formal USAF Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE) training, This handbook also applies to US Air Force Reserve and Air SERE training courses provide training in the skills, knowledge, .. Complying with legal and authorized requirements. Brian Udell, an FE fighter pilot and Capt.
Table of contents
- The joy of flying
- Full text of "leondumoulin.nl"
- Robert Mark
- Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape
Most SERE training focuses on survival and evasion. Training on how to survive and resist the enemy in the event of capture is largely based on the experiences of past U. In addition to training in the use of aquatic survival gear, more academic skills include first aid tailored to an aquatic environment, communication protocols, ocean ecology, [ citation needed ] and equipment maintenance. SERE training is intended, above all, to provide students with the skills needed to live up to the U. SERE training for Army aviators is included in the Army Aviation School curriculum at Fort Rucker totaling 21 days of instruction encompassing full-spectrum training including academics and resistance labs.
Level A is taught to recruits and candidates in Officer Candidate School and the Recruit Depots, or under professional military education. As the "eyes" and "ears" of the commander, they carry knowledge of sensitive battlefield information. The training encompasses those basic skills necessary for worldwide survival, facilitating search and rescue efforts, evading capture by hostile forces. This training provides the skills to survive captivity by a hostile government or terrorist cell during peacetime. Following ITB, the Specialists are tasked with 45 weeks of intensive on-the-job training to complete their skill levels.
After completion of four years as an Instructor Field Training the Specialist may be tasked to train students worldwide. SERE Specialists will complete additional qualification training at specialized schools as required when tasked. Upon reporting to the new assignment, each SERE Specialist must first complete that school's course the same as an Aircrew member , and then be trained by the school's cadre in the specialized subject matter and carry crews under supervision before the newly assigned Specialist is "qualified" to teach without supervision.
This includes test parachuting newly designed canopies, harnesses, etc. Currently, they are the only Test Parachutists in the Department of Defense. Student training for Level "B" medical aircrew was conducted at Brooks City-Base , Texas until the planned course closure on 30 September The parachute water survival training which was once located in Florida ceased operations there in August The academy discontinued CST entirely in However, in summer , some portions of the program, including resistance training, were reinstated.
Following the summer of , the scope of the CST program was reduced drastically and incorporated into the mandatory expeditionary skills training for budgetary reasons. The SERE techniques are commonly, [6] but erroneously , [ citation needed ] believed to be modeled on abusive Chinese " brainwashing " practiced on U. POWs during the Korean War, to extract false confessions. One of the U. Because a large number of pilots and other aircrew members graduated from the academy, it was more efficient for the Air Force to send all cadets through SERE training while they were still at the academy.
Cadets would normally complete the training during the summer between their fourth-class freshman and third-class sophomore years.
However, some of the training scenarios allegedly were taken too far by SERE cadet members at the academy during practical portions of the program. One of the cadets sued the U. As a result of the scandal, the SERE program at the Academy was reduced to the survival and evasion portions only, and the curriculum was revamped to be in line with the main course at Fairchild AFB titled: All graduates going on to aircrew positions were then required to attend the resistance portion of the training at Fairchild Air Force Base before reporting to an operational flying unit.
The CST program was discontinued entirely in The curriculum of the revived program will contain some resistance elements, but will not contain sexual assault resistance. In July , an article [15] in The New Yorker magazine alleged that psychologists who help direct the SERE curriculum have been advising the military at Guantanamo Bay detainment camp and other sites on interrogation techniques. In June , an article on Salon , an online magazine, confirmed finding a document obtained by the American Civil Liberties Union through the Freedom of Information Act. According to the organization "Internal FBI memos and press reports have pointed to SERE training as the basis for some of the harshest techniques authorized for use on detainees by the Pentagon in and The information was later used on prisoners in military custody.
He refused, but his decision was overruled. He was quoted as saying "When presented with the choice of getting smarter or getting tougher, we chose the latter. Jessen was a senior psychologist at the Defense Department who taught special forces on how to resist and endure torture. The report states that the contractor "developed the list of enhanced interrogation techniques and personally conducted interrogations of some of the CIA's most significant detainees using those techniques.
