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A novel Chicago, Shaping the Story revolves around Sam Garfield, a Pulitzer Prize winning Shaping the Story: An Urban Novel. One City, One Year.
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Over the past decade, a growing number of cities are recognising that in order to maximise the economic, social and cultural value of music, it must be considered in land use, regeneration, tourism, education and economic-development policies. This emerging field has created a new moniker — music cities — for places that think about music in policy, rather than simply enjoy it in practice.

And those cities are creating this new music urbanism.

Shaping Australia’s future cities

Thinking about music in this manner — as a deliberate and intentional policy — is new. Traditionally, cities have tended to interact with music in two primary capacities: through licensing sound and noise and creating musical experiences, including festivals, community events and tourist opportunities. But, in both cases, this historical focus is narrow. There is no direct link to the holistic value of music on communities. This is what music urbanism addresses.

Along with breweries, outdoor space and walkability, music is a core urban indicator. Musical participation increases access and promotes health benefits ; it creates jobs and supports a wide number of sectors, from food and beverage to retail. Music in public transit can calm commuters' nerves. These outcomes are wider than regulation and tourism.

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Viewed as a whole — as a music urban ecosystem — strategising its input and output can increase value, improve communities and drive investment. Examined across a lifespan, music is an ecosystem that can improve all our lives. Exposing infants, toddlers and children to music has many benefits.

The Audio Walking Tour

Music in school demands cognitive, organizational and management skills; children in bands and choirs must work well with others, and showing up is a prerequisite. In our built environment, as we live in denser communities, better building codes, materials and streetscaping creates places for interaction, congregation and spontaneity. Festivals in and of themselves are pop-up urban places; supporting them can provide permanent facilities for the communities around them, as in the case of Nyege Nyege in Uganda. Music can be a tool to engage communities to tackle issues of prejudice, discrimination and unrest.

In Madison, Wisconsin, a music and equity task force has widened a needed conversation about institutional racism. But these initiatives are siloed and approach music as a solution to a particular problem; not as a core strategic element in developing, fostering and maintaining community cohesion and economic growth. Many cities, regions and towns are in the process of developing music strategies.

The best examples are those focusing on music as a holistic, community benefit, across economic development, tourism and inclusive growth. In France, the state is setting up a Center for National Music , tasked with researching the impact of music on each region. One of the most active, the Loire, collects economic data on the value of its music sector.

In the United States, aside from Nashville and Austin who have longstanding music policies , two dozen cities are leading the practice of music urbanism. What was that like? Beginning in , I worked for three years as an urban planner in Yemen.


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I was based in Sana'a and my official job was to advise the government and write reports for the UN. But Sana'a at the time was growing 7 percent per year. My real job quickly turned into helping to plan and trace on the ground enough streets so that as the city expanded, people could have easy access to the city. We would discuss where the streets would go such that everyone had access to the broader street network, typically following property lines.

A key part of the discussion involved street widths. The wider the streets, the more land they would lose. On the other hand, they knew that wider streets would give their land more value. So we would talk as I sketched and laid out markers on the ground. Within an hour, we would reach a decision, and a street was planned and traced directly across fields.

That was, by far, the most useful thing I did in Yemen: Increasing the supply of land in a way that would allow the labor market of Sana'a to work. This would allow more people to access any part of the city in the shortest time possible. Sometimes when I read the papers of my fellow urban planners, I get the sense that they think cities are Disneyland or Club Med. Cities are labor markets. People go to cities to find a good job. Firms move to cities, which are expensive, because they are more likely to find the staff and specialists that they need.

But basically, they come to get a job. This is one of the lessons I learned when I worked in China in the early s, when it was still very much a command economy. There were no labor markets. People would get a job in a state factory, and they would stay there for life. The factory would provide housing next door. Similarly, state factories were stuck where they were, with the workers they had. There was an enormous mismatch between employees and employers and everyone was worse off. Some of the most interesting stories you tell fall in these times of transition, as command economies like the Soviet Union, China, and Vietnam transitioned to market economies.

What was it like working as an urban planner in those cities? In a way, the dream of every urban planner or architect is to not be constrained by the market. You believe, as an architect or as a planner, that you alone could efficiently allocate land uses and densities, just like designing a house.

Stories • Actors of Urban Change

I quickly realized that if you do not have prices to guide you, you end up relying on arbitrary norms. For example, in China, the central government decided that every home must have one full hour of sunshine each day. So you would plug in the height, latitude, and angle of the sun at winter solstice for your site, and that would formulaically spit out the permitted density of housing.

This was not an entirely silly idea! You try to find something that sounds scientific.

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Starting in , the city has tried to eliminate food waste through a ban on scraps that requires uneaten food be put in a special bin for recycling rather than the garbage. Together, the plans aim to keep Vancouver a place where citizens can enjoy a clean, beautiful city. Since its inception in , the program has been shown to substantially cut fatal overdoses. Stockholm has strived to make itself a city that is thoroughly accessible through bike and foot, while trying to wean itself off reliance on car travel. Where cars are necessary in Stockholm, there is already a plan in place to reduce road deaths through a focus on safety regulations.

After Hurricane Sandy devastated New York in , the city was delivered a harsh reminder that it would have to adapt to the threat of violent weather and climate change. A far-reaching initiative, the plan involves building barriers against storms , as well as ensuring that power plants and hospitals are prepared for disaster. Proposed construction also involves such ambitious projects as retractable flood walls that function as art installations when not in use. As a means of unclogging foot traffic during peak hours of the commute, the city-state of Singapore implemented an initiative in that gave free subway fares to riders who left a little earlier in the morning.

If you could make it out of the system by a. Originally intended to only run a year, it has been repeatedly extended due to its success.