Read e-book Assassins

Free download. Book file PDF easily for everyone and every device. You can download and read online Assassins file PDF Book only if you are registered here. And also you can download or read online all Book PDF file that related with Assassins book. Happy reading Assassins Bookeveryone. Download file Free Book PDF Assassins at Complete PDF Library. This Book have some digital formats such us :paperbook, ebook, kindle, epub, fb2 and another formats. Here is The CompletePDF Book Library. It's free to register here to get Book file PDF Assassins Pocket Guide.
Assassins is a American action thriller film directed by Richard Donner. The screenplay was by The Wachowskis and Brian Helgeland. The film stars Sylvester Stallone and Antonio Banderas and costars Julianne leondumoulin.nl by‎: ‎The Wachowskis.
Table of contents

• Assassin - Guild Wars Wiki (GWW)
• Assassin's Creed
• Changing South: A remarkable restoration
• The Artists

The Nizaris posed a strategic threat to Sunni Seljuq authority by capturing and inhabiting several mountain fortresses throughout Persia and later Syria , under the leadership of Hassan-i Sabbah. Asymmetric warfare , psychological warfare , and surgical strikes were often a tactic of the assassins, drawing their opponents into submission rather than risk killing them. While "Assassins" typically refers to the entire sect, only a group of acolytes known as the fida'i actually engaged in conflict. During the rule of Imam Rukn-ud-Din Khurshah , the Nizari state declined internally, and was eventually destroyed as the Imam surrendered the castles to the invading Mongols.

The Mongols destroyed and eliminated their Order. Mentions of Assassins were preserved within European sources — such as the writings of Marco Polo — where they are depicted as trained killers, responsible for the systematic elimination of opposing figures. The word " assassin " has been used ever since to describe a hired or professional killer, leading to the related term " assassination ", which denotes any action involving murder of a high-profile target for political reasons.

The Nizari were acknowledged and feared by the Crusaders. The stories of the Assassins were further embellished by Marco Polo. The origins of the Assassins can be traced back to just before the First Crusade , around in Alamut, north of modern Iran, during a crisis of succession to the Fatimid caliphate. However, it is possible to trace the beginnings of the cult back to its first Grandmaster, Hassan-i Sabbah s— A passionate devotee of Isma'ili beliefs, Hassan-i Sabbah was well-liked throughout Cairo , Syria and most of the Middle East by other Isma'ili, which led to a number of people becoming his followers.

Using his fame and popularity, Sabbah founded the Order of the Assassins. While his motives for founding this order are ultimately unknown, it was said to be all for his own political and personal gain and to also exact vengeance on his enemies. Because of the unrest in the Holy Land caused by the Crusades , Hassan-i Sabbah found himself not only fighting for power with other Muslims , but also with the invading Christian forces.

After creating the Order, Sabbah searched for a location that would be fit for a sturdy headquarters and decided on the fortress at Alamut in what is now northwestern Iran. The Alamut castle was built by the Justanid ruler, Wahsudan b. Marzuban, a follower of zaydism , around AD. After laying claim to the fortress at Alamut, Sabbah began expanding his influence outwards to nearby towns and districts, using his agents to gain political favour and to intimidate the local populations.

• Order of Assassins - Wikipedia;
• Rebootilization;
• Assassin's Creed Antiquity Pack.
• Concert Selections for Assassins.
• Mr McrRaffitys Magical Orchestra (Just Imagine Collection Book 2);
• Run So Far?

Spending most of his days at Alamut producing religious works and developing doctrines for his Order, Sabbah would never leave his fortress again in his lifetime. He had established a secret society of deadly assassins, which was built on a hierarchical structure. It was the Lasiqs who were trained to become some of the most feared assassins, or as they were called, "Fida'in" self-sacrificing agents. However, it is unknown how Hassan-i-Sabbah was able to get his "Fida'in" to perform with such fervent loyalty.

One theory, possibly the best known but also the most criticized, comes from the reports of Marco Polo during his travels to the Orient. He recounts a story he heard of a man who would drug his young followers with hashish , lead them to a "paradise", and then claim that only he had the means to allow for their return. Perceiving that Sabbah was either a prophet or magician, his disciples, believing that only he could return them to "paradise", were fully committed to his cause and willing to carry out his every request.

With his new weapons, Sabbah began to order assassinations, ranging from politicians to great generals. Assassins would rarely attack ordinary citizens though, and tended not to be hostile towards them. Although the "Fida'yin" were the lowest rank in Sabbah's order and were only used as expendable pawns to do the Grandmaster's bidding, much time and many resources were put into training them. The Assassins were generally young in age, giving them the physical strength and stamina which would be required to carry out these murders.

However, physical prowess was not the only trait that was required to be a "Fida'i". To get to their targets, the Assassins had to be patient, cold, and calculating.

• John Holdsworth (William Clark Russell) (Literary Thoughts Edition)!
• Assassin's Creed®: Brotherhood of Venice by Triton Noir — Kickstarter.
• Assassin (disambiguation).
• In this bundle.
• His Eyes.

They were generally intelligent and well-read because they were required to possess not only knowledge about their enemy, but his or her culture and their native language. They were trained by their masters to disguise themselves and sneak into enemy territory to perform the assassinations, instead of simply attacking their target outright.

