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Approximate length of body at each stage: 1st instar, mm; 2nd instar, mm; 3rd During the pupal stage the transformation from larva to adult is completed.
Table of contents
- The life story of the monarch: The caterpillar
- Navigation menu
- Caterpillar: The Feeding Stage
- Breeding Ecology | MonarchNet
The life story of the monarch: The caterpillar
Female monarch butterflies lay tiny creamy-yellow eggs generally on the underside of a milkweed leaf. As the larva develops, the egg changes in colour. If you use a magnifying glass, you can see it moving around.
Soft, black filaments are at either end. The filaments behind the head wiggle when the larva feeds. Note that the filaments are not antennae.
Navigation menu
Three pairs of true legs are near the head. Each leg has a single claw. Prolegs are at the back. These help the larva cling to the plant. As the larva grows, it has to moult shed its exoskeleton skin. A monarch larva moults 5 times. The stage between moults is called an instar. The larva emerges to become an eating machine. In 2—3 weeks, it grows to about 2, times its birth weight. If a human baby grew in a similar manner, it would weigh 8 tonnes when 2 weeks old!
The larva finds a sheltered site and produces a tightly woven silk mat. It hooks its rear prolegs into the silk and hangs downwards. Chrysalis is a Greek word for gold. Scientists are unsure about why the gold band and spots appear on the chrysalis. While in the pupal stage, the larval tissue reassembles itself. The straw-like proboscis replaces jaws.
Wings and reproductive organs develop. After about 10 days, the final moult reveals an adult butterfly.
Caterpillar: The Feeding Stage
The enlarged abdomen is full of fluid. The butterfly pumps the fluid into its crumpled wings until they become full and stiff. Male butterflies have two spots on the hindwings. Females have thicker black webbing within the wings. Females lay between — eggs at a rate of up to 40 per day. The next stage is the larva. This is also called a caterpillar if the insect is a butterfly or a moth.
The job of the caterpillar is to eat and eat and eat. As the caterpillar grows it splits its skin and sheds it about 4 or 5 times. Food eaten at this time is stored and used later as an adult. Caterpillars can grow times their size during this stage. For example, a monarch butterfly egg is the size of a pinhead and the caterpillar that hatches from this tiny egg isn't much bigger.
But it will grow up to 2 inches long in several weeks. When the caterpillar is full grown and stops eating, it becomes a pupa. The pupa of butterflies is also called a chrysalis. Depending on the species, the pupa may suspended under a branch, hidden in leaves or buried underground. The pupa of many moths is protected inside a coccoon of silk. This stage can last from a few weeks, a month or even longer. Some species have a pupal stage that lasts for two years. It may look like nothing is going on but big changes are happening inside.
Breeding Ecology | MonarchNet
Special cells that were present in the larva are now growing rapidly. They will become the legs, wings, eyes and other parts of the adult butterfly.
Many of the original larva cells will provide energy for these growing adult cells. The adult stage is what most people think of when they think of butterflies. They look very different from the larva. The caterpillar has a few tiny eyes, stubby legs and very short antennae. The adults have long legs, long antennae, and compound eyes. They can also fly by using their large and colorful wings. The one thing they can't do is grow. The caterpillar's job was to eat. The adult's job is to mate and lay eggs.