The contractors also evaluated whether the detainees' psychological state allowed for continued use of the techniques, even for some detainees they themselves were interrogating or had interrogated. The CIA acting general counsel, described in his book Company Man , that the enhanced techniques were "sadistic and terrifying. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. February Learn how and when to remove this template message. Officers and non-commissioned officers will continue to carry out their responsibilities and to exercise their authority in captivity. Informing or any other action detrimental to a fellow PW, is despicable and is expressly forbidden.
Prisoners of war must especially avoid helping the enemy to identify fellow PWs who may have knowledge of value to the enemy and who may therefore, be made to suffer coercive interrogation. Wherever located, PWs, for their own benefit, should organize in a military manner under the senior person eligible for command. The senior person whether officer or enlisted within the PW camp or with 4 a group of PWs, shall assume command accordingly to rank without regard to military service.
This responsibility and accountability may not be evaded. When taking command, the senior person will inform the other PWs and will designate the chain of command. If the senior person is incapacitated or is otherwise unable to act for any reason, the next senior person will assume command. Every effort will be made to inform all PWs in the camp or group of the members of the chain of command who will represent them in dealing with enemy authorities.
The responsibility of subordinates to obey the lawful orders of ranking American military personnel remains unchanged in captivity. The senior military person is required to represent the prisoners under his control in matters of camp administration, health, welfare and grievances. I will evade answering further questions to the utmost of my ability.
I will make no oral or written statements disloyal to my country and its allies or harmful to their cause. When questioned, a prisoner of war is required by the Geneva Conventions, this Code and is permitted by the UCMJ to give name, rank, service number and date of birth. Under the Geneva Conventions, the enemy has no right to try to force a PW to provide any additional information.
However, it is unrealistic to expect a PW to remain confined for years reciting only name, rank, service number and date of birth. There are many PW camp situations in which certain types of conversation with the enemy are permitted. For example, a PW is allowed, but not required by this Code, the UCMJ or the Geneva Conventions, to fill out a Geneva Conventions capture card, to write letters home and to communicate with captors on matters of health and welfare.
Accordingly, each prisoner must exercise great caution when filling out a capture card, when conducting authorized communication with the captor and when writing letters. A PW should recognize that any confession signed or any statement made may be used by the enemy as part of a false accusation that the captive is a war criminal rather than a PW. Moreover, certain countries have made reservations to the Geneva Conventions, in which they assert that a war criminal conviction has the effect of depriving the convicted individual of prisoner of war status, thus removing them from protection under the Geneva Conventions.
They thus revoke the right to repatriation until a prison sentence is served. Such statements or actions constitute giving the enemy unauthorized information. If a PW finds that, under intense coercion, unauthorized information was unwillingly or accidentally disclosed, then the member should attempt to recover and resist with a fresh line of mental defense.
I will trust in my God and in the United States of America. A member of the Armed Forces remains responsible for personal actions at all times. This Article is designed to assist members of the Armed Forces to fulfill their responsibilities and to survive captivity with honor. The Code of Conduct does not conflict with the UCMJ and the latter continues to apply to each military service member during captivity or in other hostile detention.
A member of the Armed Forces who is captured has a continuing obligation to resist all attempts to indoctrination and to remain loyal to country, service and unit. Every member of the Armed Forces of the United States should understand that members can be held legally accountable for personal actions while detained. The purpose of each interview is to recognize misconduct. The reviews will be conducted with due regard for the rights of the individual and consideration for the conditions of captivity.
That failure to accomplish these has resulted in an almost overwhelming sense of guilt on the part of the PWs, and has placed unnecessary hardship on family members. The national policy expressed hy the President of the United States in promulgating the Code of Conduct: Every available means will be employed by our government to establish contact with, to support and to obtain the release of all our prisoners of war.
Furthermore, the laws of the United States provide for the support and care of dependents of the Armed Forces including those who become prisoners of war. I assure dependents of such prisoners that these laws will continue to provide their welfare. The complete Article is quoted, unless otherwise stated. The High Contracting Parties undertake to respect and to ensure respect for the present Convention in all circumstances.
Your knowledge of these Articles is what makes the Geneva Conventions work. Your persistence in demanding your rights under these Articles coupled with the very powerful influence of world opinion could very well force captors who are signatories, and not adhering to Article I, to comply. If your persistence fails, the information gathered upon repatriation, could he damaging to that country in the form of legal sanctions. Any one of you could he duty hound hy the Code of Conduct to represent others in obtaining the legal rights listed herein. ARTICLE 2 In addition to the provisions which shall be implemented in peacetime, the present Convention shall apply to all cases of declared war or of any other armed conflict which may arise between two or more of the High Contracting Parties, even if the state of war is not recognized by one of them.
