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Table of contents
- Account Options
- Account Options
- Change Management Process: The Ultimate Step-by-Step Guide - Daniel Lock's blog
- Process Design and Reengineering Bibliography
Poorly designed plant can lead to inadvertent or inappropriate actions from the people using the plant. Examples of these are in Table 9 below. A hazardous substance is any substance with one or more of the following properties, as described in Figure For more information on the Hazardous Substances Regulations , see our hazardous substances section. Not all substances hazardous to health are covered by the Hazardous Substances Regulations eg fumes produced as a by-product of heating. However, there is still a requirement to make sure that the hazard is identified and the risk associated with the substance is managed.
The specific control measures required by the Regulations may help manage the risks associated with manufacturing, using, handling or storing hazardous substances at work. Depending on the hazardous properties of the substance these control measures may include specific requirements around:. A simple way to find out the key controls that apply to a substance is to use the hazardous substances calculator at: www.
Although these control measures apply when the substance is in the manufacture, use, handling or storage phases of the lifecycle, they should be given consideration during the pre-design and design stage, as the control measures are a critical element in the management of risk from the substance. The intrinsically hazardous properties of a substance may be unavoidable, if they are integral to the function of the substance at work. However, the principles of Health and Safety by Design should still be applied. There are general risks that should be considered when designing substances.
When designing and developing safer substances, the designer needs to find a balance between eliminating, then minimising health, safety or environmental risks, and maintaining the effectiveness of the substance.
If a less hazardous version of the substance is designed that is not as effective as those currently being used, the health and safety benefits may outweigh this reduction in effectiveness. So far as is reasonably practicable, the designer should consider what is able to be done to ensure health and safety, taking into account:.
Information on how PCBUs can make safer choices around substances to use is available in our substances guidance section. More information on how designers can communicate, cooperate and coordinate with other relevant stakeholders is outlined in Section 3 of these guidelines. This was the largest civil engineering project in New Zealand at the time of construction between It comprised:. Safety in Design SiD was implemented on the project from the tender design phase.
It was a formal process that was documented in the design management plan and applied throughout the design and delivery period. A risk based approach was used, where workshops were held in the early stages of design with participation from design, construction and operations personnel. This was so that a range of knowledge and experience was present and consideration was given to the full life cycle. The workshops identified safety-related risks for all elements of the project that could be mitigated, to at least some degree, through smart design.
An SiD register was maintained to capture and monitor the treatment of those safety risks throughout the design phase, and also to capture the transfer of any residual risk at the end of design to construction and ultimately to operations. Design reports also specifically documented SiD considerations and treatment. This approach was successfully applied across the project with a number of key design decisions driven by safety considerations.
The introduction of night time flights into Queenstown airport showed the need for accurate reporting of the local weather.
Account Options
The weather reporting system filled the need by using weather stations located around the Queenstown basin. These stations measure the wind speed and direction, temperature and humidity, and report to a main computer server through the cellular phone system. The information is then made available to pilots, air traffic controllers and flight planners via the Internet.
The information can also be sent to pilots whilst in flight. The system was being upgraded to improve its robustness and reliability. This included replacing the masts used to support the system instruments. The masts require bespoke foundations and mounting plates. An additional complexity is that some of the weather stations are sited in remote hilltop locations with limited and difficult access. The mast foundation is a concrete-filled hole in the ground with 4 threaded rods embedded.
Each mast has a base plate fitted to the bottom. This base plate has holes which slide over the threaded rods, allowing the base plate to be secured with nuts and washers. The mast is assembled on site, with all instruments and cables attached whilst the mast is horizontal. The mast is then manually raised into the upright position, with the base plate sliding over the threaded rods as the mast reaches the vertical position.
The base plate was therefore redesigned to consist of 2 hinged plates.
This allows one plate to be affixed to the mast as before, and the other plate to be attached to the foundation threaded rods whilst the mast is still in the horizontal position. The mast can then be raised to the vertical position in a fully controlled manner with no chance of the mast base slipping. Once the mast is upright the hinged plates are securely bolted together. This design also ensures the mast base cannot slip when the mast is lowered for periodic instrument maintenance.
An early risk assessment has presented an opportunity to change a design to increase the safety of the system throughout its life in a cost effective manner. A service trolley was positioned above a fruit sorter. The fruit sorter has fruit conveying carriers attached to chains running at high speed. This unintentionally gave access to multiple nip points and hazards in the machine, which were otherwise not accessible. There was also a danger of falling from height through the machine and onto the floor.
Account Options
The existing trolley was modified to incorporate the flexibility required for cleaning and maintenance tasks, while addressing the safety concerns identified by the risk assessment. This meant that the trolley needed to be configurable to be used in two distinct modes of operation.
For example, in one instance, the trolley started being used as an anchor point to protect installers while working at height. This would have been dangerous as the trolley is ill-equipped to be an anchor point and might have led to an incident. Installation of new stormwater infrastructure to increase capacity and make allowance for a special housing area and an additional catchment. The catchment being serviced was located on a ridge with the downstream network located at a much lower elevation a drop of 22 m over a 90 m length.
The initial design called for a 24 m deep manhole in order to comply with the Stormwater Code of Practice. The workshop identified safety issues with operating and maintaining such a deep manhole. Safety issues were also raised around the construction of such a deep structure. The designers were asked to redesign the alignment to remove the deep manhole.
The removal of the deep manhole eliminated the safety concerns regarding working at depth during construction and operation. In order for the design to be accepted, Auckland Council, in collaboration with the designers, relaxed the design criteria, specified more durable products and agreed to the design of an energy dissipation chamber.
Change Management Process: The Ultimate Step-by-Step Guide - Daniel Lock's blog
These changes were required in order to incorporate the shallow manhole and associated steeply graded pipe and high velocity flows. Thanks to Auckland Council for allowing this case study to be used. This may be partial or full. Research completed at Canterbury University demonstrated that noise levels could be reduced by simple redesign of the shearing equipment, such as the prevention of the core hitting the downtube.
This was a simple, inexpensive and reasonably practicable fix to reduce the noise emission to shearers and minimise a health and safety risk. To view this report in full, see: Mahn, J. Noise of sheep shearing systems.
Process Design and Reengineering Bibliography
Part 2. Noise Source Identification. Canterbury University: Acoustic Research Group. Report Businesses who are in the supply chain have a duty to ensure that the work they do or the things they provide to other workplaces don't create health and safety risks. Last updated 14 August at Health and safety by design Health and safety by design: an introduction.
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- Key points.
Designers have an important role in managing health and safety risks. There are key principles of Health and Safety by Design that designers should follow. There are specific things to consider when designing structures, plant or substances.
Examples of designers could include, but are not limited to, architects, industrial designers, engineers and software designers. For further guidance on worker engagement, participation and representation see: WorkSafe's good practice guidelines Worker Engagement, Participation and Representation. Implement solutions from recognised standards.