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Dusk occurs after sunset, once the top of the Sun has passed the horizon Twilight is the name given to the period between dawn and sunrise.
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During a hour period, the Sun goes all the way around the sky at almost the same height. Around the beginning of spring, as seen from a pole , the Sun gets about 0. The apparent diameter of the Sun in the sky is about 0. The same holds for sunset. During those 30 hours, the Sun moves all the way around the horizon, and then some, so if you look at the Sun for all of that time, then you'll have looked in the direction of all continents and oceans. Seeing the Sun at Night. It is night when you are in the shadow of the Earth. The umbral shadow of the Earth is at most as wide as the Earth itself, and gets narrower the further it gets from the Earth, so if you go high enough above the Earth, then you get back into sunlight, even when it is night on the ground.

However, you'll have to stand on top of an extremely tall building if you want to see the Sun for a lot longer every day in this way. If you stand on a building of m ft tall, then you would see the Sun set only about 3 minutes later than you would if you were on the ground assuming that you have a clear view of the horizon when you are on the ground , and if you want to double the extra time that you can see the Sun , then you have to go find a building that is four times as tall. If you'd want to see the Sun when it is only about 10 degrees below the horizon as seen from the ground about an hour after sunset , then you'd have to be km 60 mi above the ground!

The formulas that go with this are as follows. Multiply km by 0.

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The Sun sets at a speed of roughly about 10 degrees per hour, so the Sun is one degree below the horizon after only about 6 minutes, and after that time the night has risen a kilometer from the ground already, and it keeps going up faster and faster. The Highest Sun.

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For places outside of the tropics i. At the poles , the Sun cannot get higher above the horizon than 23 degrees. The Sun attains this greatest height at midsummer's day, which at the South Pole happens around 21 December, and at the North Pole around 21 June. For places between the tropics i. At the equator, the greatest height is reached at the equinoxes 21 March and 23 September. It is day when you are on the side of the Earth that faces the Sun , and it is night when you are on the side of the Earth that faces away from the Sun. The Earth turns around its own axis which runs from the North Pole through the center of the Earth to the South Pole in about 24 hours , and as the world turns you are carried into the sunlight and then into the darkness, and the same the next day, and so on.

You can play Earth-and- Sun yourself at night in your room.

View sunrise and sunset times in any location, on any day

Take an apple or any other small round thing to your room and turn off all the lights except for one. It works best if the one light that you turn on is a bulb and not one of those long tubes. You can also use a flashlight US or torch UK. Imagine that the apple is the Earth, and the lamp that's on is the Sun.

Put a mark somewhere on the apple to show where you are on the Earth, or pick a mark that's already there. Then rotate the apple around so that the mark is sometimes in the light and sometimes in the shadow. When the mark is in the light, then it is daytime there, and when the mark is in the dark, then it is nighttime. Each time you turn the apple all the way around, one more day has passed on it. That's all there is to it. It works just the same for the real Earth and the real Sun. Equal Length for Day and Night. At the beginning of spring and autumn usually on 21 March and 23 September the Sun stands straight above the equator and then it is daytime for 12 hours and nighttime for 12 hours everywhere on Earth.

Those days are called the equinoxes.

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Exactly at the North Pole and the South Pole is is daytime for 6 months and nighttime for 6 months. Those are the polar day and polar night. You can only have 12 hours of daytime and 12 hours of nighttime in a period of 24 hours everywhere on Earth if that is also the case at the poles , so this can only happen on the two days of the year that the poles switch between day and night, and that happens only at the beginning of spring and autumn, on 21 March and 23 September.

Only then is there a right angle between the rotation axis of the Earth and the direction towards the Sun , and only then are the poles on the boundary line between day and night.


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At the equator, every day and every night is 12 hours long, because the Sun rises straight up and sets straight down, so the circle that the Sun traverses above the horizon and below the horizon is split into two equal parts by the horizon, and so each part takes the same amount of time. I wrote above that the length of the day and night are 12 hours at the equator and at the equinoxes , but that does not seem to match with the times of sunrise and sunset that I provide in the associated tables. The discrepancy comes from the use of slightly different definitions of night and day.

