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Table of contents
- How to Build Self-Conscious Artificial Intelligence | WIRED
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- Child Development by Age
- 5.1. Theories of Self Development
The Guttmacher Institute reports that teenage pregnancy has declined significantly over the last 20 years, partly because more teens were using birth control, and partly because more teens were waiting longer to have sex. Teens who feel comfortable talking openly to a parent or another adult about sex may be less likely to go through an unplanned pregnancy or contract an STD. Parents of teens should encourage honest discussions of sexuality and answer questions as frankly as possible.
Every family has its own values and beliefs about sexual activity in the teenage years. The important thing is that these beliefs are communicated clearly and that the opportunity to talk is always left open. Kaiser Family Foundation.
Teens who are just entering the world of dating and sexuality need to know that no one should ever force them to do something that makes them feel uncomfortable. That can range from peer pressure to dating violence. According to the CDC, teen dating violence is defined as physical, sexual, psychological, or emotional violence within a dating relationship, including stalking. While teen dating violence is not the norm, it does represent a significant risk for teens. In a study of national youth risk behaviors , 10 percent of high school students reported physical victimization and 10 percent reported sexual victimization from a dating partner in the 12 months before they were surveyed.
There are several risk factors that make it more likely that your teen will experience dating violence or continue an unhealthy relationship. These include:.
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- How to Build Self-Conscious Artificial Intelligence | WIRED;
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- How to Build a Self-Conscious Machine.
If your teen exhibits symptoms of anxiety and depression, substance abuse, or suicidal thoughts, their relationship might be one source of the problems. Along with the pressures to date and have sex, teens often face pressure from their peers to try drugs or alcohol. Neurological studies of the adolescent brain indicate that teens might be more likely to experiment with drugs than adults because of differences in their brain development. Meanwhile, the amygdala, the part of the brain that controls impulses and emotions, is still maturing in adolescence, increasing the urge to take risks.
In your teens, your life as an adult may seem impossibly far away. With so much time ahead of them, teens might feel that the choices they make today are inconsequential. But in fact, starting to use drugs or alcohol could have severe consequences, not only in the immediate future, but for years to come. Fallibility and the disjointed nature of processing systems will have to be built in by design. We will have to purposefully break systems similar to how nature haphazardly cobbled them together.
We will especially have to simulate a most peculiar feature of this modularity, one that combines with Theory of Mind in a very special way. It is this combination that leads to human consciousness. It is the most important feature in our blueprint for a self-conscious machine. What we have made no progress in doing is understanding what human consciousness is for.
How to Build Self-Conscious Artificial Intelligence | WIRED
Thousands of years of failure in this regard points to the simple truth: Human consciousness is not for anything at all. It serves no purpose. It has no evolutionary benefit. One of those modules is Theory of Mind. It has already been mentioned that Theory of Mind consumes more brain processing power than any other higher-level neurological activity. That means our Theory of Mind abilities get turned onto ourselves just as often or far more often than it is wielded on others.
Imagine an alien ray gun that shoots with such a wide spread that anywhere you aim it, you hit yourself. That should give you a fair picture of how we employ Theory of Mind.
Our brains are primed to watch humans to determine what they are thinking, why they are behaving the way they are behaving, and what they might do next. Looking down, these brains and their mindless modules see a body attached to them. These modules watch hands perform tasks, feet take them places, words pop out in streams of thought.
And so this Theory of Mind module concocts stories about our own behaviors. Why do we want to get dressed up and go dancing? And our friends will be there! Why do we want to keep eating when we are already full? And we walked an extra thousand steps today! These questions about our own behaviors are never ending. And the answers are almost always wrong. Allow that to sink in for a moment. The explanations we tell ourselves about our own behaviors are almost always wrong. This is the weird thing about our Theory of Mind superpowers.
They fail spectacularly when we turn them on ourselves. In a sense, we have developed a magic force-field to protect us from the alien mind-reading ray gun that we shoot others and ourselves with. This forcefield is our egos, and it gives us an inflated opinion of ourselves, a higher-minded rationale for our actions, and an illusion of sanity that we rarely extend to our peers.
The incorrect explanations we come up with about our own behaviors are meant to protect ourselves. They are often wildly creative, or they are absurdly simplistic.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
We dance to attract mates to make copies of ourselves, because the modules that guided this behavior made lots of copies, which crowded out other designs. Researchers have long studied this mismatch of behaviors and the lies we tell ourselves about our behaviors. One study primed test subjects to think they were feeling warm easily done by dropping in certain words in a fake test given to those subjects. When these people got up to adjust the thermostat, the researchers paused them to ask why they were adjusting the temperature.
Convincing stories were told, and when the primed words were pointed out, incredulity reigned. Even when we are shown where our actions come from, we choose to believe our internal Theory of Mind module, which has already reached its own conclusion. Subjects in fMRI machines have revealed another peculiarity. Watching their brains in real time, we can see that decisions are made before higher level parts of the brain are aware of the decisions. That is, researchers can tell which button a test subject will press before those subjects claim to have made the choice.
The action comes before the narrative. We move; we observe our actions; we tell ourselves stories about why we do things. More pronounced examples of this come from people with various neurological impairments. Test subjects with vision processing problems, or with hemispheres of their brains severed from one another, can be shown different images in each eye. Disconnected modules take in these conflicting inputs and create fascinating stories.
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One eye might see a rake and the other will see a pile of snow. The rake eye is effectively blind, with the test subject unable to tell what it is seeing if asked. You can tell your internal Washington DC how its wires are crossed, and it will continue to persist in its lunacy. This is how we would have to build a self-conscious machine.
The only reason I can think of to build such machines is to employ more shrinks. Thinking that this will lead to a kind of super-intelligent mind that will spit out the cure to cancer and the path to cold fusion, she hires me and gives me a large budget and a team of electrical and mechanical engineers. How would we go about actually assembling our self-conscious machine?
Child Development by Age
Applying what we know about Theory of Mind and disconnected modules, the first thing we would build is an awareness program. These are quite simple and already exist in spades. Using off-the-shelf technology, we decide that our first machine will look and act very much like a self-driving car. Enormous progress here has provided the sight and hearing that our machine will employ.
5.1. Theories of Self Development
With these basic senses, we then use machine learning algorithms to build a repertoire of behaviors for our AI car to learn. That other one has slow reaction speeds. That one is full of adrenaline. Thousands and thousands of these needs and anthropomorphic descriptors are built up in a vast library of phrases or indicator lights. If we were building a person-shaped robot, we would do the same by observing people and building a vocabulary for the various actions that humans seem to perform.
Sensors would note objects of awareness by scanning eyes which is what humans and dogs do. They would learn our moods by our facial expressions and body posture which current systems are already able to do. This library and array of sensors would form our Theory of Mind module. Its purpose is simply to tell stories about the actions of others. The magic would happen when we turn it on itself. Our library starts simply with First Order concepts, but then builds up to Second and Third Order ideas.
Does that yellow Ford see the gray Chevy coming toward it? It swerved slightly, so yes, it did. Does that van think the hot rod drives too aggressively?