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Believe definition is - to consider to be true or honest. How to use believe in a sentence.
Table of contents
It would seem that expecting people to be convinced by the facts flies in the face of, you know, the facts. We push threatening information away; we pull friendly information close. We apply fight-or-flight reflexes not only to predators, but to data itself. Consider a person who has heard about a scientific discovery that deeply challenges her belief in divine creation—a new hominid, say, that confirms our evolutionary origins. What happens next, explains political scientist Charles Taber of Stony Brook University, is a subconscious negative response to the new information—and that response, in turn, guides the type of memories and associations formed in the conscious mind.
Or that we never change our minds—we do. Our individual responses to the conclusions that science reaches, however, are quite another matter. Ironically, in part because researchers employ so much nuance and strive to disclose all remaining sources of uncertainty, scientific evidence is highly susceptible to selective reading and misinterpretation.
Sure enough, a large number of psychological studies have shown that people respond to scientific or technical evidence in ways that justify their preexisting beliefs. In a classic experiment PDF , pro- and anti-death penalty advocates were exposed to descriptions of two fake scientific studies: one supporting and one undermining the notion that capital punishment deters violent crime and, in particular, murder. They were also shown detailed methodological critiques of the fake studies—and in a scientific sense, neither study was stronger than the other.
Even when study subjects are explicitly instructed to be unbiased and even-handed about the evidence, they often fail. Somewhat oversimplifying, you can think of hierarchical individualists as akin to conservative Republicans, and egalitarian communitarians as liberal Democrats. Similar divides were observed on whether nuclear waste can be safely stored underground and whether letting people carry guns deters crime.
The alliances did not always hold. In another study PDF , hierarchs and communitarians were in favor of laws that would compel the mentally ill to accept treatment, whereas individualists and egalitarians were opposed. In other words, people rejected the validity of a scientific source because its conclusion contradicted their deeply held views—and thus the relative risks inherent in each scenario. And that undercuts the standard notion that the way to persuade people is via evidence and argument. In fact, head-on attempts to persuade can sometimes trigger a backfire effect, where people not only fail to change their minds when confronted with the facts—they may hold their wrong views more tenaciously than ever.
Take, for instance, the question of whether Saddam Hussein possessed hidden weapons of mass destruction just before the US invasion of Iraq in When political scientists Brendan Nyhan and Jason Reifler showed subjects fake newspaper articles PDF in which this was first suggested in a quote from President Bush and then refuted with the findings of the Bush-commissioned Iraq Survey Group report, which found no evidence of active WMD programs in pre-invasion Iraq , they found that conservatives were more likely than before to believe the claim.
Northwestern University sociologist Monica Prasad and her colleagues wanted to test whether they could dislodge the notion that Saddam Hussein and Al Qaeda were secretly collaborating among those most likely to believe it—Republican partisans from highly GOP-friendly counties. So the researchers set up a study PDF in which they discussed the topic with some of these Republicans in person.
Far more common was resisting the correction in a variety of ways, either by coming up with counterarguments or by simply being unmovable:. Do you have any comments on either of those? The same types of responses are already being documented on divisive topics facing the current administration.
This may help explain a curious pattern Nyhan and his colleagues found when they tried to test the fallacy PDF that President Obama is a Muslim. But when only white researchers were present, GOP survey subjects in particular were more likely to believe the Obama Muslim myth than before. Which leads us to the media. Log In. Definition of believe. Keep scrolling for more. Other Words from believe believer noun.
Carlos Nobre: The Amazonian intelligence
Examples of believe in a Sentence I have watched the many ways that teachers demonstrate pleasure in what students have said or done. First Known Use of believe before the 12th century, in the meaning defined at intransitive sense 1b. Learn More about believe.
Time Traveler for believe The first known use of believe was before the 12th century See more words from the same century.
The Merriam-Webster. More Definitions for believe.
- If I had my way!
- Equanimity?
- Monahan defends Reed amid controversy: 'I believe Patrick'!
- Vultures And Bandits.
- Waves Astern!
- The Science of Why We Don’t Believe Science – Mother Jones!
English Language Learners Definition of believe. Kids Definition of believe. Comments on believe What made you want to look up believe? Get Word of the Day daily email!
Derived forms of believe
Test Your Vocabulary. Love words?
- Stations of the Nightmare.
- Dark Reign: The Sinister Spider-Man #2 (of 4) (Dark Reign: Sinister Spider-Man);
- More by Cher.
- You're not going to believe what I'm about to tell you - The Oatmeal.
- Sonia: Between two Worlds.
Need even more definitions? The awkward case of 'his or her'. An important key to self-confidence is preparation. And no important endeavor that required innovation was done without risk.
You have to be willing to take those risks. They sparkle and shine when the sun is out, but when the darkness sets in their true beauty is revealed only if there is light from within. McIntyre "Argue for your limitations and, sure enough, they're yours. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure. It is our light, not our darkness, that most frightens us.
Believe (Cher song) - Wikipedia
We ask ourselves, 'Who am I to be brilliant, gorgeous, talented, fabulous? You know more than you think you do. Benjamin Spock "Successful people have fear, successful people have doubts, and successful people have worries. They just don't let these feelings stop them. Harv Eker "You can have anything you want if you are willing to give up the belief that you can't have it.
Robert Anthony "It is not the mountain we conquer, but ourselves. I did not have a good self-image at first.
Finally it occurred to me, I'm either going to love me or hate me. And I chose to love myself. Then everything kind of sprung from there. Things that I thought weren't attractive became sexy. Confidence makes you sexy. Action breeds confidence and courage. If you want to conquer fear, do not sit home and think about it. Go out and get busy. Nothing can be done without hope and confidence.