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The learning theory of language acquisition suggests that children learn a language much like they learn to tie their shoes or how to count; through repetition and reinforcement. The interactionist approach (sociocultural theory) combines ideas from sociology and biology to explain how language is developed.
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You have probably heard of the blank slate concept put forth by Locke.

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It shows that he did not subscribe to the idea that anything was innately known. Everyone began with a blank slate that they had to fill, and that includes language. Everything is learned from our senses. This can be comforting if for no other reason than because you probably feel that is where you are right now with your target language. These three philosophers largely discussed language in passing, not postulating many specifics.

The next four theories are much more language specific.

7 Great Theories About Language Learning by Brilliant Thinkers | FluentU Language Learning

Skinner agreed with Locke and he spent a lot of time developing the Theory of Behaviorism from it. His theory says that all behavior is in response to the stimuli around us. He applied this to language learning through operant conditioning, which used reinforcement and punishment to teach. Noam Chomsky was developing his own ideas while Skinner was working on his Theory of Behaviorism. Chomsky developed the theory of Universal Grammar. Chomsky believed in at least some innate ability in humans for language. His proof was the fact that there are some universal elements in all languages. It simply reinforces that there are similar elements, but does nothing to help identify how to learn everything that is completely dissimilar.

John Schumann looked specifically at how immigrants learn a new language once they relocate. His theory is called the Acculturation Model and addresses language in much more detail than the other theories. Instead of thinking of language learning in terms of learning for pleasure, he examined it when it was a necessity. Immigrants learned a new language with much more pressure from social and psychological areas. It usually meant either success or failure. The same was true if the cultures were similar.

This points out that there are many psychological and social reasons for learning a language — ideas that were not examined by any of the earlier philosophers. Stephen Krashen compiled several theories about language, theories which today are the most often used to describe learning a second language. The following are the primary ideas to take away from his theories.


  • Early Theories.
  • The Search for a Unified Theory of Language Learning.
  • 7 Great Theories About Language Learning by Brilliant Thinkers | FluentU Language Learning?
  • 1. Plato’s Problem!

The primary take away from the theory is that acquiring and learning a language are different, but they can have similar elements. Error correction is essential for both acquisition and learning. While none of these theories may do much to help you actually learn a language, it can make you feel better to know that even the knowledge of learning a language is up for debate.


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You may feel one or two of them more closely works for the way you think, and that can help you better understand how to use that theory to your advantage. Dreaming of learning a new language?

Theories of Language Development

With OptiLingo, you can learn 20 languages in just 20 minutes per day. Sign me up for the newsletter! In addition to these respondents there are operants, reactions occurring without a stimulus.

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The organism deals with its environment in an active way. If the reaction to some situation is followed by reinforcement the probability of a repetition of the same behaviour in similar circumstances is increased. Reinforcer and environment, together, can control the behaviour after a few repetitions. The same considerations hold true for punishment, which decreases the probability for the re-occurrence of a reaction, either by adding a negative stimulus after the reaction or by taking a positive away.

An incidental behaviour that is somehow similar to the target behaviour or an aspect of a complex target behaviour is reinforced. The reinforcement is repeated and narrowed down to the actual target behaviour until the animal arrives at this trained behaviour subsequently. An important ability is to be able to generalise and discriminate different situations. Transferring a reaction to similar situations is necessary, because everybody is faced with numerous unknown situations every day and only reactions to very few of them can be learned in advance.

Discrimination is the ability to distinguish between two similar but different situations, making people able to react in an appropriate way. Greenspoon showed this in an experiment: a person was interviewed and asked to say some random words.


  1. Truth and Normativity: An Inquiry into the Basis of Everyday Moral Claims (Ashgate New Critical Thinking in Philosophy);
  2. I. Introduction.
  3. Language Acquisition;
  4. My Journey To The Other Side.
  5. Table of Contents.
  6. Two Theories of Language Acquisition;

    7. In the course of the experiment, the probability for plural nouns to occur increased remarkably. Lena Linden Author. Add to cart. Table of Contents I. Introduction II. The debate between Chomsky and Piaget VI.

    Theories of the early stages of language acquisition

    Conclusion VII. Bibliography I. Sign in to write a comment. Read the ebook. Anglistik - Sonstiges First and second language acquisition. Germanistik - Linguistik Neurolinguistische Theorien des Zweit Publish now - it's free.

    CHILD LANGUAGE ACQUISITION: Key Theories

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