Research for Action: Cross-National Perspectives on Connecting Knowledge, Policy, and Practice for C

Connecting Research, Policy and Practice A. Smith (Eds.), Research for action: Cross-national perspectives on connecting knowledge, policy, and practice for.
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This book reflects that concern Building Community Capacity identifies some of the most difficult issues facing policymakers, scholars, and residents of the nation's older urban communities. It offers many useful insights into the contours of human, organizational, and community capacity and development. Squires, Contemporary Sociology -Understanding that urban restoration requires a comprehensive approach, government, foundations, and funding intermediaries have established an array of comprehensive community building initiatives CCBIs to coordinate the rebuilding efforts of local social service, redevelopment, and, at times, empowerment organizations Rubin, Social Service Review "Building Community Capacity makes a major contribution to the community development literature in a variety of ways.

They seek to r. Fear Bob Woodward Inbunden. Factfulness Hans Rosling Inbunden. Skickas inom vardagar. This book focuses on a gap in current social work practice theory: The latter, suggests that the more sustained the interaction between researchers and policy-makers is, the larger the impact of evidence-informed decision making becomes. Despite the less complex nature of the traditional science push model, in practice, researchers and policy-makers rarely speak the same language.

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Evidence provided to decision-makers is generally considered to be too complex, too detailed, too technical or lacking in timeliness. In order to avoid these pitfalls, it is paramount to tailor knowledge to the level of understanding, needs and demands of the target audience. These components can be divided in translational components and design components, determining how the content is said, or how the content is communicated, respectively. Each step in the sequence represents further interpretations of the framework when communicating evidence-based research content to decision-makers audience with the purpose to influence evidence-informed decision making.

Core components on knowledge creation provide elaborate interpretation of how the content is said and communicated. The first core component, the translational component, entails that content should be target-audience appropriate and packaged in a mode of communication that is familiar to the target audience. Information should be concise and understandable, adapted in terms of length and complexity of grammar. This can be established by integrating concepts of applicability i.

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Knowledge should moreover be represented in a form that facilitates understanding. Visualisation of data is an effective means of representing complex ideas of information in a format that is quickly understood.


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Apart from the choice on language and representation one should tailor how content is being communicated to the target audience. Simply communicating information in a form and language tailored to the needs and demands of decision-makers does not sufficiently influence evidence-informed decision making.

This means that navigation between information should be intuitive and information should be presented in an orderly way. Furthermore, it is important to create and incorporate design aesthetics. An appealing exterior can be accomplished through the use of complementing colours, a polished house style, simple typography and the appropriate use of visual aids. Semiotics refers to the interpretation of a visual into the meaning that goes with it. Pictograms can be ideal to communicate a subject as they derive their meaning from an iconic relation with what they refer to and are understood universally.

This article takes one approach in how researchers can communicate knowledge to decision-makers with the purpose of influencing evidence-based decision making. It should be noted that this article does not attempt to cover all aspects of KT to decision-makers. Rather, takes a starting point in how to create knowledge tools and key messages in such a way that it fits the needs and demands of decision-makers.

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In the following section, using a case study we provide an approach on how core components of knowledge creation can be integrated in an easy-to-implement tool. The knowledge gap is apparent in all areas of public health. However, it may be even more evident in low- and middle- income countries LMICs. Exploring barriers and facilitators to the implementation of evidence-based interventions in low-resources settings and tailoring them to the context are key elements to reach the FRESH AIR aim. The protocol has been published elsewhere. Both are schematically depicted in Fig. Creating a knowledge platform requires the developer to think and approach the subject matter from multiple angles, making use of scientific and analytical knowledge as well as editorial reasoning.

Due to the complexity of this iterative process, one should therefore keep in mind that Fig. Separate phases provide a step-by-step approach towards knowledge creation. During the preparation phase the purpose of the knowledge platform was defined through the formulation of the main objectives.

The translational cycle involves the translation of scientific data and information into tailored content. Whereas, the design cycle is the incorporation of core components on navigation, organisation, design aesthetics and semiotics. For conceptual and illustrative purposes, we made a clear distinction between the approaches. In practice however, the two approaches are complex and intertwined with each other. During the translational cycle research findings non-translated knowledge generated during the FRESH AIR project were passed through a number of consecutive steps.

Through the integration of the translational core components this resulted in the generation of content tailored to decision-makers translated knowledge. As individual studies rarely provide sufficient evidence for decision making, evidence was also synthesised from other sources. Evidence acquired per topic Step 1 was synthesised and critically appraised Step 2. Critical appraisal, defined as the examination of research evidence on the level of evidence and relevance, is an important step within the translational process. The flow-chart integrated multiple appraisal tools on grey literature with the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network SIGN grading system on scientific evidence to create a tool that can be applied to all types of evidence.

In the case of disputable evidence Grade E or D due to either a high risk of bias, low level of evidence or evidence-based on non-analytical studies such as expert opinion or a case report, an annotation was added.

Based on the extracted data key message were formulated Step 4 and data was aggregated into explorative or explanatory overview charts, infographics, visuals, textual statements or narratives Step 5. Before incorporation into the knowledge platform the product was run through a set of criteria to determine whether all core translational components were sufficiently integrated see checklist in Fig. When the translated knowledge product scored insufficiently, it re-entered the translational cycle.

Parallel to the translational cycle the communication channel was designed. The first objective is to inform decision-makers and other stakeholders about the prevalence of NCLD diseases, risk factors and present feasible context-specific solutions.


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The second objective is to share materials that assist in the implementation of these context-specific solutions. Since purpose and audience determine the knowledge that is to be communicated, two separate channels were created, each serving one of the above mentioned objectives. A public website serves the first objective whereas a linked knowledge base serves the second. A knowledge base offers access to a large range of documents, including scientific publications, translated policy briefs, protocols and educational materials.

Since the knowledge base complements the website as a source of information the following section will focus on the development of the public website. The translational- and design cycle served as a template to develop the public website. Figure 3 depicts an example of how the translational cycle was operationalised.

After retrieval of evidence Step 1 and critical appraisal of evidence Step 2 , relevant data was extracted Step 3.

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This was then used to formulate key messages and create visualisations Steps 4 and 5. Correct interpretation of the visualisations was supported by adding a simplification of the key messages Step 5. It explains the children's rights and principles that inform the Act and addresses difficult questions such as how to determine the best interests of the child, and whether consensual sex between adolescents should be reported. The guide also details the consent requirements for different health services, and explains what to do in an emergency, or in case of conflict between parents and the child.

It informs health professionals of their mandatory obligations to report abuse and neglect and examines how to interpret these requirements in light of recent court judgements. This edition has been substantially updated and includes short cases from health professionals to assist with the interpretation of the Act. Skip to main content. A South African case study. Children's Institute, University of Cape Town. Champions for Children Handbook: How to build a caring school community.

March Pilot edition: Child and Youth Care Work, 26 6: Children's Institute submission on the draft regulations to the Children's Act 38 of


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