.

There the temperature is as high as 9, degrees Fahrenheit 5, degrees Celsius. Surrounding the inner core is the outer core.

In Depth | Earth – NASA Solar System Exploration

This layer is about 1, miles 2, kilometers thick, made of iron and nickel fluids. In between the outer core and crust is the mantle, the thickest layer. This hot, viscous mixture of molten rock is about 1, miles 2, kilometers thick and has the consistency of caramel. The outermost layer, Earth's crust, goes about 19 miles 30 kilometers deep on average on land. Hubble images capture the comet streaking The new technique detects the signal that oxygen molecules produce when The breakthrough is only the second time that scientists have determined the precise location of a repeating source of these The star, called 49 Ceti, is 40 million years old and But this is no cosmic confection.

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Earth forms

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