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Editorial Reviews. About the Author. Adam Jenness (pictured on the left) was born to the proud Poets Awakening by [Jenness, Adam J, Paduano Jr., John].
Table of contents
Maybe our perceptions are getting sharper. Maybe he sharpened them, blunting himself in the process. Rich really began to think like an activist when she ventured out into the world of work. In , still recovering from an operation for her arthritis, Rich began to teach, first at Swarthmore where she did not like the students and then at Columbia where she liked them very much. These were her first excursions back into the real world after her sons were grown, and her early remarks on teaching are flavored with a feeling of new freedom:.
I feel they live in a different time-scale from us. This was an unusual reaction. Most writers end up disliking teaching, claiming it takes them away from their own work. From the beginning, Rich had a much more open mind. SEEK was originally conceived as an admissions scheme; the idea was to get more black and Puerto Rican students from struggling high schools into the university.
Under SEEK, the top graduates of local high schools were automatically admitted to the university, provided they first went through a series of classes designed to beef up their writing and mathematics skills. Rich taught language to small classes in this program for two years, beginning in the fall of They did nonetheless force her to see a certain section of literature in a different light. Her coworkers also included a number of black feminists—the poets Toni Cade Bambara, June Jordan, and Audre Lorde among them—who would become lifelong friends and allies.
Rich somewhat downplayed her exposure to black writing before she taught at SEEK. She had, after all, always read Baldwin. She also kept up with Eldridge Cleaver and the other polemicists. She liked the urgency of his message, though she had a complicated reaction to his fiery persona:. LeRoi always did think that Baldwin was essentially white-spirited, denying things in himself, with nothing really to write about except his own exquisitely exacerbated sensibility.
But what is happening to LeRoi is a different process, at least what I see of it, a totally understandable and relevant madness, but a madness no less. SEEK plunged her into the midst of it. Terribly far away I see your mouth in the wild light: it seems to me you are shouting instructions to us all. Already, she knew better. This sharpening and blunting is an interesting metaphor for the life of an artist in politics.
Rich recognized and even agreed with the politics in the work but was afraid to wield them herself, just yet. In the middle of all this is the enigma of Alfred Conrad.
Sometimes he even seemed to be ahead of her radicalism. He proposed, for instance, that the couple stop paying taxes on account of the unconstitutionality of the war in Vietnam. He was a native of Brooklyn, who was born Alfred Cohen but later changed his name to Conrad, and became a man of what you could call a kind of solid conventional success: He earned all three of his degrees at Harvard. His academic work bore the proof of his leftist beliefs; he co-authored a celebrated paper on the economics of slavery in the antebellum South.
And once he became a full professor at City College, he often got involved in conflicts with the administration. Evidently he had quite a bit of personal charm, if of a reserved kind. Beyond these bare facts there is not a great deal known of him. Rich was still recovering from a surgery and did not actually walk in the larger of the two protests, held on the twenty-first, but made it to a smaller march and a planning meeting among the poets.
Rich reported to Carruth:. The order of events for the public meeting was being discussed, and Denise was announcing that she and Galway were thinking of chaining themselves to the gates of the White House. Galway, by the way, like all of us, was dressed with a care and propriety rarely attempted by him, looking rather as if he were going to a funeral.
The notes of the comic in this description were shoring up a certain depression. Rich had been feeling intermittently depressed throughout the s, a state she often chalked up to her captivity in hospitals and occasional blocks in her writing. But she also did not seem to feel much connection, in the end, to the social movements of the time—not to the anti-Vietnam students, not to the counterculture, nor even a clear connection to the civil rights movement.
Conrad was one of the few professors students spoke to and respected. His colleagues vilified him for joining with the students, but he stood with them, anyway. The first hint of any trouble, in fact, appears only when Carruth began to complain to Rich of restlessness within his own marriage. He would separate from his wife Rose Marie in He did not preserve his own letter to Rich, but her reply makes clear that he had made some kind of overture:.