The Convention shall also apply to all cases of partial or total occupation of the territory of the High Contracting Party, even if the said occupation meets with no armed resistance. Although one of the Powers in conflict may not be a party to the present Convention, the Powers who are parties thereto shall remain bound by it in their mutual relations. They shall futhermore be bound by the Convention in relation to the said Power, if the latter accepts and applies the provisions thereof.
Prisoners of war, in the sense of the present Convention, are persons belonging to one of the following categories, who have fallen into the power of the enemy: The following shall likewise be treated as prisoners of war under the present convention: Where such diplomatic relations exist, the Parties to a conflict on whom these persons depend shall be allowed to perform towards them the functions of a Protecting Power as provided in the present Convention, without prejudice to the functions which these Parties normally exercise in conformity with diplomatic and consular usage and treaties.
This Article shall in no way affect the status of medical personnel and chaplains as provided for in Article 33 of the present Convention. Prisoners of war may under no circumstances renounce in part or in entirety the rights secured to them by the present Convention and by the special agreements referred to in the foregoing Article, if such there were.
The joy of flying
Prisoners of war are in the hands of the enemy Power, but not of the individuals or military units who have captured them. Irrespective of the individual responsibilities that may exist, the Detaining Power is responsible for the treatment given them. Prisoners of war may only be transferred by the Detaining Power to a Power which is a party to the Convention and after the Detaining Power has satisfied itself of the willingness and ability of such transferee Power to apply the Convention.
When prisoners of war are transferred under such circumstances, responsibility for the application of the Convention rests on the Power accepting them while they are in its custody. Nevertheless, if that Power fails to carry out the provisions of the Convention in any important respect, the Power by whom the prisoners of war were transferred shall, upon being notified by the Protecting Power, take effective measures to correct the situation or shall request the return of the prisoners of war.
Such requests must be complied with. Prisoners of war must at all times be humanely treated. Any unlawful act or omission by the Detaining Power causing death or seriously endangering the health of a prisoner in its custody is prohibited and will be regarded as a serious breach of the present Convention. In particular, no prisoner may be subjected to physical mutilation or to medical or scientific experiments of any kind which are not justified by the medical, dental or hospital treatment of the prisoner concerned and carried out in his interest.
Likewise, prisoners of war must at all times be protected, particularly against acts of violence or intimidation and against insults and public curiosity. Measures of reprisal against prisoners of war are prohibited. Every prisoner of war, when questioned on the subject, is bound to give only his surname, first name and rank, date of birth and army, regimental, personal or serial number or failing this, equivalent information.
If he willfully infringes this rule, he may render himself liable to a restriction of privileges accorded to his rank or status. Each Party to a conflict is required to furnish the persons under its jurisdiction who are liable to become prisoners of war with an identity card showing the owner's surname, first names, rank, army, regimental, personal or serial number or equivalent information and date of birth. The identity card may bear as well, any other information the party to the conflict may wish to add concerning persons belonging to its armed forces.
As far as possible the card shall measure 6. The identity card shall be shown by the prisoner of war upon demand, but may in no case be taken from him. No physical or mental torture, nor any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on prisoners of war to secure from them information of any kind whatever. Prisoners of war who refuse to answer may not be threatened, insulted or exposed to unpleasant or disadvantageous treatment of any kind to prisoners of war who, owing to their physical or mental condition, are unable to state their identity, shall be handed over to the medical service.
The identity of such prisoners shall be established by all possible means, subject to the provisions of the preceding paragraph. The questioning of prisoners of war shall be carried out in a language which they understand. Prisoners of war shall be quartered under conditions as favorable as those for the forces of the Detaining Power who are billeted in the same area. The said conditions shall make allowance for the habits and customs of the prisoners and shall in no case be prejudicial to their health.
The foregoing provisions shall apply in particular to the dormitories of prisoners of war in regards to both total surface and minimum cubic space and the general installations, bedding and blankets. The premises provided for the use of prisoners of war individually or collectively, shall be entirely protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted, in particular, between dusk and lights out. All precautions must be taken against danger of fire. The basic daily rations shall be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep prisoners of war in good health and to prevent loss of weight or the development of nutritional deficiencies.