Originally referring to the methods of political control exercised by the Assasiyuun, one can see how it became "assassin" in several languages to describe similar activities anywhere. The Assassins were finally linked by the 19th-century orientalist scholar Silvestre de Sacy to the Arabic word hashish using their variant names assassin and assissini in the 19th century.

Changing South: A remarkable restoration

Citing the example of one of the first written applications of the Arabic term hashish to the Ismailis by 13th-century historian Abu Shama, de Sacy demonstrated its connection to the name given to the Ismailis throughout Western scholarship. This label was quickly adopted by anti-Ismaili historians and applied to the Ismailis of Syria and Persia. The spread of the term was further facilitated through military encounters between the Nizaris and the Crusaders , whose chroniclers adopted the term and disseminated it across Europe.

During the medieval period, Western scholarship on the Ismailis contributed to the popular view of the community as a radical sect of assassins, believed to be trained for the precise murder of their adversaries. By the 14th century, European scholarship on the topic had not advanced much beyond the work and tales from the Crusaders.

The Artists

While he assembled the accounts of many Western travellers, the author failed to explain the etymology of the term Assassin. Many scholars have argued, and demonstrated convincingly, that the attribution of the epithet "hashish eaters" or "hashish takers" is a misnomer derived from enemies of the Isma'ilis and was never used by Muslim chroniclers or sources.

1. Bible Emblems.
2. BECOME A SPARTAN HERO?
3. Compendium;
4. The Horned Mage: Fel Heritage?
5. Who Were the Assassins?.
6. LIVE THE EPIC ODYSSEY OF A LEGENDARY SPARTAN HERO.

It was therefore used in a pejorative sense of "enemies" or "disreputable people". This sense of the term survived into modern times with the common Egyptian usage of the term Hashasheen in the s to mean simply "noisy or riotous". It is unlikely that the austere Hassan-i Sabbah indulged personally in drug taking The name "Assassin" is often said to derive from the Arabic word Hashishin or "users of hashish ", [3] was originally applied to the Nizari Ismaelis by the rival Mustali Ismailis during the fall of the Ismaili Fatimid Empire and the separation of the two Ismaili streams, [4] there is little evidence hashish was used to motivate the assassins, contrary to the beliefs of their medieval enemies.

Modern versions of this word include Mahashish used in the same derogatory sense, albeit less offensive nowadays, as the use of the substance is more widespread. Idries Shah , a sufi scholar using Arkon Daraul as a pen name , described them as 'druggers' that used hashish "in stupefying candidates for the ephemeral visit to paradise ". The Sunni Muslims also used the term mulhid to refer to the Assassins, which is also recorded by the traveller and Franciscan William of Rubruck as mulidet. In pursuit of their religious and political goals, the Ismailis adopted various military strategies popular in the Middle Ages.

One such method was that of assassination, the selective elimination of prominent rival figures. The murders of political adversaries were usually carried out in public spaces, creating resounding intimidation for other possible enemies. In the Ismaili context, these assignments were performed by fida'is devotees of the Ismaili mission. The assassinations were committed against those whose elimination would most greatly reduce aggression against the Ismailis and, in particular, against those who had perpetrated massacres against the community. A single assassination was usually employed in contrast with the widespread bloodshed which generally resulted from factional combat.

Hashashin are also said to be adept in furusiyya , or the Islamic warrior code, where they are trained in combat, disguises, and equestrianism. Hashashin never allowed their women to be at their fortresses during military campaigns, both for protection and secrecy. This is a tradition first made by Hassan when he sent his wife and daughters to Girdkuh when a famine was created during the Seljuk siege of Alamut.

The first instance of murder in the effort to establish a Nizari Ismaili state in Persia is widely considered to be the killing of Seljuq vizier , Nizam al-Mulk. The military approach of the Nizari Ismaili state was largely a defensive one, with strategically chosen sites that appeared to avoid confrontation wherever possible without the loss of life. The Alamut castle therefore was only one of a nexus of strongholds throughout the regions where Ismailis could retreat to safety if necessary.

West of Alamut in the Shahrud Valley, the major fortress of Lamasar served as just one example of such a retreat. The notion of the dar al-hijra originates from the time of Muhammad , who migrated with his followers from persecution to a safe haven in Yathrib Medina. From to , attacks and sieges were made on the fortresses, conducted by combined forces of Seljuk, Berkyaruq, and Sanjar. Although with the cost of lives and the capture and execution of assassin dai Ahmad ibn Hattash, the hashashin managed to hold their ground and repel the attacks until the Mongol invasion.

At their peak, many of the assassinations of the day were often attributed to the hashashin. Even though the Crusaders and the other factions employed personal assassins, the fact that the hashashin performed their assassinations in full view of the public, often in broad daylight, gave them a distinct reputation.



Psychological warfare , and attacking the enemy's psyche was another often employed tactic of the hashashin, who would sometimes attempt to draw their opponents into submission rather than risk killing them. During the Seljuk invasion after the death of Muhammad Tapar , a new Seljuk sultan emerged with the coronation of Tapar's son Sanjar. When Sanjar rebuffed the hashashin ambassadors who were sent by Hassan for peace negotiations, Hassan sent his hashashin to the sultan.

Sanjar woke up one morning with a dagger stuck in the ground beside his bed. Alarmed, he kept the matter a secret. A messenger from Hassan arrived and stated, "Did I not wish the sultan well that the dagger which was struck in the hard ground would have been planted on your soft breast".