PDF My Reflection In the Mirror & the Shattered Mirror: Picking Up the Pieces

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And a time to pick up the pieces, if need be, when its over." Source: bandtshirt Broken Mirror, Broken Glass, Broken Window, Shattered Glass, The Portrait of beautiful woman with light on her skin by Katarina Simovic Abstract Photography, Credits: Make up – Patrycja Dobrzeniecka/af photo Hair – Sylwia Habdas.
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It is a photo that evokes sympathy for the dream that reveals itself at the edges of this troubling reflection, and that invites questions. Is this a winter sky or the frozen surface of spring's trapped dream, or is it a sky already dead, that was overcome by the cold, the frost? Is it a courageous dream of hope, or of irreparable sadness? It is beautiful, this unresolved dilemma, of a song of the heart where one suspects the melody and the words, while realizing one does not know the song. All one can do is to listen respectfully, from a discreet and compassionate distance, that touches with gentle fingers this beautiful blue sky with its puffy white clouds, so soft, so sad, so cold, so alone, and that brings to mind this verse of a song by the British rock band Fleetwood Mac, their song of " Landslide " : " Oh, mirror in the sky What is love?


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Can the child within my heart rise above? Can I sail through the changing ocean tides? Can I handle the seasons of my life? Trudi Ralston The information on the symbolism of reflections in water, courtesy of Wikipedia. No comments:. Preliminary evidence however comes from studies showing that social priming has similar effects on motor mimicry.

Nevertheless, the similarities between automatic imitation, mirror effects, and motor mimicry have led some researchers to propose that automatic imitation is mediated by the mirror neuron system and that it is a tightly controlled laboratory equivalent of the motor mimicry observed in naturalistic social contexts. If true, then automatic imitation can be used as a tool to investigate how the mirror neuron system contributes to cognitive functioning and how motor mimicry promotes prosocial attitudes and behavior.

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Meta-analysis of imitation studies in humans suggest that there is enough evidence of mirror system activation during imitation that mirror neuron involvement is likely, even though no published studies have recorded the activities of singular neurons. However, it is likely insufficient for motor imitation. Studies show that regions of the frontal and parietal lobes that extend beyond the classical mirror system are equally activated during imitation. This suggests that other areas, along with the mirror system are crucial to imitation behaviors.

It has also been proposed that problems with the mirror neuron system may underlie cognitive disorders, particularly autism. Some researchers claim there is a link between mirror neuron deficiency and autism. EEG recordings from motor areas are suppressed when someone watches another person move, a signal that may relate to mirror neuron system. This suppression was less in children with autism. Oberman and Ramachandran found typical mu-suppression for familiar stimuli, but not for unfamiliar stimuli, leading them to conclude that the mirror neuron system of children with ASD Autism Spectrum Disorder was functional, but less sensitive than that of typical children.

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Behavioural studies have shown that people with autism have a good understanding of action goals. Furthermore, two independent neuroimaging studies have reported that the parietal component of the mirror system is functioning typically in individuals with autism. Some anatomical differences have been found in the mirror neuron related brain areas in adults with autism spectrum disorders, compared to non-autistic adults.

All these cortical areas were thinner and the degree of thinning was correlated with autism symptom severity, a correlation nearly restricted to these brain regions. Many researchers have pointed out that the "broken mirrors" theory of autism is overly simplistic, and mirror neurons alone cannot explain the differences found in individuals with autism.

First of all, as noted above, none of these studies were direct measures of mirror neuron activity - in other words fMRI activity or EEG rhythm suppression do not unequivocally index mirror neurons. Dinstein and colleagues found normal mirror neuron activity in people with autism using fMRI. Instead, "additional research needs to be done, and more caution should be used when reaching out to the media". Research from [] concluded that autistic individuals do not exhibit mirror neuron dysfunction, although the small sample size limits the extent to which these results can be generalized.

In Philosophy of mind , mirror neurons have become the primary rallying call of simulation theorists concerning our " theory of mind ". There are several competing models which attempt to account for our theory of mind; the most notable in relation to mirror neurons is simulation theory. According to simulation theory, theory of mind is available because we subconsciously empathize with the person we're observing and, accounting for relevant differences, imagine what we would desire and believe in that scenario.

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At the neuronal-level, in a study by Keren Haroush and Ziv Williams using jointly interacting primates performing an iterated prisoner's dilemma game, the authors identified neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex that selectively predicted an opponent's yet unknown decisions or covert state of mind.

These "other-predictive neurons" differentiated between self and other decisions and were uniquely sensitive to social context, but they did not encode the opponent's observed actions or receipt of reward. These cingulate cells may therefore importantly complement the function of mirror neurons by providing additional information about other social agents that is not immediately observable or known. A series of recent studies conducted by Yawei Cheng, using a variety of neurophysiological measures, including MEG , [] spinal reflex excitability, [] electroencephalography, [] [] have documented the presence of a gender difference in the human mirror neuron system, with female participants exhibiting stronger motor resonance than male participants.

In another study, sex-based differences among mirror neuron mechanisms was reinforced in that the data showed enhanced empathetic ability in females relative to males. During an emotional social interaction, females showed a greater ability in emotional perspective taking than did males when interacting with another person face-to-face. However, in the study, data showed that when it came to recognizing the emotions of others, all participants' abilities were very similar and there was no key difference between the male and female subjects.

Baland Jalal and V. Ramachandran have hypothesized that the mirror neuron system is important in giving rise to the intruder hallucination and out-of-body experiences during sleep paralysis. The deafferentation of sensory information during sleep paralysis is proposed as the mechanism for such mirror neuron disinhibition.

Recent research, which measured mu-wave suppression, suggests that mirror neuron activity is positively correlated with psychotic symptoms i. Researchers concluded that "higher mirror neuron activity may be the underpinning of schizophrenia sensory gating deficits and may contribute to sensory misattributions particularly in response to socially relevant stimuli, and be a putative mechanism for delusions and hallucinations. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see Mirror system disambiguation.

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Associative sequence learning Common coding theory Emotional contagion Empathy Mirror-touch synesthesia Mirroring psychology Motor cognition Motor theory of speech perception On Intelligence Positron emission tomography Simulation theory of empathy Speech repetition Spindle neuron. Annual Review of Neuroscience. Current Biology. Archived from the original PDF on The Empathic Brain. Italiennes de Biologie.

A short review and meta-analysis". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. Animal Learning and Behavior. Curr Biol. J Cogn Neurosci. PLOS Biology. New York Times Science. Experimental Brain Research.


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Cognitive Brain Research. European Journal of Neuroscience. Cereb Cortex. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. PLoS Biology. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B. Trends in Neurosciences. Cognitive Neuropsychology. Hamilton, A. Social Neuroscience. February 28, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Bibcode : PNAS..

August 12, J Neurosci. Retrieved 13 April Nature Neuroscience 9. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. Developmental Review. Bibcode : Sci Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews.

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Journal of Consciousness Studies. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. January 2, In Pineda, J. Humana Press. What he came up with was a uniquely composed, eye-tricking image:. Click image to see full size.

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