Account shall also be taken of the habitual diet of the prisoners. The Detaining Power shall supply prisoners of war who work with such additional rations as may be necessary for the labor on which they are employed. Sufficient drinking water shall be supplied to prisoners of war.
The use of tobacco shall be permitted. Prisoners of war shall, so far as possible, be associated with the preparation of their meals; they may be employed for that purpose in the kitchens. Furthermore, they shall be given the means of preparing, themselves, the additional food in their possession.
Adequate premises shall be provided for messing. Collective disciplinary measures affecting food are prohibited. Clothing, underwear and footwear shall be supplied to prisoners of war in sufficient quantities by the Detaining Power, which shall make allowance for the climate of the region where prisoners are detained.
- ;
- Love: The Greatest Thing in the World (Christian Love)?
- Adobe AIR (Adobe Integrated Runtime) with Ajax: Visual QuickPro Guide.
- Prayers That Bring Change: Power-Filled Prayers that Give Hope, Heal Relationships, Bring Financial .
- Bajo Las lilas (Spanish Edition).
- The Fitna of the Dajjal: How We Can Identify The Imposter Today.
The Detaining Power shall be bound to take all sanitary measures necessary to ensure the cleanliness and healthfulness of camps and to prevent epidemics. Prisoners of war shall have for their use, day and night, conveniences, which conform to the rules of hygiene and are maintained in a constant state of cleanliness. In any camps in which women prisoners of war are accommodated, separate conveniences shall be provided for them.
Also, apart from the baths and showers with which the camps shall be furnished, prisoners of war shall be provided with sufficient water and soap for their personal toilet and for washing their personal laundry; the necessary installations, facilities and time shall be granted them for that purpose. Every camp shall have an adequate infirmary where prisoners of war may have the attention they require, as well as appropriate diet. Isolation wards shall, if necessary, be set aside for cases of contagious or mental disease.
Prisoners of war suffering from serious disease or whose condition necessitates special treatment, a surgical operation or hospital care, must be admitted to any military or civilian medical unit where such treatment can be given, even if their repatriation is contemplated in the near future. Special facilities shall be afforded for the care to be given to the disabled, in particular to the blind and for their rehabilitation, pending repatriation.
Prisoners of war shall have the attention, preferably of medical personnel of the Power on which they depend and, if possible, of their nationality. Prisoners of war may not be prevented from presenting themselves to medical authorities for examination. Medical inspections of prisoners of war shall be held at least once a month. They shall include the checking and the recording of the weight of each prisoner of war.
Their purpose shall be, in particular, to supervise the general state of health, nutrition and cleanliness of prisoners and to detect contagious diseases, especially tuberculosis, malaria and venereal disease. For this purpose the most efficient methods available shall be employed, e. Prisoners of war who, though not attached to the medical service of their armed forces, are physicians, surgeons, dentists, nurses or medical orderlies, may be required by the Detaining Power to exercise their medical function in the interests of prisoners of war dependent of the same Power.
Full text of "leondumoulin.nl"
In that case they shall continue to be prisoners of war, but shall receive the same treatment as corresponding medicinal personnel retained by the Detaining Power. They shall be exempted from any other work under Article Members of the medical personnel and chaplains while retained by the detaining power with a view to assisting prisoners of war shall not be considered prisoners of war. They shall, however, receive as a minimum the benefits and protection of the present convention. Prisoners of war shall enjoy complete latitude in the exercise of their religious duties, including attendance at the service of their faith, on condition that they comply with the disciplinary routine prescribed by the military authorities.
Adequate premises shall be provided where religious services may be held. While respecting the individual preferences of every prisoner, the Detaining Power shall encourage the practice of intellectual, educational and recreational pursuits, sports and games amongst prisoners and shall take the measures necessary to ensure the exercise thereof by providing them with adequate premises and necessary equipment.
Every prisoner of war shall be put under the immediate authority of a responsible commissioned officer belonging to the regular armed forces of the Detaining Power. Such officer shall have in his possession a copy of the present Convention; he shall ensure that its provisions are known to the camp staff and the guards shall be responsible, under the direction of his government, for its application.
