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Who said that in space no one can hear you scream? Rob Boffard's Outer Earth series thrilled readers with its no-holds-barred action and adrenaline, as it.
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World History. Science Age of Humans. Future of Space Exploration. Human Behavior.
Richard Matheson
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The first mammal in space was Albert II, a Rhesus monkey. Albert I's mission had been unsuccessful, but the second Albert reached a distance of 83 miles on June 14, Albert was anesthetized during flight and implanted with sensors to measure his vital signs. Unfortunately, Albert II died upon impact at re-entry. While the United States was experimenting with monkeys, the Soviet Union was experimenting with dogs. During the s and s, the Soviet Union had slots for at least 57 dogs. However, because some dogs flew more than once, fewer than 57 actually participated.
The dogs reached space on July 22, , but did not orbit. They were the first mammals successfully recovered from spaceflight.
The animals were the first to actually orbit and return alive. Although the early animal astronauts achieved great fame, many other animals have quietly contributed to the body of scientific knowledge about life in space. As humans have grown more accustomed to space travel, fewer animals make the front-page news.
Still, their contributions are important.
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Some animals have been sent up as part of experiments designed by students, others by NASA and other countries. By , the space shuttle program had flown over two dozen SpaceLab experimental packages. Nearly all of the experiments were designed with one main purpose in mind: to study the effects of microgravity on the biological functions of earth creatures. Some of the biological functions that have been studied are to name just a few : brain states, behavioral performance, cardiovascular status, fluid and electrolyte balance, metabolic state, tissue development, and mating in zero gravity.
July 28, : Two garden spiders named Arabella and Anita were used to study how orbiting earth would impact spiders' ability to spin webs. Arabella spun a fairly symmetric web even though the thread thickness varied — something that earthbound spiders don't experience.
July 10, : Ten newts flew on board the Bion 7. Their front limbs were amputated in order to study regeneration in space to better understand how humans might recover from space injuries. April 17, : More than 2, creatures joined in 16 days of neurological testing alongside the seven-member human crew of the shuttle Columbia. September : Microscopic creatures commonly known as water bears tardigrades survived a day exposure to open space.
The creatures are known to have the ability to withstand extreme conditions, including dehydration, and still recover and reproduce. The animals were dried out and re-hydrated after surviving cosmic rays, a near vacuum, and freezing temperatures. Animals continue to be studied in space today on the International Space Station, and in other facilities.
Earth to Echo () - Plot Summary - IMDb
Some recent experiments include:. Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: community space. Laika, a mixed-breed dog, was the first living being in orbit. She was launched on the Soviet Union's Sputnik 2 mission in November Sputnik and Muttnik Laika was a young, mostly-Siberian husky.
The first animal astronauts Although there is no distinct boundary between the atmosphere and space, an imaginary line about 68 miles kilometers from the surface, called the Karman line, is usually where scientists say Earth's atmosphere meets outer space.
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He died on splashdown when a flotation device failed. Able, a Rhesus monkey, and Baker, a squirrel monkey, were launched together on May 28, They flew miles high and returned unharmed. However, Able died during an operation to remove an electrode from under her skin.