Gas Phase Nanoparticle Synthesis

A review of synthesis of nanoparticles in the gas phase for electronic, optical and magnetic applications. 3. Synthesis methods of nanoparticles in the.
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Multiscale Aspects of Modeling Gas-Phase Nanoparticle Synthesis

You are commenting using your Facebook account. Notify me of new comments via email. Introduction Gas phase nanoparticle preparation methods have attracted huge interest over the years due to number of benefits that they can deliver over other methods. These techniques are typically characterized by the ability to accurately control the process parameters to be able to tune shape, size and chemical composition of the nanostructures. Although, means and methods can differ, almost all gas phase nanomaterial production methods follows following sequence Suspending the precursor materials in a gas phase Transforming the precursor material to small clusters Enforcing the growth of these clusters to a nanoparticles Method to collect prepared nanoparticles.

The growth of small nuclei clusters to nanoparticles is referred to as condensation and it occurs only when the precursor vapor is supersaturated. Condensation process can be driven by both physical and chemical methods and will be discussed in the following. Inert gas condensation This method is the most rudimentary of all the gas phase fabrication techniques. This method however, is only appropriate for the materials that have low vapor pressure. Or in other words material is only vaporized at elevated temperatures sometimes even degrees. This method is quite useful in preparation of metallic nanoparticles, as these materials show reasonable rates of evaporation at practical temperatures.

Although the process is typically carried out at inert gas, reactive gases can also introduced to the heated chamber to encourage reactions. This is particularly useful in making metal oxide and metal halide nanoparticles. Pulsed laser ablation In pulse laser ablation technique, more confined plume of the material is vaporized instead of the entire sample to produce vapor. To achieve this, high energy laser is focused on to a much localized position. The laser exposure is made in pulses thus the name pulsed laser.

Gas-Phase Synthesis of Nanoparticles

This rapidly heats up a small spot of the material to very high temperature at which the material is vaporized. Due to the small weight size of the sample being vaporized, this generally can be used to make small amount of nanomaterials. However, the technique is quite useful in synthesizing nanomaterials of the materials that cannot be evaporated otherwise. The method is excessively used to make metal oxide nanoparticles than other types.

Chemical vapor synthesis In Chemical Vapor Synthesis CVS chemical vapors of precursor materials are brought to reaction in a reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is typically heated using joule heating.

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The method is similar to chemical vapor deposition, however instead of deposition of nanomaterial as a thin film, CVS process encourage formation of nanoparticles. Hence, the process parameters are adjusted appropriately during the synthesis in order to suppress film formation and to encourage nucleation of particles in the gas phase.


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Typically, the resident time of the precursor in the reaction chamber is the most critical parameter to determine whether the film or parameter will be formed. This method is well recognized for the flexibility it provides as a nanomaterial synthesis process.

The precursors can be in solid, liquid or gas phase at the ambient temperature but are delivered to the hot wall reactor at the vapor phase. The method has been adopted to fabricate wide range of nanomaterials from variety of precursor materials. CVS process has embraced much of the precursor chemistries developed from CVD processes and has contributed significantly for CVS process to stand as its own.

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1. Introduction

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