Prisoners of war, with the exception of officers, must salute and show to all officers of the Detaining Power the external marks of respect provided for by the regulations applying to their own forces officer prisoners of war are bound to salute only officers of a higher rank of the Detaining Power; they must, however, salute the camp commander regardless of his rank.
The wearing of badges of rank and nationality, as well as of decorations, shall be permitted. In every camp, the text of the present Convention and its Annexes and the contents of any special agreement provided for in Article 6 shall be posted, in the prisoners' own language, in places where all may read them. Copies shall be supplied, on request, to the prisoners who cannot have access to the copy which has been posted. Regulations, orders, notices and publications of every kind relating to the conduct of prisoners of war shall be issued to them in a language which they understand.
Such regulations, orders and publications shall be posted in the manner described above and copies shall be handed to the prisoners' representative. Every order and command addressed to prisoners of war individually must l ik ewise be given in a language which they understand. The Detaining Power may utilize the labor of prisoners of war who are physically fit, taking into account their age, sex, rank and physical aptitude and with a view particularly to maintaining them in a good state of physical and mental health. Noncommissioned officers who are prisoners of war shall only be required to do supervisory work.
Those not so required may ask for other suitable work which shall, so far as possible, be found for them. If officers or persons of equivalent status ask for suitable work, it shall be found for them, so far as possible, but they may under no circumstances be compelled to work. Besides work connected with camp administration, installation or maintenance, prisoners of war may be compelled to do only, such work as is included in the following classes: Should the above provisions be infringed, prisoners of war shall be allowed to exercise their right of complaint, in conformity with Article Unless he be a volunteer, no prisoner of war may be employed on labor which is of an unhealthy or dangerous nature.
No prisoners of war shall be assigned to labor, which would be looked upon as humiliating for a member of the Detaining Power's own forces. The removal of mines or similar devices shall be considered as dangerous labor. Immediately upon capture, or not more than one week after arrival at a camp, even if it is a transit camp, likewise in case of sickness or transfer to hospital or to another camp, every prisoners of war shall be enabled to write direct to his family, on the one hand and to the Central Prisoners of War Agency provided for in Article , on the other hand, a card similar, if possible, to the model annexed to the present Convention, informing his relatives of his capture, address and state of health.
The said cards shall be forwarded as rapidly as possible and may not be delayed in any manner. Prisoners of war shall be allowed to send and receive letters and cards. If the Detaining Power deems it necessary to limit the number of letters and cards sent by each prisoner of war, the said number shall not be less than two letters and four cards monthly, exclusive of capture cards provided for in Article 70 and conforming as closely as possible to the models annexed to the present Convention.
Further limitations may be imposed only if the Protecting Power is satisfied that it would be in the interests of the prisoners of war concerned to do so owing to difficulties of translation caused by the Detaining Power's inability to find sufficient qualified linguists to carry out the necessary censorship. If limitations must be placed on the correspondence addressed to prisoners of war, they may be ordered only by the Power on which the prisoner 13 depends, possibly at the request of the Detaining Power. Such letters and cards must be conveyed by the most rapid method at the disposal of the Detaining Power; they may not be delayed or retained for disciplinary reasons.
Prisoners of war shall be allowed to receive by post or by any other means individual parcels or collective shipments containing, in particular, food-stuffs, clothing, medical supplies and articles of religious, educational or recreational character which may meet their needs, including books, devotional articles, scientific equipment, examination papers, musical instruments, sports outfits and material allowing prisoners of war to pursue their studies or their cultural activities. The censoring of correspondence addressed to prisoners of war or dispatched by them shall be done as quickly as possible.
Mail shall be censored only by the dispatching State and the receiving State, and once only by each. The examination of consignments intended for prisoners of war shall not be carried out under conditions that will expose the goods printed or matter, it shall be done in the presence of the addressee, or of a fellow-prisoner duly delegated by him.
The delivery to prisoners of individual or collective consignments shall not be delayed under the pretext of difficulties of censorship. Any prohibition of correspondence ordered by Parties to the conflict, either for military or political reason, shall be only temporary and its duration shall be as short as possible. Prisoners of war shall have the right to make known to the military authorities in whose power they are, their requests regarding the conditions of captivity to which they are subjected. They shall also have the unrestricted right to apply to the representatives of the Protecting Powers either through their prisoners representative or, if they consider it necessary, direct, in order to draw their attention to any points on which they may have complaints to make regarding their conditions of captivity.