I will not flirt with you. I love you too much for that, and I know this is a danger zone. For years now I have believed that honest, loving and deep relations were possible—known they were possible—between men and women who have permanent relationships elsewhere. But proceeding on that assumption, one takes on much difficulty and much responsibility. I feel a responsibility to be very lucid, to demand that you too be very lucid. The letters hint at no physical relationship or developed affair. She also asked him not to chase after her so clearly:.
We are both engaged in extraordinary marriages. What we have to do, I think, is commit ourselves as best we can to each love, and acknowledge that there are as many loves as one needs, but that loyalty to one need not involve disloyalty to another. It was a few months after this sort of letter that the troubles with the stairs began.
And increasingly Farber was a confidant more important to her than any other in her life. Carruth, who had been in therapy himself, tried to warn Rich she was getting too close to the psychiatrist, but she did not listen. The arthritis continued to cause daily pain.
Brewed Awakening Poets
Among the medical advice she was given were instructions to avoid the stairs whenever possible. Another operation was scheduled and performed in March , and another course of physical therapy began. Conrad was arrested for protesting a draft board, occupations at the college continued, and Rich began complaining of exhaustion. Her letters to Carruth got more and more abstract, especially when they touched on her conversations with Farber.
Australian Poetry Library
But finally, when he once again seems to have brought up her attractions for him, she responded with a full-court feminist response:. Think of all that she has invested of herself in you, in your life together. Think of all that any bright, attractive, vital women invests in bourgeois marriage, in her husband and family. Her independence and autonomy are postponed or resigned altogether; her own spirit is almost continually being asked to take second place to the needs, the will, even the passing moods, of her man. During this time, she was distant from both her friend and her husband.
Within two weeks Conrad had visited Carruth in Vermont, alone. In a Guardian interview in , Carruth recounted that Conrad had visited him in June to complain about their split.
Conrad spiraled out from this rapidly. Nor, she said at the end of July , was she contemplating divorce.
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She had no plans to live with someone else. She would get herself a studio apartment. Even after moving out, Rich continued to spend some time with Conrad and her children.
Carruth, living nearby, would be the one to identify the body. Some years ago I had a friend whose domestic life was in a shambles. Part of the trouble was not his doing, but he was so bound up, so repressed and inhibited, that he could talk to no one, either psychiatrist or friend, about it.
He was forty-five years old, had three minor children, was a success in his work, a liked and respected person.
Poets Awakening
He went into the woods and shot himself. Anyone could have told him that what he should do was forget the whole mess and go to California; this is the common, effective American expedient. He was simply incapable of this. In such a case can anyone say with certainty that his suicide was wrong? I found the letters between Carruth and Rich in a roundabout way.
This book, published in and now a classic, was among the first to articulate the ways in which the biological facts of procreation had been used as a justification for patriarchal control. These writings and others aligned Rich with very radical feminists, the type that often advocated for outright war between the sexes—placing her closer in her beliefs to Shulamith Firestone than to, say, Gloria Steinem.
Rich was adamant that there was a great abyss of experience between men and women, and frequently pessimistic that the divide could be overcome unless women were allowed to speak on their own terms. She got swept too far. She deliberately made herself ugly and wrote those extreme and ridiculous poems. Besides, I had suspected that the distance between these extremes had been greatly exaggerated. At the time, the building and revival of the reputations of women artists was one of the few projects everyone in the movement could believe in; Rich herself had written on Anne Bradstreet.
It was then Rich was getting deeper and deeper into the movement. She wrote in to the Review in the role of a whip, trying to impose a kind of party line. The argument sounded familiar to me. It was a diorama of the internecine warfare you still see at work in feminist discussions today. I learned as I suspected that the gap between Rich and Sontag was not so very wide as it looked. To this, Sontag eagerly replied that she, too, would like to meet when Rich was next in New York. Suddenly, in those two letters, the image of Rich as a polemical firebrand falls right through the floor.
Love a lovely new Piet find.. I like this a lot.
I-Like-Rhymes - If you have copies of poems that we don't have here please feel free to message copies to me with publication dates if possible and I shall see that they are posted with appropriate credit. Jim Oldpoetry Research Team [old poetry yahoo. An unusual thing for a 16 year old to do but I still enjoy what she wrote and I am now nearly Share it with your friends:.