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The Lost Civilization Enigma: A New Inquiry Into the Existence of Ancient Cities, Cultures, and Peoples Who Pre-Date Recorded History [Philip Coppens] on.
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Are history books giving us the whole story? Or is civilization far more complex and for older than we have been taught? Our school textbooks barely mention the 6,year-old Sumerian civilization, yet the latest archaeological findings at sites such as Jericho and, most recently, Gobekli Tepe in Turkey have been dated to 10, BC. Civilization goes back at least another 10, years, if we are willing to believe what our ancestors themselves claimed. Analyzing the historical and archaeological record, best-selling author Philip Coppens demonstrates that there is substantial evidence that civilization is far older, far more advanced, and far more special than is currently accepted.

Clearly, our history books have left out a great deal! This second riddle is also found in a Gascon version of the myth and could be very ancient. Bested at last, the Sphinx then threw herself from her high rock and died.

What is Sanxingdui? Back to the lost civilization of 3000 years ago

An alternative version tells that she devoured herself. In both cases, Oedipus can therefore be recognized as a " liminal " or threshold figure, helping effect the transition between the old religious practices, represented by the death of the Sphinx, and the rise of the new, Olympian gods. In Jean Cocteau 's retelling of the Oedipus legend, The Infernal Machine , the Sphinx tells Oedipus the answer to the riddle in order to kill herself so that she did not have to kill anymore, and also to make him love her.

He leaves without ever thanking her for giving him the answer to the riddle. The scene ends when the Sphinx and Anubis ascend back to the heavens. There are mythic, anthropological, psychoanalytic and parodic interpretations of the Riddle of the Sphinx, and of Oedipus's answer to it. Sigmund Freud describes "the question of where babies come from" as a riddle of the Sphinx. Numerous riddle books use the Sphinx in their title or illustrations. Michael Maier , in his book the Atalanta Fugiens [22] writes the following remark about the Sphinx's riddle, in which he states that its solution is the Philosopher's Stone :.

Sphinx is indeed reported to have had many Riddles, but this offered to Oedipus was the chief, "What is that which in the morning goeth upon four feet; upon two feet in the afternoon; and in the Evening upon three?

Quest for the Lost Civilisation

But they who interpret concerning the Ages of Man are deceived. For a Quadrangle of Four Elements are of all things first to be considered, from thence we come to the Hemisphere having two lines, a Right and a Curve, that is, to the White Luna; from thence to the Triangle which consists of Body, Soul and Spirit, or Sol, Luna and Mercury. Sphinxes on the Lycian sarcophagus of Sidon BC. A composite mythological being with the body of a lion and the head of a human being is present in the traditions, mythology and art of South and Southeast Asia.

Although, just like the "nara-simha", he has a head of a lion and the body of a human. In contrast to the sphinxes in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Greece, of which the traditions largely have been lost due to the discontinuity of the civilization, [25] the traditions related to the "Asian sphinxes" are very much alive today.

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The earliest artistic depictions of "sphinxes" from the South Asian subcontinent are to some extent influenced by Hellenistic art and writings. These hail from the period when Buddhist art underwent a phase of Hellenistic influence. Numerous sphinxes can be seen on the gateways of Bharhut stupa, dating to the 1st century B. In South India, the "sphinx" is known as purushamriga Sanskrit or purushamirugam Tamil , meaning "human-beast". It is found depicted in sculptural art in temples and palaces where it serves an apotropaic purpose, just as the "sphinxes" in other parts of the ancient world.

It is therefore often found in a strategic position on the gopuram or temple gateway, or near the entrance of the sanctum sanctorum. The purushamriga plays a significant role in daily as well as yearly ritual of South Indian Shaiva temples. In the shodhasha-upakaara or sixteen honors ritual, performed between one and six times at significant sacred moments through the day, it decorates one of the lamps of the diparadhana or lamp ceremony.

And in several temples the purushamriga is also one of the vahana or vehicles of the deity during the processions of the Brahmotsava or festival. In Kanya Kumari district, in the southernmost tip of the Indian subcontinent, during the night of Shiva Ratri , devotees run 75 kilometres while visiting and worshiping at twelve Shiva temples.

This Shiva Ottam or Run for Shiva is performed in commemoration of the story of the race between the Sphinx and Bhima , one of the heroes of the epic Mahabharata. The Indian conception of a sphinx that comes closest to the classic Greek idea is in the concept of the Sharabha , a mythical creature, part lion, part man and part bird, and the form of Sharabha that god Shiva took on to counter Narasimha 's violence. In Sri Lanka and India , [ citation needed ] the sphinx is known as narasimha or man-lion. As a sphinx, it has the body of a lion and the head of a human being, and is not to be confused with Narasimha , the fourth reincarnation of the deity Vishnu ; this avatar or incarnation is depicted with a human body and the head of a lion.

The "sphinx" narasimha is part of the Buddhist tradition and functions as a guardian of the northern direction and also was depicted on banners.

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In Burma , the sphinx is known as manussiha manuthiha. It is depicted on the corners of Buddhist stupas , and its legends tell how it was created by Buddhist monks to protect a new-born royal baby from being devoured by ogresses. Nora Nair, Norasingh and Thep Norasingh are three of the names under which the "sphinx" is known in Thailand.

They are depicted as upright walking beings with the lower body of a lion or deer, and the upper body of a human.

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Often they are found as female-male pairs. Here, too, the sphinx serves a protective function. It also is enumerated among the mythological creatures that inhabit the ranges of the sacred mountain Himapan. The revived Mannerist sphinx of the late 15th century is sometimes thought of as the "French sphinx". Her coiffed head is erect and she has the breasts of a young woman.

Often she wears ear drops and pearls as ornaments. Her body is naturalistically rendered as a recumbent lioness. Such sphinxes were revived when the grottesche or "grotesque" decorations of the unearthed Domus Aurea of Nero were brought to light in late 15th-century Rome, and she was incorporated into the classical vocabulary of arabesque designs that spread throughout Europe in engravings during the 16th and 17th centuries.

Sphinxes were included in the decoration of the loggia of the Vatican Palace by the workshop of Raphael —20 , which updated the vocabulary of the Roman grottesche. Sphinxes are a feature of the neoclassical interior decorations of Robert Adam and his followers, returning closer to the undressed style of the grottesche. They had an equal appeal to artists and designers of the Romanticism and subsequent Symbolism movements in the 19th century.

Most of these sphinxes alluded to the Greek sphinx and the myth of Oedipus , rather than the Egyptian, although they may not have wings. The sphinx imagery has historically been adopted into Masonic architecture and symbology. Among the Egyptians, sphinxes were placed at the entrance of the temples to guard their mysteries, by warning those who penetrated within that they should conceal a knowledge of them from the uninitiated. If you are a new user Register login. Help Center. Exchange offer not applicable. New product price is lower than exchange product price.


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