These requests and complaints shall not be limited nor considered to be a part of the correspondence quota referred to in Article They must be transmitted immediately. Even if they are recognized to be unfounded, they may not give rise to any punishment. Prisoners' representatives may send periodic reports on the situation in the camps and the needs of the prisoners of war to the representatives of the Protecting Powers.
In all places where there are prisoners of war, except in those where there are officers the prisoners shall freely elect by secret ballot, every six months and also in cases of vacancies, prisoners represented entrusted with representing them before the military authorities, the protecting powers the international committee of the red cross and any other organization which may assist them.
In camps for officers one shall 14 assist him or more advisors chosen by the officers; in mixed camps, his assistants shall be chosen from among those prisoners of war who are not officers. Every representative must be approved by the detaining power before he has the right to commence his duties. Where the detaining power refuses to approve a prisoner of war elected by his fellow prisoners of war, it must inform the protecting power of the reason for refusal. In all cases the prisoner representative must have the same nationality, and language and customs as the prisoners of war for which he represents.
Thus prisoners of war distributed in different sections of the camp according to their nationality language and customs shall have for their section their own prisoner representative, in accordance with the fore going paragraphs. Prisoners' representatives shall not be required to perform any other work, if the accomplishment of their duties is thereby made more difficult.
Prisoners' representatives may appoint from amongst the prisoners such assistants as they may require. All material facilities shall be granted them, particularly a certain freedom of movement necessary for the accomplishment of their duties inspection of labor detachments, receipt of supplies, etc. Prisoner representatives shall be permitted to visit premises where prisoners of war are detained, and every prisoner of war shall have the right to consult freely his prisoners' representative.
All facilities shall likewise be accorded to the prisoners' representatives for communication by post and telegraph with the detaining authorities, the Protecting Powers, the International Committee of the Red Cross and their delegates, the Mixed Medical Commissions and representatives of labor detachments shall enjoy the same facilities for communication with the prisoners' representatives of the principal camp.
Such communications shall not be restricted, nor considered as forming a part of the quota mentioned in Article Prisoners' representatives who are transferred shall be allowed a reasonable time to acquaint their successors with current affairs. In case of dismissal, the reasons therefore shall be communicated to the Protecting Power. A prisoner of war shall be subject to the laws, regulations and orders in force in the armed forces of the Detaining Power; the Detaining Power shall be justified in taking judicial or disciplinary measures in respect of any offense committed by a prisoner of war against such laws, regulations or orders.
However, no proceedings or punishments contrary to the provisions of this Chapter shall be allowed. If any law, regulation or order of the Detaining Power shall declare acts committed by a prisoner of war to be punishable, whereas the same acts would not be punishable if committed by a member of the forces of the Detaining Power, such acts shall entail disciplinary punishment only. Certain nations have important reservations of this article. If it suits the purpose, the country making the reservation can interpret the normal combat duties of a soldier as war crimes.
The disciplinary punishments applicable to prisoners of war are the following: In no case shall disciplinary punishments be inhuman, brutal or dangerous to the health of prisoners of war. The duration of any single disciplinary punishment shall in no case exceed 30 days. Any period of confinement awaiting the hearing of a disciplinary offense or the award of disciplinary punishment shall be deducted from an award pronounced against a prisoner of war. The maximum of 30 days provided above may not be exceeded, even if the prisoner of war is answerable for several acts at the same time when he is awarded punishment, whether such acts are related or not.
The period between the pronouncing of an award of disciplinary punishment and its execution shall not exceed one month. When a prisoner of war is awarded a further disciplinary punishment, a period of at least three days shall elapse-between the execution of any two of the punishments, if the duration of one of these are ten days or more.
The escape of a prisoner of war shall be deemed to have succeeded when: Prisoners of war who have made attempts to escape in the sense of this Article and who are recaptured, shall not be liable to any punishment in respect of their previous escape. A prisoner of war who attempts to escape and is recaptured before having made good his escape in the sense of Article 91 shall be liable only to a disciplinary punishment in respect of this act, even if it is a repeated offense. A prisoner of war who is recaptured shall be handed over without delay to the competent military authority.