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The sunrise and sunset tables are based on the definition that the day starts or ends when the top of the disk of the Sun touches the horizon if the ground is level all around you up to the horizon and you are on the ground , taking into account the average refraction of light by the atmosphere. The claim that night and day are symmetric i. The effects of looking at the top of the Sun and taking the atmosphere into account are both such that the day becomes longer and the night shorter. However, both of those effects depend on which planet you're on, because the size of the disk of the Sun depends on how far away you are from the Sun, and by how much refraction of light lifts up the image of the Sun depends on the properties of the atmosphere.

To get a basic understanding of night and day and how their lengths change with the seasons , it is best to emphasize the symmetry. To get the best fit with what newspapers and other casual sources of times of sunset and sunrise report, you must take into account the two effects that I mentioned. In most cases the difference is just a few minutes.

Only in situations where the Sun goes up or down very slowly in the sky near sunset or sunrise i. Not making this difference explicit everywhere is a bit sloppy, but, as you can tell, explaining it takes some time and draws the attention away from the point that I'm trying to make about day and night in the text where I'm being sloppy. Average Length of Day and Night. If you neglect small deviations, then the average length of days and nights over a whole year is 12 hours.

The small deviations that make the averages differ a bit from 12 hours are:. I don't know offhand exactly how large these deviations are, but I expect that it won't be more than a few minutes except maybe near the poles.

Sunrise and Sunset times

The Direction of the Sun. In the Netherlands and Belgium we never see the Sun towards the north, because the Sun seems to rotate around the Earth roughly above the equator , and as seen from here the equator lies to the south. The Sun doesn't really rotate around the Earth , actually the Earth rotates around its own axis, but that doesn't make a difference in this case. The same holds also for all other places north of the tropics but south of the northern polar circle.

It is just the opposite in Australia and other regions south of the tropics but north of the southern polar circle: there, the equator is to the north and so the Sun is never due south. And in the tropics near the equator the Sun always passes almost straight overhead. In the polar regions you have polar days, when the Sun does not set for at least 24 hours. During such a polar day the Sun goes around the sky once every 24 hours, and is then one time due north and one time due south.

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The difference between the directions of sunrise and sunset is about degrees only at the equinoxes around 21 March and 23 September. In the summer half of the year the Sun moves more than degrees between sunrise and sunset as measured along the horizon , and in the winter half of the year the Sun moves less than degrees. At 50 degrees north latitude on June 8th, the Sun moves about Half a year later at that same latitude, the Sun moves only about degrees along the horizon between sunrise and sunset.

An object's shadow always points in the opposite direction from where the source of light is. For example, in the late afternoon the Sun tends to be roughly towards the west, so shadows outlined by sunlight then point roughly towards the east. However, the exact location of the Sun in the late afternoon depends a lot on the season , the exact time of day, and on your geographical latitude, so the direction of a shadow outlined by sunlight is likewise variable.

You can find the direction of the Sun at sunrise or sunset on the Solar Position Tables Page , or find how to calculate the direction for any time on the Solar Position Calculation Page. Figure 1 shows where in the sky the Sun is during the year , as seen from a location at Each curve that begins at the horizon on the left, then goes up and to the right, and then down and to the right back to the horizon shows the path of the Sun for a whole day between sunrise and sunset at the beginning of a calendar month.

The first letter of the months is indicated in the middle. The blue curves are for January through June, and the red curves for July through December. The numbers 5 through 20 along the topmost curve indicate whole hours o'clock in Central European Standard Time.

In summer the clock shows 1 hour later than the numbers displayed in the figure. The 8-shaped closed curves for each hour show the path of the Sun in the sky for the whole year if you look at the Sun's position every day at that hour. That 8-shaped curve is called the analemma. In the blue part the Sun moves up, and in the red part the Sun moves down. Using Figure 1 , you can determine at what time the Sun shines directly into your garden or kitchen window or onto your front door. For this you need to know the orientation of your house relative to the south.

Determine which side of your house faces south the most. If you're standing with your back against that side and look straight ahead, then how many degrees west or east of south are you looking? Count degrees to the west of south positive, and degrees east of south negative. You can determine this direction using a map of the surroundings of your house, or using Figure 1.

If you want to use Figure 1 for that, then see at what time the Sun stands directly in front of that wall and look for that time subtract 1 hour if it is Daylight Savings Time and the right time of year in the figure. Go down to the horizontal axis, where you can read your azimuth. Figure 2 shows a house with a garden.