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Elizabethan age - definition, etymology and usage, examples and related words

Please click the button below to reload the page. If the problem persists, please try again in a little while. No cover image. Read FREE! Excerpt The writer of the following brief sketch is conscious that it only partly fulfils the promise of its title, which has been selected chiefly for the sake of brevity. Marino University of Pennsylvania Press, Read preview Overview. Collins Concise Dictionary - 21st Century Edition. Professional companies were also retained for the private entertainment of English aristocracy. In spite of its popularity, the Elizabethan theatre attracted criticism, cen- sorship, and scorn from some sectors of English society.

The plays were often coarse and boisterous, and playwrights and actors belonged to a bohemian class. Puritan leaders and officers of the Church of England con- sidered actors to be of questionable character and they criticized play- wrights for using the stage to disseminate their irreverent opinions. They also feared the overcrowded theatre spaces might lead to the spread of disease. At times throughout the sixteenth century, Parliament censored plays for profanity, heresy, or politics. But Queen Elizabeth and later King James offered protections that ultimately allowed the theatre to survive.

Acting was not consid- ered an appropriate profession for women in the Elizabethan era, and even into the sev- enteenth century act- ing companies con- sisted of men with young boys playing the female roles. Instead of clothing reflecting the sta- tion of their characters, Elizabethan actors wore lavish costumes consistent with upper-class dress.

In contrast, stage scenery was minimal, perhaps 9. Elizabethan theatres were makeshift, dirty, and loud, but they attracted au- diences as large as 3, from all social classes. Performances were usually given in the afternoons, lasting two to three hours.

The Literary Profession In The Elizabethan Age

As in both ancient and contemporary theatres, each section of the theater bore a different price of admission, with the lowest prices in the pit below stage level where pa- trons stood to watch the play. He was not born into a family of no- bility or significant wealth. He did not continue his formal education at uni- versity, nor did he come under the mentorship of a senior artist, nor did he marry into wealth or prestige. His talent as an actor seems to have been modest, since he is not known for starring roles.

His success as a playwright depended in part upon royal patronage. Yet in spite of these limitations, Shakespeare is now the most performed and read playwright in the world.

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Born to John Shakespeare, a glovemaker and tradesman, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an af- fluent farmer, William Shakespeare was baptized on April 26th , , in Stratford-upon-Avon. At that time, infants were baptized three days after their birth, thus scholars believe that Shakespeare was born on April As the third of eight chil- dren, young William grew up in this small town miles northwest of London, far from the cultural and courtly centre of England.

Shakespeare attended the local grammar school, King's New School, where the curriculum would have stressed a classical education of Greek mythology, Roman comedy, ancient history, rhetoric, grammar, Latin, and possibly Greek. Through- out his childhood, Shakespeare's father struggled with serious finan- cial debt. Therefore, unlike his fel- low playwright Christopher Mar- lowe, he did not attend university. Rather, in at age 18, he mar- ried Anne Hathaway, a woman eight years his senior and three months pregnant.

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Their first child, Susanna, was born in , and twins, Hamnet and Judith, came in Evidently, it did not take him long to land on the stage. One hundred and fifty-four of his sonnets have survived, ensuring his reputation as a gifted poet. Having established himself as an actor and playwright, in Shake- speare became a shareholder in the Lord Chamberlain's Men, one of the most popular acting compa- nies in London. He remained a member of this company for the rest of his career, of- ten playing before the court of Queen Elizabeth I.

With his newfound success, Two years later, he joined others from the Lord Chamberlain's Men in establishing the polygonal Globe The- atre on the outskirts of London. When King James came to the throne in , he issued a royal license to Shakespeare and his fellow players, or- ganizing them as the King's Men. During King James's reign, Shakespeare wrote many of his most accomplished plays about courtly power, including King Lear, Macbeth, and Anthony and Cleopatra. In or , Shake- speare's sonnets were published, though he did not live to see the First Folio of his plays published in Child, Gilbert, W.

Church and State under the Tudors. Creighton, M. The Age of Elizabeth. IV, part 1, book III. Cunningham, W. The growth of English industry and commerce in modern times. Part 1. Outlines of English Industrial History. New ed.

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Hunt and W. Froude, J. Gee, H. Gildersleeve, Virginia C. Government Regulation of the Elizabethan Drama. New York, Review of the above by Cunliffe, J. IX, no.

Elizabethan Age : English Drama Before Shakespeare

Goadby, E. The England of Shakespeare. Gotch, J. Architecture of the Renaissance in England. Grose, F. Military Antiquities respecting a History of the British Army. Hall, Hubert. Society in the Elizabethan Age. Hazlitt, W. Old Cookery books and ancient Cuisine. Henson, H. Dissent in England.

The Literary Profession in the Elizabethan Age

Two lectures. Huber, V. English Universities.