Article 88, fourth paragraph, notwithstanding, prisoners of war punished as a result of an unsuccessful escape shall be subjected to special surveillance. Such surveillance shall not affect the state of their health, must be undergone in a prisoner of war camp and must not entail the suppression of any of the safeguards granted them by the present Convention.
Offenses committed by PWs with the sole intention of facilitating their escape and which do not entail any violence against life or limb, such as offenses against public property, theft without intention of self-enrichment, the drawing up of false papers or the wearing of civilian clothing shall occasion disciplinary punishment only. The use of weapons against PWs, especially those attempting to escape, shall constitute an extreme by warnings.
Killing during an escape can be punished by death. If an escape is successful and the successful escapee is later recaptured, he may be subject to judicial action for those offenses entailing violence to life or limb or not otherwise within Article 93, GPW.
It should be noted that a soldier successfully effecting an escape is again a combatant his legal status and subject to the law of war.
- Navigation menu.
- Working Across Boundaries: Making Collaboration Work in Government and Nonprofit Organizations (Joss.
- Olivia Goes to Venice.
- Untouchable Employee.
Killing of civilians or other breaches of the Conventions, to effect his escape subject him to prosecution under the Uniform Code of Military Justice. Escape or attempt to escape, even if it is a repeated offense, shall not be deemed an aggravating circumstance if the prisoner of war is subjected to trial by judicial proceedings in respect of an offense committed during his escape or attempt to escape.
In conformity with the principle stated in Article 83, offenses committed by prisoners of war with the sole intention of facilitating their escape and which do not entail any violence against life or limb, such as offenses against public property, theft without intention of self-enrichment, the drawing up of false papers or the wearing of civilian clothing, shall occasion disciplinary punishment only. Prisoners of war shall not in any case be transferred to penitentiary establishments prisons, penitentiaries, convict prisons, etc.
All premises in which disciplinary punishments are undergone shall conform to the sanitary requirements set forth in Article A prisoner of war undergoing punishment shall be enabled to keep himself in a state of cleanliness, in conformity with Article Officers and persons of equivalent status shall not be lodged in the same quarters as non- commissioned officers or men. Women prisoners of war undergoing disciplinary punishment shall be confined in separate quarters from male prisoners of war and shall be under the immediate supervision of women.
Representatives or delegates of the Protecting Powers shall have permission to go to all places where prisoners of war may be, particularly to places of interment, imprisonment and labor, and shall have access to all premises occupied by prisoners of war; they shall also be allowed to go to the places of departure, passage and arrival of prisoners who are being transferred. They shall be able to interview the prisoners, and in particular the prisoners' representatives, without 17 witnesses, either personally or through an interpreter. Representatives and delegates of the Protecting Powers shall have full liberty to select the places they wish to visit.
The duration and frequency of these visits shall not be restricted. Visits may not be prohibited except for reasons of imperative military necessity, and then only as an exceptional and temporary measure. The Detaining Power and the Power on which the said prisoners of war depend may agree, if necessary, that compatriots of these prisoners of war be permitted to participate in the visits.
The delegates of the International Committee of the Red Cross shall enjoy the same prerogatives. The appointment of such delegates shall be submitted to the approval of the Power detaining the prisoners of war to be visited. Use of contemptuous words by an officer against the President, Vice-President or other government official specifically identified. Disrespect by any member of the Armed Forces of his superior commissioned officer. Disobedience by any member of the Armed Forces of his superior commissioned officer. Insubordinate conduct by any warrant officer or enlisted member of the Armed Forces toward a warrant officer, non-commissioned officer or petty officer while that officer is in the execution of their office.
Mutiny or sedition by any member of the Armed Forces. Misbehavior before the enemy by any member of the Armed Forces.
Robert Mark
Compelling the surrender of command, without proper authority, by any member 18 of the Armed Forces. This article includes communicating or holding any intercourse with the enemy without proper authority to do so. Misconduct by any member of the Armed Forces while held as a prisoner of war. The general article concerning conduct unbecoming an officer. The general article applicable to all members of the Armed Forces which concerns conduct prejudicial to the good order and discipline in the Armed Forces and conduct of a nature likely to bring discredit upon the Armed Forces of the United States.
