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Al Capone standing with two other men and drinking alcohol. In the s, Americans blatantly ignore Prohibition, while gangsters and small-time bootleggers.
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• EXCL Tory activists risk expulsion as they vow to back Rory Stewart's London Mayor bid
• Why Hong Kong’s secret societies are attacking protesters | Public Radio International
• Crime in the Great Depression

A small street gang that engages in sporadic low-level crime would not be seen as "organized". An organization that coordinates gangs in different countries involved in the international trade in drugs or prostitutes may not be considered a "gang". Although gangs and gangsters have existed in many countries and at many times in the past, they have played more prominent roles during times of weakened social order or when governments have attempted to suppress access to goods or services for which there is a high demand.

The Sicilian Mafia , or Cosa Nostra is a criminal syndicate that emerged in the mid-nineteenth century in Sicily, Italy.

It is a loose association of criminal groups that share common organizational structure and code of conduct. The origins lie in the upheaval of Sicily's transition out of feudalism in and its later annexation by mainland Italy in Under feudalism, the nobility owned most of the land and enforced law and order through their private armies. After , the feudal barons steadily sold off or rented their lands to private citizens. Primogeniture was abolished, land could no longer be seized to settle debts, and one fifth of the land was to become private property of the peasants.

Organized crime has existed in Russia since the days of Imperial Russia in the form of banditry and thievery. In the Soviet period Vory v Zakone emerged, a class of criminals that had to abide by certain rules in the prison system. One such rule was that cooperation with the authorities of any kind was forbidden. During World War II some prisoners made a deal with the government to join the armed forces in return for a reduced sentence, but upon their return to prison they were attacked and killed by inmates who remained loyal to the rules of the thieves. Crude markets emerged, the most notorious being the Rizhsky market where prostitution rings were run next to the Rizhsky Railway Station in Moscow.

As the Soviet Union headed for collapse many former government workers turned to crime, while others moved overseas. Former KGB agents and veterans of the Afghan and First and Second Chechen Wars , now unemployed but with experience that could prove useful in crime, joined the increasing crime wave.

The Albanian Mafia is active in Albania , the United States, and the European Union EU countries, participating in a diverse range of criminal enterprises including drug and arms trafficking.

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Ethnic Albanian gangs have grown rapidly since during the prolonged period of instability in the Balkans after the collapse of Yugoslavia. This coincided with large scale migration throughout Europe and to the United States and Canada. Although based in Albania, the gangs often handle international transactions such as trafficking in economic migrants, drugs and other contraband, and weapons.

In China, Triads trace their roots to resistance or rebel groups opposed to Manchu rule during the Qing dynasty , which were given the triangle as their emblem. When the Chinese Communist Party came to power in in mainland China, law enforcement became stricter and tough governmental crackdown on criminal organizations forced the triads to migrate to Hong Kong , then a British colony, and other cities around the world.

Triads today are highly organized, with departments responsible for functions such as accounting, recruiting, communications, training and welfare in addition to the operational arms. They engage in a variety of crimes including extortion, money laundering, smuggling, trafficking and prostitution. Yakuza are members of traditional organized crime syndicates in Japan. They are notorious for their strict codes of conduct and very organized nature. As of they had an estimated 80, members.

As American society and culture developed, new immigrants were relocating to the United States. The American Mafia arose from offshoots of the Mafia that emerged in the United States during the late nineteenth century, following waves of emigration from Sicily.

EXCL Tory activists risk expulsion as they vow to back Rory Stewart's London Mayor bid

There were similar offshoots in Canada among Italian Canadians. In the later s many Chinese emigrated to the United States, escaping from insecurity and economic hardship at home, at first working on the west coast and later moving east. The new immigrants formed Chinese Benevolent Associations. In some cases these evolved into Tongs , or criminal organizations primarily involved in gambling. Members of Triads who migrated to the United States often joined these tongs.

With a new wave of migration in the s, street gangs began to flourish in major cities. The tongs recruited these gangs to protect their extortion, gambling and narcotics operations. The terms "gangster" and "mobster" are mostly used in the United States to refer to members of criminal organizations associated with Prohibition or with an American offshoot of the Italian Mafia such as the Chicago Outfit , the Philadelphia Mafia , or the Five Families.

