A luminous Linda Lavin stars in a 'Brief Affair' on Broadway Played by an ideally cast and exquisite Linda Lavin, Anna lived an apparently where the siblings hover as Anna politely questions her mystery man, played by.
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Learn more about Amazon Giveaway. An Exquisitely Polite Affair: Set up a giveaway. Feedback If you need help or have a question for Customer Service, contact us. Would you like to report poor quality or formatting in this book? Click here Would you like to report this content as inappropriate? Click here Do you believe that this item violates a copyright? There's a problem loading this menu right now. At one point, one of the populations exploded far beyond the parameters of the experiment.
Lenski eventually discovered that this population had evolved the ability to "eat" citrate, an organic molecule which was part of the solution the E.
Lenski affair
Thus, evolution had been visibly observed, with an exquisite amount of evidence establishing the timeline along the way. Not only that, but the experiment was repeatable ; Lenski started new experiments with the frozen "archives" of the population which exploded, and found that beyond a certain point, that particular population of E. The paper also highlighted the role of historical contingency in evolution and the role of potentiating mutations. Naturally, this news item was posted to Conservapedia, bringing it to the attention of Schlafly. As he is a creationist, this obviously flew in the face of his views and could not be tolerated.
After a discussion in which he expressed skepticism, he proceeded to send Dr.
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Skepticism has been expressed on Conservapedia about your claims, and the significance of your claims, that E. Coli bacteria had an evolutionary beneficial mutation in your study. Specifically, we wonder about the data supporting your claim that one of your colonies of E. Coli developed the ability to absorb citrate, something not found in wild E. Coli, at around 31, generations. In addition, there is skepticism that 3 new and useful proteins appeared in the colony around generation 20, A recent article about your claims appears in New Scientist here: To allow others to replicate and build on work published in PNAS, authors must make materials, data, and associated protocols available to readers.
Authors must disclose upon submission of the manuscript any restrictions on the availability of materials or information. Please post the data supporting your remarkable claims so that we can review it, and note where in the data you find justification for your conclusions. I suggest you might want to read our paper itself, which is available for download at most university libraries and is also posted as publication on my website.
Here's a brief summary that addresses your three points. These papers provide exact details on the identity of the mutations, as well as genetic constructions where we have produced genotypes that differ by single mutations, then compete them, demonstrating that the mutations confer an advantage under the environmental conditions of the experiment.
See papers , , , , and referenced on my website. In the latest paper, you will see that we make no claim to having identified the genetic basis of the mutations observed in this study. However, we have found a number of mutant clones that have heritable differences in behavior growth on citrate , and which confer a clear advantage in the environment where they evolved, which contains citrate. Our future work will seek to identify the responsible mutations.
Proteins do not "appear out of the blue", in any case. All these issues and the supporting methods and data are covered in our paper. This is my second request for your data underlying your recent paper, "Historical contingency and the evolution of a key innovation in an experimental population of Escherichia coli," published in PNAS June 10, and reported in New Scientist "Bacteria make major evolutionary shift in lab," June 9, Your work was taxpayer-funded, and PNAS represents that its authors will make underlying data available.
I'd like to review the data myself and ensure availability for others, including experts and my students. Others have expressed interest in access to the data in addition to myself, and your website seems well-suited for public release of these data. As before, I'm requesting the organized data themselves, not the graphs and summaries set forth in the paper and referenced in your first reply to me. Note that several times your paper expressly states, "data not shown.
Given that this is my second request for the data, a clear answer is requested as to whether you will make the key underlying data available for independent review. Your response, or lack thereof, will be posted due to the public interest in this issue. I tried to be polite, civil and respectful in my reply to your first email, despite its rude tone and uninformed content.
Given the continued rudeness of your second email, and the willfully ignorant and slanderous content on your website, my second response will be less polite. I expect you to post my response in its entirety; if not, I will make sure that is made publicly available through other channels. I offer this lengthy reply because I am an educator as well as a scientist. It is my sincere hope that some readers might learn something from this exchange, even if you do not. First, it seems that reading might not be your strongest suit given your initial letter, which showed that you had not read our paper, and given subsequent conversations with your followers, in which you wrote that you still had not bothered to read our paper.
I assumed you had simply misunderstood that article, because there is not even a mention of proteins anywhere in the news article. It appears to have come from one of your earlier discussions, in which an acoltye [sic] Able, who to his credit at least seems to have attempted to read our paper wrote:.
As further evidence of your inability to keep even a few simple facts straight, you later wrote the following: Am I or the reporter for NewScientist somehow responsible for the confusion that reflects your own laziness and apparent inability to distinguish between a scientific paper, a news article, and a confused summary posted by an acolyte on your own website? Third, it is apparent to me, and many others who have followed this exchange and your on-line discussions of how to proceed, that you are not acting in good faith in requests for data.
Lenski affair - RationalWiki
From the posted discussion on your web site, it is obvious that you lack any expertise in the relevant fields. Several of your acolytes have pointed this out to you, and that your motives are unclear or questionable at best, but you and your cronies dismissed their concerns as rants and even expelled some of them from posting on your website.
One poster in your discussions, Aaronp, wrote:. As far as I saw, Aaronp is the only poster who asserted any expertise in microbiology. A few posters wisely counseled against such slander but that did not deter you. I must say, it is surprising that someone with a law degree would make, and allow on his website, so many nasty comments that implicitly and even explicitly impugn my integrity, and by extension that of my collaborators, without any grounds whatsoever and reflecting only your dogmatic adherence to certain beliefs. Finally, let me now turn to our data.
As I said before, the relevant methods and data about the evolution of the citrate-using bacteria are in our paper. None of the places where we made such references concern the existence of the citrate-using bacteria; they concern only certain secondary properties of those bacteria. We will gladly post those additional data on my website.
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It is my impression that you seem to think we have only paper and electronic records of having seen some unusual E. If we made serious errors or misrepresentations, you would surely like to find them in those records. If we did not, then — as some of your acolytes have suggested — you might assert that our records are themselves untrustworthy because, well, because you said so, I guess.
Rather, I am making a literary allusion. One of your acolytes, Dr. Richard Paley, actually grasped this point. Paley had to say:. So, will we share the bacteria? Of course we will, with competent scientists.
Now, if I was really mean, I might only share the ancestral strain, and let the scientists undertake the 20 years of our experiment. A competent microbiologist, perhaps requiring the assistance of a competent molecular geneticist, would readily confirm the following properties reported in our paper: One would find that the evolved bacteria have mutations in each of these genes. These mutations precisely match those that we reported in our previous work, and they identify the evolved citrate-using mutants as having evolved in the population designated Ara-3 of the long-term evolution experiment, as opposed to any of the other 11 populations in that experiment.
And one could go on and on from there to confirm the findings in our paper, and perhaps obtain additional data of the sort that we are currently pursuing.