Drink as much water as possible min 2 quarts per day to maintain fluid level. Exertion, heat, injury or illnesses requires a greater need for water intake. Pale yellow urine indieates adequate hydration. Water Procurement 3 Subsurface wells and eistems. Water Indicators 20 a Abundance of lush green vegetation. Obtaining water from snow or iee: Cloth absorbs rain running down tree and drips into container see Figure VII Let sap stop running and harden during the daytime. Water Vines and Green Bamboo h Along the coast, obtain water by: Transpiration Bag 24 3.
Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape
Water Preparation and Storage a. To prevent contamination, use a clean, covered or sealed container: Snare Placement c Construction of simple loop snare: Procurement Devices 4 Hunting and fishing devices: Procurement Methods 6 Precautions: Cone-shaped shells k Avoid hairy insects, the hairs could cause irritation or infection. Plant Foods Before using the following guide use your evasion chart to identify edible plants: If you cannot positively identify an edible plant and must use an unknown plant, these guidelines may help you determine edibility.
Each part of a plant roots, leaves, stems, bark, etc. Do not waste time testing a plant that is not abundant. Two good examples of this are such familiar foods as green apples and wild onions. Even after testing food and finding it safe, eat in moderation. Using these guidelines in selecting plants for food may eliminate some edible plants; however, these guidelines will help prevent choosing potentially toxic plants. Bracken fern fiddleheads also violate this guideline. Test all parts of the plant for edibility. Some plants have both edible and inedible parts.
Never assume a part that proved edible when cooked is edible raw, test the part raw before eating. The same part or plant may produce varying reactions in different individuals. Remember smell alone does not indicate a plant is edible or inedible. The sap or juice should contact the skin.
Usually 15 minutes is enough time to allow for a reaction. If any ill effects occur rinse out your mouth with water. If any ill effects occur during 31 this period, induce vomiting and drink a water and charcoal mixture. Wait another 8 hours. If no ill effects occur, the plant part as prepared is safe for eating.
Ripe tropical fruits should be peeled and eaten raw. If the fruit is soft, color does not always indicate ripeness. Cook unripe fruits and discard seeds and skin. Cook underground portions if possible to reduce possible bacterial contamination and ease digestion of their generally high starch content. During evasion you may not be able to cook. Concentrate your efforts on leafy green plants, ripe fruits and above ground ripe vegetables not requiring significant preparation.
Animal food gives the greatest food value per pound. Dead insects spoil rapidly, do not save. Some nuts acorns must be leached to remove the bitter taste of tannin. Use one of the following leaching methods: Keeping an animal alive is one method of preserving it. Drying and smoking removes moisture and preserves food: Protecting meat from animals and insects: Soft material acts as insulation helping keep the meat cool.
Wrap soft fruits and berries in leaves or moss. Do not store food in the shelter, it attracts unwanted animals. Evaluate available resources and situation; accomplish individual tasks accordingly. First 24 hours in order of situational needs: Care and Use of Clothing a. Wear loose and layered clothing: On the ocean in hot weather, dampen clothing: Keep clothing dry to maintain its insulation qualities, dry damp clothing in the sun or by a fire.
If you fall into the water in the winter: If no fire is available: Keep clothing clean, dirt reduces its insulation qualities: Examine clothing frequently for damage, and repair when necessary using: Improvised foot protection see Figure VI- 1: Other Protective Equipment k. Sun and snow goggles see Figure VI- 2: Gaiters see Figure VI Gaiters 1 Used to protect from sand, snow, insects, and scratches. Immediate Shelters 37 a In temperate climates, protection from wind and rain is sufficient.
Snow Cave a An enclosed, insulated shelter may be required. An enclosed, elevated shelter is needed for protection from dampness and. Construct a bed to protect from cold, damp ground using: Raised Platform Shelter a. If possible, carry a fire starting device with you. Fuel is divided into three stages; tinder, kindling, and fuel: To get tinder to bum hotter and longer, saturate ith Vaseline, Chapstick, insect repellant, aircraft fuel, etc. Gradually add larger kindling until arriving at the size of fuel to bum.
Use the Teepee Fire to produce a concentrated heat source for cooking, light, or signaling. Log Cabin or Pyramid Fires Note: Use the log cabin fire to produce large amounts of light and heat, to dry out wet wood, and provide coals for cooking, etc. Use fire reflectors to get the most warmth from a fire.
Build fires against rocks or logs see Figure VI- Do not use porous rocks or riverbed rock — they may explode when heated.