Many gangs sold alcohol illegally for tremendous profit, and used acute violence to stake turf and protect their interest. Often, police officers and politicians were paid off or extorted to ensure continued operation. Most cocaine is grown and processed in South America , particularly in Colombia , Bolivia , Peru , and smuggled into the United States and Europe, the United States being the world's largest consumer of cocaine.

By , the Colombian government, helped by the US, had successfully dismantled the cartel by imprisoning or hunting and gunning down its members. Mexican drug cartels now dominate the wholesale illicit drug market in the United States. Cocaine shipments from South America transported through Mexico or Central America are generally moved over land or by air to staging sites in northern Mexico. The cocaine is then broken down into smaller loads for smuggling across the U. Cocaine traffickers from Colombia, and recently Mexico, have also established a labyrinth of smuggling routes throughout the Caribbean , the Bahama Island chain, and South Florida.

They often hire traffickers from Mexico or the Dominican Republic to transport the drug. The traffickers use a variety of smuggling techniques to transfer their drug to U. Another route of cocaine traffic goes through Chile, this route is primarily used for cocaine produced in Bolivia since the nearest seaports lie in northern Chile. The arid Bolivia-Chile border is easily crossed by 4x4 vehicles that then head to the seaports of Iquique and Antofagasta.

Born in southern Italy in , Torrio immigrated to the United States with his mother after his father's death, which happened when he was three years old.

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Known as "The Fox" for his cunning, he helped the formation of the Chicago Outfit and he is credited for inspiring the birth of the National Crime Syndicate. He was severely wounded by members of the North Side Gang while returning from a shopping trip, forcing him, along with other problems, to quit the criminal activity.



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He died in and the media learned about his death three weeks after his burial. Peterson of the Chicago Crime Commission considered him "an organizational genius". Along with his associates, he was instrumental in the development of the National Crime Syndicate. Luciano is the father of modern organized crime in the United States for the establishment of The Commission in His crime family was later renamed the Genovese crime family..

Why Hong Kong’s secret societies are attacking protesters | Public Radio International

Al Capone was one of the most famous gangsters during the roaring twenties. Born in Williamsburg, Brooklyn in to immigrant parents, Capone was recruited by members of the Five Points Gang in the early s. Capone would rise to control a major portion of illicit activity such as gambling , prostitution , and bootlegging in Chicago during the early twentieth century. Frank Costello was an influential gangster. He was born in southern Italy but moved to America when he was four years old. He later changed his name from Francesco Castiglia to Frank Costello when he joined a gang at age His name change led some people to mistakenly believe he was Irish.

He worked for Charlie Luciano and was in charge of bootlegging and gambling. He was also the Luciano gangs emissary to politicians, he later held sway over politicians which enabled him political protection to continue his business. He took charge of Lucianos gang when Lucky Luciano was arrested, during his time in power he expanded the gang's operations into white collar crimes.

He decided to step down from power when Vito Genovese returned from Italy and challenged him for power to run the Luciano crime family. Costello retired from the gangster life style and died peacefully in Carlo Gambino was an influential gangster in America. From until he died in , he was known for being very low key. Gambino was born in Palermo, Sicily , but moved to the United States at the age of Through his relatives the Castellano , he joined the Masseria Family while Lucky Luciano was the underboss in the Masseria Family, Gambino worked for him.

Later Scalise was stripped of his rank, and Vincenzo Mangano became boss until , when Mangano disappeared. His body was never found. Gambino then worked his way up the ladder to be the last known boss to have full control of the commision besides Luciano. Gambino was know to have taken the Mafia out of the lime light and kept it in the dark and away from the media. Gangs have long been the subject of movies.

Crime in the Great Depression

In fact, the first feature-length movie ever produced was The Story of the Kelly Gang , an Australian production that traced the life of the outlaw Ned Kelly — The classic gangster movie ranks with the Western as one of the most successful creations of the American movie industry. The "classic" form of gangster movie, rarely produced in recent years, tells of a gangster working his way up through his enterprise and daring, until his organization collapses while he is at the peak of his powers.

Although the ending is presented as a moral outcome, it is usually seen as no more than an accidental failure. The gangster is typically articulate, although at times lonely and depressed, and his worldly wisdom and defiance of social norms has a strong appeal, particularly to adolescents. The stereotypical image and myth of the American gangster is closely associated with organized crime during the Prohibition era of the s and s.